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Evaluation of Tillage and Herbicide Interaction for Amaranthus Control in Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jessica A. Kelton ,
Andrew J. Price ,
Michael G. Patterson ,
C. Dale Monks  and
Edzard van Santen
Jessica A. Kelton
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Andrew J. Price*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL 36832
Michael G. Patterson
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
C. Dale Monks
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Edzard van Santen
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Andrew.price@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Amaranthus control in cotton can be difficult with the loss of glyphosate efficacy, especially in conservation-tillage cropping systems. Research was conduction from 2006 to 2008 at EV Smith Research Center, Shorter, AL, to determine the level of glyphosate-susceptible Amaranthus control provided by four initial tillage and herbicide treatments, including 1) moldboard plowing followed by a single-pass disking and field cultivation plus pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ai ha−1 preplant incorporation (PPI), 2) two-pass disking followed by field cultivation plus pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ha−1 PPI, 3) no tillage including an application of pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ha−1 PRE, or 4) no tillage without pendimethalin in 2006. No further tillage practices or pendimethalin applications were utilized after study initiation. Initial tillage operations, including inversion with disking or disking twice, resulted in Amaranthus density of ≤ 4 plants m−2 and 47 to 82% control, whereas no-tillage treatments had ≥ 4 plants m−2 and 14 to 62% control. Subsequent applications of PRE herbicides included fluometuron at 1.68 kg ai ha−1 or prometryn at 1.12 kg ai ha−1 and provided 53 to 98% and 55 to 93% control, respectively, and reduced Amaranthus density compared to no PRE herbicide to < 2 plants m−2, regardless of tillage treatment. A POST application of glyphosate at 1.0 kg ae ha−1 improved control in conjunction with almost all treatments in each year. Results indicate that a one-time tillage operation followed by a return to reduced tillage may aid in the reduction of Amaranthus density when used with PRE-applied herbicides; however, this system will likely not provide adequate control when high population densities of glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus are present, thus highlighting the need for a highly efficacious POST herbicide system.

El control de Amaranthus en algodón puede ser difícil con la pérdida de eficacia de glyphosate, especialmente en sistemas de cultivos con labranza de conservación. Se realizaron investigaciones desde 2006 a 2008 en el Centro de Investigación EV Smith, en Shorter, Alabama, para determinar el nivel de control de Amaranthus susceptible a glyphosate provisto por cuatro tratamientos con labranza inicial y herbicidas, los cuales incluyeron 1) labranza con arado de vertedera seguida por un único pase de rastra de discos y un cultivador más pendimethalin a 1.2 kg ai ha−2 en pre-siembra incorporado (PPI), 2) dos pases de rastra de discos seguidos por un pase con cultivador más pendimethalin a 1.2 kg ha−1 PPI, 3) sin labranza incluyendo una aplicación de pendimethalin a 1.2 kg ha−1 PRE, o 4) sin labranza y sin pendimethalin en 2006. No se realizaron prácticas adicionales de labranza o aplicaciones de herbicidas después del inicio del estudio. Las operaciones de labranza iniciales que incluyeron inversión del suelo con el pase de discos una o dos veces resultaron en densidades de Amaranthus ≤4 plantas m−2 y 47 a 82% de control, mientras que los tratamientos sin labranza tuvieron ≥4 plantas m−2 y 14 a 62% de control. Las aplicaciones posteriores de herbicidas PRE incluyeron fluometuron a 1.68 kg ai ha−1 o prometryn a 1.12 kg ai ha−1 y brindaron 53 a 98% de control, respectivamente, y redujeron la densidad de Amaranthus en comparación con los tratamientos sin herbicidas PRE a <2 plantas m−2 sin importar el tratamiento de labranza. Una aplicación de glyphosate a 1.0 kg ae ha−1 mejoraron el control en combinación con casi todos los tratamientos en cada año. Los resultados indican que una operación de labranza seguida por labranza reducida podría ayudar en la reducción de la densidad de Amaranthus cuando se usó herbicidas aplicados PRE. Sin embargo, este sistema probablemente no brindará control adecuado cuando altas poblaciones de Amaranthus resistente a glyphosate están presentes, resaltando la necesidad de tener un sistema de herbicidas POST eficaz.

Keywords

FluometuronglyphosatependimethalinprometryncottonGossypium hirsutum L.Glyphosateherbicide resistanceno tillage
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , June 2013 , pp. 298 - 304
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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