Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T12:42:10.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The beneficial uses of glycerin as an alternative energy source in poultry diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2016

M. ARIF ,
M.E. ABD EL-HACK ,
Z. HAYAT ,
Sh. SOHAIL ,
M. SAEED  and
M. ALAGAWANY
M. ARIF
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
M.E. ABD EL-HACK*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
Z. HAYAT
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
Sh. SOHAIL
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
M. SAEED
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
M. ALAGAWANY*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
*
Corresponding authors: m.ezzat@zu.edu.eg: dr.mahmoud.alagwany@gmail.com
Corresponding authors: m.ezzat@zu.edu.eg: dr.mahmoud.alagwany@gmail.com
Get access

Abstract

Glycerin or glycerol (C3H5(OH)3) is one of the most valuable and versatile chemical materials known. The term ‘glycerin’ refers in general to a commercial solution of glycerol in water of which the main constituent is glycerol. Glycerin is an odourless, colourless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste. It is completely soluble in both alcohol and water. Glycerin is the main co-product derived from biodiesel production. It is produced by a KOH- or NaOH-catalysed transesterification of the triacylglycerols in fat or oil along with an alcohol. Glycerin is an important ingredient for the production of soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food. Additionally, glycerin is highly stable under normal storage conditions, practically non-irritating in its different uses, suitable for interactions with other chemical materials and has no any negative environmental impacts. Nowadays, with increasing glycerin production and its availability on the market, many new and novel uses are expected to be developed, particularly as alternative energy source for poultry diets. Furthermore, glycerin plays an essential role in body cellular metabolism. This review paper discusses the various trials using glycerin in poultry diets as an energy source and its effects on different parameters in the birds. Generally, poultry diets, which included glycerin up to 10% in feed, gave positive responses in most of studies, some of which measured apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn). However, more indices need to be determined in further studies in different poultry species.

