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Comparison of Weed Management Programs for Furrow-Irrigated and Flooded Hybrid Rice Production in Arkansas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Robert C. Scott
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Robert C. Scott
Affiliation:
Extension Weed Science, University of Arkansas, Lonoke Extension and Applied Research Center, P.O. Box 357, Lonoke, AR 72086
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: muthu@uark.edu
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Abstract

Whether season-long weed control can be achieved in a furrow-irrigated rice system with similar herbicide inputs to that of a flooded system is not known. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Pine Tree, AR to evaluate different herbicide programs on the weed control efficacy and rice grain yield in furrow-irrigated and flooded rice production systems. Six herbicide programs were evaluated with and without additional late-season “as-needed” herbicide treatments. Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered. Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater), because flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds. In addition, rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Irrespective of the irrigation system, herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide, indicative of the importance of early-season weed control in achieving higher grain yields. On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems. However, furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications, which were applied after the four- to five-leaf rice stage when two or more plots within a program exhibited ≤ 80% control for any of the weed species. This suggests that furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs. There is also a possibility for substantial yield reduction in the furrow-irrigated system compared with the flooded system. Nevertheless, furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.

Se desconoce si el control de malezas a lo largo de la temporada se puede lograr en un sistema de arroz irrigado por surcos con aplicaciones de herbicida similares a las del sistema de inundación. En 2007 y 2008 se realizaron experimentos de campo en Pine Tree, AR, para evaluar el impacto de diferentes programas de herbicidas sobre la eficacia del control de malezas y el rendimiento de grano en sistemas de producción de arroz irrigado por surcos o por inundación. Seis programas de herbicida fueron evaluados con y sin aplicaciones adicionales de herbicida tarde en el ciclo de crecimiento, “según fuera necesario”. Se notó un daño menor en el arroz con quinclorac más propanil. Sin embargo, el daño fue pasajero y las plantas se recuperaron totalmente. En general, el control de malezas fue mayor en los sistemas de inundación en comparación con el irrigado por surcos (hasta 20% mayor), porque la inundación evitó efectivamente la emergencia de la mayoría de las malezas terrestres. Además, los rendimientos del grano fueron 13 a 14% mayores en parcelas inundadas que en las irrigadas por surcos. Independientemente del sistema de irrigación, los programas que incluían una aplicación de herbicida PRE proporcionaron mejor control de malezas y resultaron en mayores rendimientos comparados con aquellos que no la incluían, lo que indica la importancia del control de malezas temprano en el ciclo de crecimiento para obtener mayores rendimientos de grano. En base al control de malezas, el rendimiento y el costo del tratamiento, el programa de herbicidas con clomazone PRE seguido por propanil cuando el arroz presentó 4 a 5 hojas, fue más eficiente que otros programas evaluados en ambos sistemas de irrigación. Sin embargo, las parcelas irrigadas por surcos requirieron aplicaciones de herbicida “según fuera necesario”, que fueron hechas después de la etapa de 4 a 5 hojas cuando dos o más parcelas en un programa exhibieron ≤ 80% de control para cualquier especie de malezas. Esto sugiere que la producción de arroz irrigado por surcos requiere esfuerzos adicionales de manejo de malezas y, por lo tanto, incrementa los costos de producción. Existe también la posibilidad de una reducción substancial en el rendimiento con el sistema de irrigación por surcos comparado con el sistema de inundación. Sin embargo, la producción de arroz irrigado por surcos aún puede ser una opción viable bajo situaciones limitadas de agua y bajo ciertas condiciones topográficas.

Keywords

Clomazonepropanilquincloracrice, Oryza sativa L. ‘XL723’ ORYZAAerobic riceflooded ricerice yieldupland ricewater conservationweed control
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 556 - 562
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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