Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T23:07:07.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Australian village poultry development programme in Asia and Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

J.W. Copland  and
R.G. Alders
J.W. Copland
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
R.G. Alders*
Affiliation:
AusAID Southern Africa Newcastle Disease Control Project, CP 1168, Maputo, Mozambique
*
*Corresponding author: robyn@mail.tropical.co.mz
Get access

Abstract

Village poultry play a vital role in many poor rural households. They provide scarce animal protein (in the form of meat and eggs) and can be sold/bartered to meet essential family needs such as medicine, clothes and school fees. They also provide manure and pest control as well as being used in traditional ceremonies. Village poultry are generally owned and managed by women and children and improving their production can provide the first step out of poverty for the rural poor.

The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has supported village poultry research in many countries since 1984. This research has had some significant outcomes including: the control of Newcastle disease (ND) using Australian derived live thermotolerant vaccines in a variety of poultry production systems in several countries; description and quantification of the scavenging feed resource base of low input/low output systems; development of gender-sensitive extension materials and methodologies suitable for use in remote rural areas in Asia and Africa; and the development and registration of a new duck plague vaccine in Vietnam.

The thermotolerant ND I-2 vaccine remains viable for periods away from the cold chain, can be administered by various routes and induces an acceptable level of protection under village conditions. The vaccine master seed, together with the ND Laboratory Manual, is made available without cost by ACIAR.

In developing countries where ND is endemic, outbreaks regularly result in high mortalities and in countries where it is not endemic, sporadic outbreaks make vaccination advisable. The implementation of an effective ND control programme in countries in Africa and Asia has resulted in increased chicken numbers, increased household purchasing power, increased home consumption of chicken products and increased decision-making power for women.

However, sustainable programmes for the control of ND in village chickens have been difficult to achieve, often due to limited appreciation by official agencies of the benefits of village poultry. Experience has shown that a sustainable ND control programme is composed of five essential components: a) an appropriate vaccine and vaccine technology; b) effective extension materials and methodologies that target veterinary and extension staff, community vaccinators and farmers; c) simple evaluation and monitoring systems; d) economic sustainability based on the commercialisation of the vaccine and vaccination services and the marketing of surplus chickens and eggs; and e) support and coordination by relevant government agencies for the promotion of vaccination programmes.

Details of ND control in village poultry are provided on the ACIAR website, www.aciar.gov.au and by the Australian Agency for International Development www.ausaid.gov.au.

Keywords

village poultryNewcastle diseasedisease control and extensionthermotolerant vaccineDuck plague vaccine
Type
Research Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 61 , Issue 1 , March 2005 , pp. 31 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahlers, C., Alders, R., Cambaza, A.B., Harun, M., Junior, J.L., Mgomezulu, R., Ami, H. Ms, Wegener, P., Wethli, E. and Young, M. (2005) Improving village chicken production: a comprehensive extension and field manual. ACIAR and AusAID. (In preparation.)Google Scholar
Alders, R. (2003) Success story on the control of Newcastle disease in village chickens using thermotolerant vaccines. Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI), FAO–RAP Bangkok. 08 2003.Google Scholar
Alders, R., Dos Anjos, F., Bagnol, B., Fumo, A., Mata, B. and Young, M. (2002); 2nd Edition (2003) Controlling Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens: A Training Manual. ACIAR Monograph N° 86, 128 pp.Google Scholar
Alders, R.G. and Spradbrow, P.B. (2001a) Controlling Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens: a field manual. Canberra. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Monograph 82. 112pp.Google Scholar
Alders, R.G. and Spradbrow, P.B. ed. (2001b) SADC Planning Workshop on Newcastle Disease Control in Village Chickens. Proceedings of an International Workshop, Maputo, Mozambique, 6–9 03, 2000. ACIAR Proceedings No. 103. 170pp.Google Scholar
Alexander, D.J. (1991) Newcastle disease. In: Rweyemamu, M.M., Palya, V., Win, T. and Sylla, D., ed. Newcastle Disease Vaccines for Rural Africa. Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre, pp. 7–45.Google Scholar
Bagnol, B. (2001) The social impact of Newcastle disease control. In: Alders, R.G. and Spradbrow, P.B. (2001) Controlling Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens: a field manual. Canberra. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Monograph 82. pp. 69–75.Google Scholar
Bensink, Z. and Spradbrow, P.B. (1999) Newcastle disease virus strain I-2: a prospective thermostable vaccine for use in developing countries. Veterinary Microbiology 68: 131–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copland, J.W. ed. (1987) Newcastle Disease in Poultry: A New Food Pellet Vaccine. ACIAR Monograph N°5, 119pp.Google Scholar
Copland, J. (1992) The origin and outcomes of the ACIAR Newcastle disease project. In: Spradbrow, P.B., ed., 1992. Newcastle disease in village chickens: control with thermotolerant oral vaccines. Proceedings of an international workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6–10 10 1991. ACIAR Proceedings N° 39, pp. 8–10.Google Scholar
DFID (2001) Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets. http://www.livelihoods.org August 2001.Google Scholar
Farrell, D. (2000) Asimple guide managing village poultry in South Africa. Josie Egan Publishing Services, Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Guèye, E.F. (2000) The role of family poultry in poverty alleviation, food security and the promotion of gender equality in rural Africa. Outlook on Agriculture 29(2): 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunaratne, S.P., Chandrasiri, A.D.N., Hemalatha, W.A.P.M. and Roberts, J.A. (1991) The feed resource base for scavenging village chickens. Cited by Roberts J.A. (1992) The scavenging feed resource base in assessments of the productivity of scavenging village chickens. In: Spradbrow, P.B., ed., 1992. Newcastle disease in village chickens: control with thermotolerant oral vaccines. Proceedings of an international workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6–10 10 1991. ACIAR Proceedings N°39, pp. 29–32.Google Scholar
Ideris, A., Ibrahim, A.L., Spradbrow, P.B. and Hung, Seng (1987) Development of Food Pellet Newcastle disease vaccine. In: Copland, J.W. ed. 1987. Newcastle Disease in Poultry: A New Food Pellet Vaccine. ACIAR Monograph N°5, pp. 20–23.Google Scholar
Roberts, J.A. (1992) The scavenging feed resource base in assessments of the productivity of scavenging village chickens. In: Spradbrow, P.B., ed., 1992. Newcastle disease in village chickens: control with thermotolerant oral vaccines. Proceedings of an international workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6–10 10 1991. ACIAR Proceedings N°39, pp. 29–32.Google Scholar
Spradbrow, P.B. ed. (1992) Newcastle disease in village chickens: control with thermotolerant oral vaccines. Proceedings of an international workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6–10 October 1991. ACIAR Proceedings N°39, 189pp.Google Scholar
Spradbrow, P.B. (1993–1994) Newcastle disease in village chickens. Poultry Science Review 5: 57–96.Google Scholar
Wethli, E. (1999) The Southern African Chicken Book – How to start a small business keeping chickens. Juta and Co., Ltd., Kenwyn, South Africa.Google Scholar
Young, M., Alders, R., Spradbrow, P., Grimes, S., DIAS, P., DASILVA, A. and LOBO, Q. (2002) Controlling Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens: A Laboratory Manual. ACIAR Monograph N°87, 142pp.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Newton, N., Frumin, L. and Wittett, S. (1996) Developing Health and Family Planning Materials for Low-Literate Audiences: A Guide. Washington DC, Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health.Google Scholar