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Allyl Isothiocyanate as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Weed Management in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Edward E. Gbur
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Edward E. Gbur
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jnorswor@uark.edu
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Abstract

Methyl bromide has been widely used for weed control in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. With the phaseout of methyl bromide in the United States, an effective alternative is needed. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to determine if allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) would provide substantive weed control in tomato along with crop tolerance under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch. Treatment factors included two mulch types (LDPE and VIF) and six rates of allyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1). A standard treatment of methyl bromide : chloropicrin (67 : 33%) at 390 kg ha−1 under LDPE mulch was also established. Allyl ITC was broadcast applied and incorporated in soil before forming raised beds and laying plastic mulch. Tomatoes were transplanted 3 wk after applying allyl ITC or methyl bromide treatments. Tomato injury was ≤ 8% in all treatments at 2 wk after transplanting (WATP). Allyl ITC at 913 (± 191) kg ha−1 was required to control yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and large crabgrass equivalent to methyl bromide at 6 WATP and maintain marketable tomato yield equivalent to methyl bromide treatment. VIF mulch was not effective in increasing weed control or improving the marketable yield of tomato over LDPE mulch. This research demonstrates that allyl ITC under an LDPE mulch can have a practical application for weed control in polyethylene-mulched tomato in the absence of methyl bromide.

El methyl bromide ha sido extensamente usado para el control de malezas en la producción de tomate con cobertura de polietileno. Con la eliminación progresiva de methyl bromide en los Estados Unidos, se necesita una alternativa efectiva. Experimentos de campo se realizaron en 2007 y 2009 para determinar si allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) podría proporcionar un control sustancial de malezas en tomate, permitiendo la tolerancia del cultivo bajo una cobertura de polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) y una cobertura de película virtualmente impermeable (VIF). Los factores de los tratamientos incluyeron dos tipos de cobertura (LDPE y VIF) y seis dosis de allyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1500 kg ha−1). También se estableció un tratamiento estándar de methyl bromide: chloropicrin (67: 33%) a 390 kg ha−1 bajo cobertura LDPE. Allyl ITC fue aplicado al voleo e incorporado al suelo antes de formar camas elevadas y colocar la cubertura plástica. Los tomates se trasplantaron 3 semanas después de aplicar los tratamientos de allyl ITC o methyl bromide. El daño al tomate fue ≤8% en todos los tratamientos 2 semanas después del trasplante (WATP). Allyl ITC a 913 (±191) kg ha−1 fue requerido para el control de Cyperus esculentus, Amaranthus palmeri y Digitaria sanguinalis, a niveles equivalentes a methyl bromide a las 6 WATP, y también para mantener el rendimiento comercial del tomate, equivalente al tratamiento con methyl bromide. La cobertura VIF no fue efectiva en aumentar el control de malezas o en incrementar el rendimiento comercial del tomate por encima de los niveles obtenidos con el uso de una cobertura LDPE. Esta investigación demuestra que allyl ITC bajo una cobertura LDPE puede tener una aplicación práctica para el control de malezas en la producción de tomate con cobertura de polietileno en ausencia de methyl bromide.

Keywords

Allyl isothiocyanatemethyl bromidelarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop. DIGSAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPEStomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Amelia’Alternative weed controlplastic mulchsoil fumigation
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/AREAS
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 449 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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