Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T12:33:10.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The impact of feathers use on the detection and study of DNA viral pathogens in commercial poultry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

I. Davidson  and
I. Skoda
I. Davidson*
Affiliation:
Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
I. Skoda
Affiliation:
Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
*
*Corresponding author: IRITD@MOAG.GOV.IL; DAVIDSONI@INT.GOV.IL
Get access

Abstract

The present review focuses on three avian DNA viruses and two retroviruses; the DNA viruses are Marek's disease, chicken anaemia and fowlpox virus. The two avian retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis and avian leucosis virus subgroup J were detected in theirproviral DNA form in the feathertip extracts, thus resembling DNA viruses. Whereas most previous reports focused on experimentally-infected chickens, in the present study we analysed naturally-infected commercial flocks.

We review now the presence of various viruses in the chicken feathers, showing the efficacy of feathers for research and diagnosis alongside with other organs. Data on the relative ability to detect viruses on feathers over prolonged periods of time is also provided. We also analysed the efficacy of feather testing for the assessment of environmental infection in poultry houses. The data obtained by the differential diagnosis of various viruses in conjunction with the analysis of organs from the same chickens, showed that the feathers were very effective for diagnosis and deserve more attention.

Keywords

feathersvirusesMarek's disease virus (MDV)chicken anaemia virus (CAV)fowlpox virus (FPV)reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)avian leucosis virussubgroup J (ALV-J)
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 61 , Issue 3 , September 2005 , pp. 407 - 417
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baignet, S., Currie, R.J.W. and Nair, V. (2004) Quantification of Marek's disease virus load in feather tips and lymphocytes using real-time PCR. 7th Intl. Marek's Disease Symposium10–14 JulyOxford, UK.Google Scholar
Beasley, J.N., Patterson, L.T. and McWade, D.H. (1970) Transmission of Marek's disease by poultry house dust and chicken dander. American Journal of Veterinary Research 31: 339–344.Google ScholarPubMed
Borenshtain, R. and Davidson, I. (2002) Marek's disease virus genome separation from feather tip extracts by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. Journal of Virological Methods 101: 169–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burmester, B.R. and Witter, R.L. (1972) Efficacy of commercial air filters against Marek's disease virus. Applied Microbiology 23: 505–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calnek, B.W., Adldinger, H.K. and Kahn, D.E. (1970) Feather follicle epithelium: a source of enveloped and infectious cell-free herpesvirus from Marek's disease. Avian Diseases 14: 219–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calnek, B.W. and Hitchner, S.B. (1973) Survival and disinfection of Marek's disease virus and effectiveness of filters in preventing airborne dissemination. Poultry Science 52: 35–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrozza, J.H., Fredrickson, T.N., Prince, R.P. and Luginbuhl, R.E. (1973) Role of desquamated epithelial cells in transmission of Marek's disease. Avian Diseases 17: 767–781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, I., Malkinson, M., Strenger, C. and Becker, Y. (1986) An improved ELISAmethod using a streptavidin-biotin complex for detecting Marek's Disease virus antigens in feathers of infected chickens. Journal of Virological Methods 14: 237–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, I., Borowski, A., Perl, S. and Malkinson, M. (1995) Use of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of natural infection of chickens and turkeys with Marek's disease virus and Reticuloendotheliosis virus. Avian Pathology 24: 69–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, I. and Borenshtain, R. (2002) The feather tips of commercial chickens are a favorable source of DNA for the amplification of Marek's disease virus and avian leukosis virus, subgroup J. Avian Pathology 31: 237–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, I. and Borenshtain, R. (2003) Novel applications of feather tip extracts from MDV-infected chickens; diagnosis of commercial broilers, whole genome separation by PFGE and synchronic mucosal infection. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 38: 199–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, I., Kedem, M., Borochovitz, H., Borenshtain, R., Hamzani, E. and Smith, B. (2003) Detection and environmental monitoring of DNA viruses using the feathers of commercial chickens. Annual Meeting WPSA/AAAPDenver, Co, USA, July 2003.Google Scholar
Davidson, I. and Bendheim, U. (2004) Molecular identification and prevalence of psittacine circovirus in Israel. The 8th European AAV conferencethe ECAMS.Google Scholar
Davidson, I., Kedem, M., Borochovitz, H., Kass, N., Ayali, G., Hamzani, E., Perelman, B., Smith, B. and Perk, S. (2004) Chicken Infectious Anemia virus infection in Israeli commercial flocks; Virus amplification, clinical signs, performance and antibody status. Avian Diseases 48: 113–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadly, A.M. and Payne, L.N. (2003) Leukosis/Sarcoma Group In: Saif, Y.M.Barnes, H.J.Fadly, A.M.Glisson, J.R.McDougald, L.R., and Swayne, D.E. (eds) Diseases of Poultry, 11th edition, Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 465–516.Google Scholar
