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Fall and Spring Preplant Herbicide Applications Influence Spring Emergence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Vince M. Davis ,
Greg R. Kruger ,
Bryan G. Young  and
William G. Johnson
Vince M. Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155
Greg R. Kruger
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155
Bryan G. Young
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
William G. Johnson*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: wgj@purdue.edu.
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Abstract

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a common weed in no-till crop production systems. It is problematic because of the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and its ability to complete its life cycle as a winter or summer annual weed. Tactics to control horseweed while controlling other winter annual weeds routinely fail; herbicide application timing and spring emergence patterns of horseweed may be responsible. The objectives of this experiment were to (1) determine the influence of fall and spring herbicides with and without soil residual horseweed activity on spring-emerging glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed density and (2) evaluate the efficacy and persistence of saflufenacil on GR horseweed. Field studies were conducted in southern Indiana and Illinois from fall 2006 to summer 2007 and repeated in 2007 to 2008. Six preplant herbicide treatments were applied at four application timings: early fall, late fall, early spring, and late spring. Horseweed plants were counted every 2 wk following the first spring application until the first week of July. Horseweed almost exclusively emerged in the spring at both locations. Spring horseweed emergence was higher when 2,4-D + glyphosate was fall-applied and controlled other winter annual weeds. With fall-applied 2,4-D + glyphosate, over 90% of the peak horseweed density was observed before April 25. In contrast, only 25% of the peak horseweed density was observed in the untreated check by April 25. Starting from the initiation of horseweed emergence in late March, chlorimuron + tribenuron applied early fall or early spring, and spring-applied saflufenacil at 100 g ai/ha provided greater than 90% horseweed control for 12 wk. Early spring–applied saflufenacil at 50 g ai/ha provided 8 wk of greater than 90% residual control, and early spring–applied simazine provided 6 wk of greater than 90% control. When applied in late spring, saflufenacil was the only herbicide treatment that reduced horseweed densities by greater than 90% compared to 2,4-D + glyphosate. We concluded from this research that fall applications of nonresidual herbicides can increase the rate and density of spring emerging horseweed. In addition, spring-applied saflufenacil provides no-till producers with a new preplant herbicide for foliar and residual control of glyphosate- and ALS-resistant horseweed.

La Conyza canadensis es una maleza común en los sistemas de producción de no labranza (no-till). Es problemática debido a la existencia frecuente de biotipos resistentes a glifosato y acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicidas inhibidores y sus habilidades para completar su ciclo de vida como maleza anual de invierno o verano. Las tácticas de control de conyza canadensis mientras se controlan otras malezas anuales de invierno fallan rutinariamente, el tiempo de aplicación del herbicida y los patrones de emergencia de la polygonum convolvulus durante la primavera pueden ser los responsables. Los objetivos este experimento fueron: 1) Determinar la influencia de los herbicidas de otoño y primavera con y sin actividad residual de la polygonum convolvulus en la tierra, en las emergencias de las densidades de conyza canadensis resistente al glifosato en la primavera. 2) Evaluar la eficacia y la persistencia de saflufenacil en la conyza canadensis resistente al glifosato. Estudios de campo en el sureste de Indiana e Illinois fueron llevados a cabo del otoño de 2006 al verano de 2007 y repetidos en 2007 y 2008. Seis tratamientos de herbicida de pre-siembra fueron aplicados en cuatro etapas de aplicación: temprano y tarde en el otoño y temprano y tarde en la primavera. Las plantas de conyza canadensis se contaron cada dos semanas después de la primera aplicación de primavera hasta la primera semana de julio. Hubo de emergencia conyza canadensis solamente en primavera en ambas locaciones. La emergencia de conyza canadensis fue mayor cuando 2, 4-D más glifosato fueron aplicados en el otoño y otras malezas de invierno fueron controladas. Con la aplicación de otoño de 2, 4-D más glifosato, más del 90% de la densidad pico de conyza canadensis fue observada antes del 25 de abril. En contraste, solamente el 25% de alcance de la densidad de conyza canadensis fue observado en el terreno no tratado para la misma fecha. Comenzando desde el inicio de la emergencia de conyza canadensis tarde en marzo, aplicaciones de clorimuron y tribenuron temprano en el otoño o temprano en la primavera más aplicación primaveral de saflufenacil en dosis de 100 g ai/ha proporcionaron mas del 90% de control de conyza canadensis por 12 semanas. La aplicación temprana en la primavera de saflufenacil a 50 g ai/ha proporcionaron 8 semanas de mas del 90% de control residual y la aplicación temprana en la primavera de simazine, dieron como resultado 6 semanas de más del 90% de control. Cuando la aplicación fue tarde en la primavera, saflufenacil fue el único tratamiento de herbicida que redujo la densidad de Conyza canadensis por más del 90% comparada con la aplicación de 2,4-D más glifosato. Concluimos de esta investigación que las aplicaciones durante el otoño de herbicidas no residuales pueden aumentar las dosis y la densidad de la emergencia de primavera de Conyza canadensis. Además, la aplicación primaveral de saflufenacil proporciona a los productores de cero labranza, un nuevo herbicida pre siembra para un control foliar y residual de glifosato y Conyza canadensis resistente al ALS.

Keywords

Chlorimuronglyphosatesaflufenacilsimazinetribenuron2,4-D esterhorseweed, Conyza canadensis L. ERICAHerbicide-resistant horseweedBAS800Hfall-appliedearly preplant EPPresidual
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2010 , pp. 11 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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