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The Arab Military Elite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2011

Amos Perlmutter
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Extract

The field of modern civil-military relations is not a totally fresh one, still unexplored. Kurt Lang's 1969 bibliography on military sociology lists over one thousand items—books, articles, and unpublished material—and this catalogue includes only the material available in English. His section on civil-military relations lists some 250 items,1an impressive accumulation in a supposedly new field.

Type
Review Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , January 1970 , pp. 269 - 300
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 1970

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References

1 Lang, Kurt, The Sociology of the Military: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography (Chicago 1969Google Scholar).

2 Huntington, Samuel P., The Soldier and the State (Cambridge, Mass. 1957Google Scholar).

3 Janowitz, Morris, The Professional Soldier (Glencoe 1960Google Scholar).

4 Huntington, vii.

5 Ibid., 143-62.

6 Huntington, Samuel P., “Civilian Control of the Military: A Theoretical Statement,” in , Eulau and others, eds., Political Behavior (Glencoe 1956), 380Google Scholar.

7 Huntington, The Soldier, 96-97.

8 , Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (Glencoe 1960), 417Google Scholar.

9 Janowitz, Morris, “Armed Forces and Society: A World Prespective,” unpubl. paper no. 54 (Chicago 1966Google Scholar), 5.

10 Johnson, John J., ed., The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped Countries (Princeton 1962CrossRefGoogle Scholar).

11 Edward Shils, “The Military in the Political Development of the New States,” in Johnson, 7–68.

12 Ibid. 52–60.

13 Lucian Pye, “Armies in the Process of Political Modernization,” in Johnson, 69–89.

14 Manfred Halpern, “Middle Eastern Armies and the New Middle Class,” in Johnson, 286.

15 Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven 1968), 195Google Scholar.

16 For elaborate analysis of praetorianism, see Huntington in Political Order, 193–263.

17 Perlmutter, Amos, “The Praetorian State and the Praetorian Army,” Comparative Politics, 1 (April 1964), 382–404Google Scholar.

18 Huntington, Political Order, 194.

19 Eckstein, Harry, “A Perspective on Comparative Politics, Past and Present,” in Eckstein, H. and Apter, D., eds., Comparative Politics (Glencoe 1963), 16–35Google Scholar.

20 We must distinguish between Weber's definition of praetorianism and Huntington's. To Huntington it is an analytic concept, while to Weber it indicates a type of domination.

21 Weber, Max, Economy and Society, Vol. 3 (New York 1968), 1013Google Scholar–31.

22 For an excellent description of the Egyptian army, see Berger, Morroe, Military Elite and Social Changes: Egypt Since Napoleon (Princeton 1960Google Scholar).

23 For a sympathetic portrait of ‘Aziz al-Misri, see Khadduri, Majid, “‘Aziz 'Ali al Misri and the Arab Nationalist Movement,” in Hourani, Albert, ed., Middle Eastern Affairs, No. 4 (Oxford 1965), 140Google Scholar–63. For additional information on Misri and the Free Officers, in addition to Beeri see , G. and , S, Lacouture, Egypt in Transition (New York. 1959Google Scholar). For a short but most perceptive analysis of the Arab officers and Misri in the early days of the nationalist movement following World War I, see Kedourie, Elie, England and the Middle East (London 1956), 46–48Google Scholar.

24 Rustow, Dankwart A., “The Study of Elites,” World Politics, xviii (July 1966), 201Google Scholar.

25 Easton, David, A System Analysis of Political Life (New York 1965Google Scholar).

26 Ibid., 287.

27 See the pioneer volume, Bienen, Henri, ed., The Military Intervenes (New York 1968Google Scholar); Nordlinger, Eric, “Soldiers in Mufti,” unpub. paper, C.F.I.A., Harvard University (February 1969Google Scholar); and Perlmutter, “The Praetorian State.”

28 See Needier, Martin, Political Development in Latin America: Instability, Violence, and Evolutionary Change (New York 1968Google Scholar); Putnam, Robert, “Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics,” World Politics, xx (October 1967), 83–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

29 Mitchell, Richard P., “The Society of Muslim Brothers,” unpub. diss. (Princeton 1960), 72–150Google Scholar.

30 Mitchell reminds us of the close connection between Sheik Hasan al-Banna, the head of the Brotherhood, and General al-Misri, as was with Anwar al-Sadat, later to become a member of Nasser's Free Officers. Ibid., 46–49.

31 The literature on the relation between ideology and organization is growing. See Schurmann, Franz, Ideology and Organization in Communist China (Berkeley 1967Google Scholar); Selznick, Philip, Leadership in Administration (New York 1954Google Scholar); and Perlmutter, Amos, “Ideology and Organization: The Socialist-Zionist Parties in Israel 1896–1959,” doctoral diss., University of California (Berkeley 1957Google Scholar).

32 Perlmutter, Amos, “From Opposition to Rule: The Syrian Army and the Ba'th Party,” Western Political Quarterly, xxii (December 1969Google Scholar).

33 Nordlinger, 22–25.

34 Nasser, Gamel Abdul, The Philosophy of the Revolution (Washington 1955), 17Google Scholar.