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Egyptian Broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) Management in Carrot under Field Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Amnon Cochavi ,
Guy Achdari ,
Evgeny Smirnov ,
Baruch Rubin  and
Hanan Eizenberg
Amnon Cochavi
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), NeweYa'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
Guy Achdari
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), NeweYa'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
Evgeny Smirnov
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), NeweYa'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
Baruch Rubin
Affiliation:
R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Hanan Eizenberg*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), NeweYa'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: eizenber@volcani.agri.gov.il.
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Abstract

The chlorophyll-lacking holoparasite Egyptian broomrape is a major threat for many field crops in Israel. In carrot, a high-value crop that is grown year round in Israel, heavy infestation with broomrape can cause severe damage and even total yield loss. The objective of this study was to determine, under field conditions, selective herbicides that would effectively control Egyptian broomrape without damaging the carrots. Ten field experiments were performed between the years 2010 and 2013. The acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides imazapic and imazamox caused deformation of carrot taproots at low doses, and significantly reduced yield amount and quality. Glyphosate was found to be the safest herbicide for broomrape management in carrot. Carrot selectivity and broomrape control efficacy were examined with three sequential applications of nine glyphosate doses. A nonlinear log-logistic curve described the response of noninfested carrot taproot biomass to glyphosate. No significant reduction in taproot biomass was observed when glyphosate was applied at up to 149 g ae ha−1. When glyphosate was applied in an Egyptian broomrape-infested carrot field, a hormetic effect was observed, perhaps due to Egyptian broomrape control. A two-parameter exponential decay curve described the broomrape response to glyphosate. Three sequential foliar applications of glyphosate, at 108 g ha−1, completely controlled Egyptian broomrape. Our results demonstrate that glyphosate applied sequentially at a low dose on Egyptian broomrape-infested carrot can control this parasitic weed.

La planta holoparásita carente de clorofila Phelipanche aegyptiaca representa una importante amenaza para muchos cultivos en Israel. En zanahoria, un cultivo de alto valor producido durante todo el año en Israel, altas infestaciones de P. aegyptiaca pueden causar severos daños e inclusive pérdida total de rendimientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar, bajo condiciones de campo, cuáles herbicidas selectivos pueden controlar P. aegyptiaca en forma efectiva sin dañar la zanahoria. Diez experimentos de campo fueron realizados entre 2010 y 2013. Los herbicidas inhibidores de acetolactate synthase, imazapic e imazamox, causaron deformación de la raíz pivotante de la zanahoria a dosis bajas, y redujeron significativamente el rendimiento y la calidad. Se encontró que glyphosate fue el herbicida más seguro para el manejo de P. aegyptiaca en zanahoria. La selectividad en la zanahoria y la eficacia para el control de P. aegyptiaca fueron examinadas con tres aplicaciones secuenciales de nueve dosis de glyphosate. Una curva no-lineal log-logística describió la respuesta a glyphosate de la biomasa de raíz pivotante de zanahoria sin infestación de la maleza. No se observó ninguna reducción significativa en la biomasa de la raíz pivotante cuando se aplicó glyphosate hasta 149 g ae ha−1. Cuando glyphosate se aplicó en un campo de zanahoria infestado con P. aegyptiaca, se observó un efecto hormético, tal vez debido al control de P. aegyptiaca. Una curva de decrecimiento exponencial de dos factores describió la respuesta de P. aegyptiaca a glyphosate. Tres aplicaciones secuenciales de glyphosate a 108 g ha−1, controlaron completamente P. aegyptiaca. Nuestros resultados demuestran que glyphosate aplicado secuencialmente a bajas dosis en campos de zanahoria infestados con P. aegyptiaca pueden controlar esta maleza parasítica.

Keywords

GlyphosateEgyptian broomrape, Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers.carrot, Daucus carota L.Broomrapeglyphosateimazamoximazapic
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 519 - 528
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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