Fehler, F. and Winter, C. (2001) CIAV infection in older chickens: An apathogenic infection? The International Symposium on infectious bursal disease and chicken infectious anaemiaRauischholzhausenGermany, pp. 391–394.Google Scholar
Hoop, R.K. (1992) Persistence and vertical transmission of chicken anemia agent in experimentally infected laying hens. Avian Pathology 21: 493–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koch, G., Van Der Velde, J., Hartog, L., Gielkens, A.L.J. and Landman, W.J.M. (2000) Horizontal and vertical transmission of ALV-J and ALV-Avirus in broiler breeders chickens. Proceedings of the International Symposium on ALV-J and other avian retrovirusesRauischholzhausenGermany. pp. 141–151.Google Scholar
Korec, E., Hlozanek, I. and Benda, V. (1984) A rapid detection of avian oncovirus group-specific antigens in feather pulp by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Folia Biologica 30: 15–23.Google Scholar
Jurajda, V. and Klimes, B. (1970) Presence and survival of Marek's disease agent in dust. Avian Diseases 17: 188–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeson, S. and Walsh, T. (2004a) Feathering in commercial poultry I. Feather growth and composition. Poultry Science 60: 42–51.Google Scholar
Leeson, S. and Walsh, T. (2004b) Feathering in commercial poultry II. Factors influencing feather growth and feather loss. Poultry Science 60: 52–63.Google Scholar
Malkinson, M., Davidson, I., Strenger, C., Weisman, Y., Maray, T., Levy, H. and Becker, Y. (1989) Kinetics of the appearance of Marek's disease virus (MDV) DNA and antigens in the feathers of chickens infected with virulent MDV field isolates as measured by AGP, ELISA and dot-blot hybridization. Avian Pathology 18: 735–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markowski-Grimsrud, C.J. and Schat, K.A. (2003) Infection with chicken anemia virus impairs the generation of pathogen-specific cytotoxic Tlymphocytes. Immunology 109: 283–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, L.N. (1998) HPRS-103: a retrovirus strikes back. The emergence of subgroup J avian leucosis virus. Avian Pathology 27: S36–S45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberger, J.K. and Cloud, S.S. (1989) The effects of age, route of exposure and coinfection with infectious bursal disease virus on the pathogenicity and transmissibility of chicken anemia agent (CAA) Avian Diseases 33: 753–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schat, K.A. (2003) Circovirus infections, Chicken infectious anemia. In: Saif, Y.M.Barnes, H.J.Fadly, A.M.Glisson, J.R.McDougald, L.R., and Swayne, D.E. (eds) Diseases of Poultry, 11th edition, Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, pp 182–202.Google Scholar
Spencer, J.L., Gavora, J.S. and Gilka, F. (1983) Detection of lymphoid leukosis virus infected chickens by testing for group-specific antigen or virus in feather pulp. Avian Pathology 12: 85–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spencer, J.L., Gilka, F. and Gavora, J.S. (1987) Feather pulp organ cultures for assessing host resistance to infection with avian leukosis-arcoma viruses. Avian Pathology 16: 425–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sung, H.W., Reddy, S.M. and Fadly, A.M. (2002) High virus titer in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup J avian leucosis virus. Avian Diseases 46: 281–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajima, M., Nunoya, T. and Otaki, Y. (1977) Pathogenesis of abnormal feathers in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. Avian Diseases 21: 77–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tripathy, D.N. and Reed, W.M. (2003) Pox. In: Saif, Y.M.Barnes, H.J.Fadly, A.M.Glisson, J.R.McDougald, L.R., and Swayne, D.E. (eds) Diseases of Poultry, 11th edition, Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, pp.253–270.Google Scholar
Walkden-Brown, S., Groves, P., Islam, A., Burgess, S., Rubite, A. and Islam, F. (2004) Use of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor Marek's disease virus in broiler shed dust and spleen samples. 7th Intl. Marek's Disease Symposium10–14 JulyOxford, UK.Google Scholar
Witter, R.L. and Schat, K.A. (2003) Marek's disease virus. In: Saif, Y. M.Barnes, H. J.Glisson, J. R.Fadly, A. M.McDougald, L. R. and Swayne, D. E. (Eds.) Disease of Poultry, 11th Edition, pp. 407–464, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.Google Scholar
Witter, R.L. and Fadly, A.M. (2003) Reticuloendotheliosis. In: Saif, Y. M.Barnes, H.J.Glisson, J. R.Fadly, A. M., McDougald, L. R. and Swayne, D. E. (Eds.) Disease of Poultry, 11th Edition, pp. 517–535, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.Google Scholar
Woods, L. W. and Latimer, K.S. (2003) Circovirus infections of pigeons and other avian species. In: Saif, Y. M.Barnes, H.J.Glisson, J. R.Fadly, A. M.McDougald, L. R. and Swayne, D. E. (Eds.) Disease of Poultry, 11th Edition, pp. 202–211, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.Google Scholar
Yuasa, N.T., Taniguchi, T., Imada, T. and Hihara, H. (1983) Distribution of chicken anemia agent (CAA) and detection of neutralizing antibody in chicks experimentally inoculated with CAA. National Institute of Animal Health 23: 78–81.Google ScholarPubMed
Zanella, A., Ceruti, R. and Volorio, A. (2004) Marek's disease: diagnosis and prognostic value of agar-gel diffusion test with feather tips. 7th Intl. Marek's Disease Symposium10–14 JulyOxford, UK.Google Scholar
Zavala, G., Jackwood, M.W. and Hilt, D.A. (2002) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of avian leucosis virus subgroup J in feather pulp. Avian Diseases 46: 971–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar