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Effect of Turnip Soil Amendment and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Densities on Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Edward E. Gbur
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Edward E. Gbur
Affiliation:
Statistics and Interim Laboratory Director, Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jnorswor@uark.edu
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Abstract

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide is the most effective method of controlling nutsedges, but because of ozone depletion, the phase-out of methyl bromide has complicated nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched tomato and other vegetable crops. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family produce glucosinolates, which upon tissue decomposition generate biocidal isothiocyanates and therefore can be used as a biological alternative for yellow nutsedge control. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment with ‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop on the interference of yellow nutsedge planted at 0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2 in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched tomato production. There was no advantage of soil amendment with Seventop on reducing yellow nutsedge interference in polyethylene-mulched tomato. Regardless of soil amendment, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2 increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production at least 1.7, 1.6, and 1.6 times, respectively. As a result, tomato canopy width, shoot dry weight, and marketable yield decreased with increasing initial tuber densities. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on tomato height. Relative to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge at 50 and 100 tubers m−2 reduced marketable yield of tomato up to 32 and 49%, respectively. Shading of the middle and lower portion of tomato plants by yellow nutsedge shoots could be the major factor for reducing tomato growth and yield in weedy plots. It is concluded that soil amendment with Seventop turnip is not a viable option for reducing yellow nutsedge interference at 50 and 100 tuber m−2 in polyethylene-mulched tomato.

Cyperus esculentus es una maleza problemática en la producción de tomate con mantillo de polietileno. La fumigación del suelo con bromuro de metilo es el método más efectivo para controlar este tipo de maleza, pero debido a la reducción de la capa de ozono, la eliminación progresiva del bromuro de metilo ha complicado el control de Cyperusen el cultivo de tomatey otras hortalizas cultivadas con mantillo de polietileno. Las plantas que pertenecen a la familia brassicaceae producen glucosinolatos, los cuales con la descomposición del tejido generanisotiocianatosbiocidas (ITCs) y por lo tanto, pueden ser usados como una alternativa biológica para el control de C. esculentus. En 2007 y 2009 se realizaron experimentos de campo para estudiar la influencia de la modificación del suelo con nabo ‘Seventop’ como cultivo de cobertera, sobre la interferencia de C. esculentus sembrado a 0, 50, y 100 tubérculos m-2 en el cultivo de tomate en camas elevadas con mantillo de polietileno. No hubo ninguna ventaja de la modificación del suelo con nabo ‘Seventop’, en cuanto a reducir la interferencia de C. esculentus en el cultivo de tomate con mantillo de polietileno. Sin importar la modificación del suelo, incrementarla densidad inicial de tubérculos de 50 a 100 m2 aumentó la densidad de los brotes, el peso seco de los mismosy la producción de tubérculos de C. esculentus al menos 1.7, 1.6 y 1.6 veces, respectivamente. Como resultado, el ancho del follaje del tomate, el peso seco delos brotes y el rendimiento comercial disminuyeron con el incremento de las densidades iniciales de los tubérculos. Sin embargo, el aumento en la densidad de los tubérculos tuvo un mínimo impacto en la altura del tomate. Relativoa las parcelas libres de maleza, la interferencia de C. esculentus a 50 y 100 tubérculos m2 disminuyó el rendimiento comercial del tomate hasta 32 y 49%, respectivamente. La sombra que los brotes de C. esculentus dan a la parte media y baja de las plantas de tomate puede ser el factor principal en la reducción del crecimiento y rendimiento del tomate en parcelas enmalezadas. Se concluye que suelo modificado con nabo ‘Seventop’ no es una opción viable para reducir la interferencia de C. esculentusa 50 y 100 tubérculos m2 en cultivo de tomate con mantillo de polietileno.

Keywords

Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPEStomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Amelia’, turnip, Brassica rapa L. ‘Seventop’Allelopathybiofumigationbiological weed controlcompetitioncover cropmethyl bromide alternative
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 364 - 370
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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