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Emergence pattern of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) influenced by tillage timings and residual herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2020

Parminder S. Chahal Open the ORCID record for Parminder S. Chahal [Opens in a new window] ,
Ethann R. Barnes  and
Amit J. Jhala Open the ORCID record for Amit J. Jhala [Opens in a new window]
Parminder S. Chahal
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Scientist, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Ethann R. Barnes
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Amit J. Jhala, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, 279 Plant Science Hall, P.O. Box 830915, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68583 Email: Amit.Jhala@unl.edu
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Abstract

The evolution of multiple herbicide-resistant weeds, including Palmer amaranth, has necessitated the implementation of an integrated weed management (IWM) program. Understanding weed emergence patterns is critical for developing effective IWM strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage timings and residual herbicides on cumulative emergence and emergence pattern of Palmer amaranth. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in a field naturally infested with photosystem (PS) II and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth near Shickley, Nebraska, in a bare ground study, with no crop planted in the plots, although residues from the preceding corn crop were present on the soil surface. Treatments consisted of shallow tillage timings (early, mid, and late), three premix corn or soybean residual herbicides, and a nontreated control. The Weibull function was fitted to cumulative Palmer amaranth emergence with day of year (DOY) and thermal time (TT) as independent variables. Year by treatment interaction was significant for time to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% Palmer amaranth emergence and cumulative emergence. The majority of Palmer amaranth seedlings emerged early, following early tillage with 90% cumulative emergence occurring on DOY 172 compared with DOY 210 to 212 for mid- and late-tillage, and DOY 194 for the nontreated control in 2015. In 2016, 90% of cumulative emergence following early-, mid-, and late-tillage (DOYs 201 to 211) were similar, and that of the nontreated control (DOY 188) was similar to that of early tillage. Nontreated control and PRE herbicide treatments had similar DOY values for 90% emergence in both years. The number of emerged Palmer amaranth seedlings over the season was higher with shallow tillage than no tillage or with the use of PRE herbicides.

Keywords

Cumulative emergenceday of yearintegrated weed managementoccasional tillagethermal time modelWeibull functionAtrazinebicyclopyronechlorimuronflumioxazinfluthiacetmesotrionepyroxasulfoneS-metolachlorPalmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri S. Watson
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 3 , June 2021 , pp. 433 - 439
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Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Mark VanGessel, University of Delaware

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