Keywords

glycerinenergydietpoultryhealth
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 73 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 136 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABD-ELSAMEE, M.O., ABDO, Z.A., EL-MANYLAWI, M.A.F. and SALIM, I.H. (2010) Use of crude glycerin in broiler diets. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 30: 281-295.Google Scholar
BARTELT, J. and SCHNEIDER, D. (2002) Investigation on the energy value of glycerin in the feeding of poultry and pig, in: Union for the Promotion of Oilseeds-Schriften Heft 17. Union Zur Förderung Von Oel-Und Proteinplafalzen E.V., pp: 15-36 (Berlin, Germany).Google Scholar
BERNARDINO, V.M.P., RODRIGUES, P.B., FERITAS, R.T.F.D., GOMIDE, E.M., MAKIYAMA, L., BUENO, R.S., OLIVEIRA, D.H.D. and LARA, L.J. (2015) Sources and levels of glycerin for broilers from 22 to 35 days. African Journal of Agriculture Research 10: 1259-1265.Google Scholar
BRAMBILLA, S. and HILL, F.W. (1996) Comparison of neutral fat and free fatty acids in high lipid-low carbohydrates diets for the growing chicken. Journal of Nutrition 88: 84-92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRISSON, D., VOHL, M.C., St-PIERRE, J., HUDSON, T.J. and GAUDET, D. (2001) Glycerol: A neglected variable in metabolic processes? Bioessays 23: 534-542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRODY, T. (1994) Nutritional Biochemistry. Academic Press Inc, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
CERRATE, S., YAN, F., WANG, Z., COTO, C., SACAKLI, P. and WALDROUP, P.W. (2006) Evaluation of glycerine from biodiesel production as a feed ingredient for broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 5: 1001-1007.Google Scholar
CHRISTOPH, R., BERND, S., UDO, S., WOLFGANG, D. and REETTA, K. (2006) "Glycerol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DOZIER III, W.A., KERR, B.J., CORZO, A., KIDD, M.T., WEBER, T.E. and BREGENDAL, K. (2008) Apparent metabolisable energy of glycerin for broiler chickens. Poultry Science 87: 317-322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EMMANUEL, B., BERZINS, R. and ROBBLEE, A.R. (1983) Rates of entry of alanine and glycerin and their contribution to glucose synthesis in fasted chickens. British Poultry Science 24: 565-571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FELTES, M.M.C., DE OLIVEIRA, D. and NINOW, J.L. (2011) An overview of enzyme - Catalysed reactions and alternative feedstock for biodiesel production, in: MANZANERA, M. (ed) Alternative Fuel, 1st editio., pp. 21-46 (In Tech).Google Scholar
FRANCOIS, A. (1994) Glycerin in Nutrition. Comptes Rendus de Academic Agriculture de France 2: 63-76.Google Scholar
GUYTON, A.C. (1991) Textbook of Medical Physiology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.Google Scholar
HANCZAKOWSKA, E., WEGLARZY, K., SZYMCZYK, B. and HANCZAKOWSKI, P. (2010) Effect of adding crude or refined glycerin to pig diets on fattening performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass evaluation . Annual Animal Science 10: 67-73.Google Scholar
HENZ, J.R., NUNES, R.V., EYN, C., POZZA, P.C., FRANK, R., SCHONE, R.A. and OLIVEIRA, T.M.M. (2014) Effect of dietary glycerin supplementation in the starter diet on broiler performance. Czech Journal of Animal Science 59: 557-563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JUNG, B. and BATAL, A.B. (2011) Nutritional and feeding value of crude glycerin for poultry. 1. Nutritional value of crude glycerin. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 20: 162-167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KAPILAKARN, K. and PEUGTONG, A. (2007) A comparison of costs of biodiesel production from transesterication. International Energy Journal 8: 1-6.Google Scholar
KREBS, H.A. and LUND, P. (1966) Formation of glucose from hexoses, pentoses, polyols and related substances in kidney cortex. Biochemistry Journal 98: 210-214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KREBS, H.A., NOTTON, B.M. and HEMS, R. (1966) Gluconeogenesis in mouse-liver slices. Biochemistry Journal 101: 607-617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LAMMERS, P.J., KERR, B.J., HONEYMAN, M.S., STALDER, K., DOZIER, W.A., WEBER, T.E., KIDD, M.T. and BREGENDAHL, K. (2008) Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy value of crude glycerin for laying hens. Poultry Science 87:104-107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LESSIRE, M. and LECLERCQ, B. (1982) Metabolisable energy value of fats in chicks and adult cockerels. Animal Feed Science and Technology 7: 365-374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIMA, E.M.C., RODRIGUES, P.B., ALVARENGA, R.R., BERNARDINO, V.M.P., MAKIYAMA, L., LIMA, R.R., CANTARELLI, V.S. and ZANGERONIMO, M.G. (2013) The energy value of biodiesel glycerin products fed to broilers at different ages. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 79: 896-903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIN, E.C.C. (1997) Glycerin utilisation and its regulation in mammals. Annual Review of Biochemistry 46: 765-795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MANDALAWI, H.A., KIMIAEITALAB, M.V., OBREGO, V., MENOYO, D. and MATEOS, G.G. (2014) Influence of source and level of glycerin in the diet on growth performance, liver characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in broilers from hatching to 21 days of age. Poultry Science 93: 2855-2863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MANDALAWI, H.A., LÁZAROA, R., REDÓNB, M., HERRERAC, J., MENOYOA, D. and MATEOS, G.G. (2015) Glycerin and lecithin inclusion in diets for brown egg-laying hens: Effects on egg production and nutrient digestibility. Animal Feed Science and Technology 209: 145-156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MCLEA, M., BALL, E., KILPATRICK, D. and ELLIOTT, C. (2011) The effect of glycerin inclusion on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. British Poultry Science 52: 368-375 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NBB and NATIONAL BIODIESEL BOARD (2007) Official Site of the National Biodiesel Board. http://www.biodiesel.org/.Google Scholar
NÉMETH, K., ZSÉDELY, E., DÓKA, O. and SCHMIDT, J. (2014) Estimation of apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) value of glycerol in laying hen diets and effects on egg production and egg quality. Proceeding European Poultry Science Stuttgart, Germany 78: 1-11.Google Scholar
NEMETH, K., ZSEDELY, E. and SCHMIDT, J. (2013) Nitrogen- Corrected Apparent Metabolisable Energy value of crude glycerin for laying hens. Annals of Animal Science 13: 829-836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NEVES, D.G., RETES, P.L., ROCHAI, R.R., FERREIRA, L.G., NAVES, L.P., ALVARENGA, R.R., FASSANI, E.J., PEREIRA, L.J., SOUSA, R.V. and ZANGERONIMO, M.G. (2016) Effects of in ovo feeding with glycerol for broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NIETO, F. (2013) ExxonMobil: Natural gas use to surpass coal use globally by 2040, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.ugcenter.com/Midstream/ExxonMobil-Natural-Gas-To-Surpass-Coal-Globally-2040_111119.Google Scholar
NILLES, D. (2005) "A Glycerin Factor". Biodiesel Magazine.Google Scholar
NOLL (2008) Utilisation Of Glycerin As A Source Of Energy In Market Turkey Diets.Google Scholar
NRC and NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academic Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
ONDER, A.A., USTUNDAG, E., OZDOGA, T.M. and OZDEMIR, G.B. (2013) Effect of glycerin supplementated diet at different ages on Japanese quail on cecal microflora. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 1: 81-85.Google Scholar
PENA, J.E.M., VIEIRA, S.L., BORSATTI, L., PONTIN, C. and RIOS, H.V. (2014) Energy utilisation of by-products from the soybean oil industry by broiler chickens: acidulated soap stocks, lecithin, glycerol and their mixture. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 16: 437-442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RETORE, M., CLAUDIO, S., ALICE, E.M., IVAN GRACA, G.A., BRUNA, P.N., KARLA, D.S.F., JOYCE, S. and ANDREIA, F.G.O. (2012) Evaluation of vegetable and mixed crude glycerin in the diet of growing rabbits. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 41: 333-340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ROBERGS, R.A. and GRIFFIN, S.E. (1998) Glycerol: Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical and Practical Applications. Sports Medicine 3: 145-167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ROMANO, G.G., MENTEN, J.F.M.J., FREITAS, F.M.L.W.I., LIMA, M.B.I., PEREIRA, R.I., ZAVARIZE, K.C.I. and DIAS, C.T.S. (2014) Effects of glycerin on the metabolism of broilers fed increasing glycerin levels. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 16: 97-106 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAMBROOK, I.E. (1980) Digestion and absorption of carbohydrate and lipid in the stomach and the small intestine of the pig, in: LOW, A.G. & I.G. PARTRIDGE (Eds) Current Concepts of Digestion and Absorption in Pigs, pp. 78-93 (Natl. Inst. Res. Dairying, Reading, UK).Google Scholar
SILVA, G.P., MACK, M. and CONTIERO, J. (2009) Glycerol:A promising and abundant carbon source for industrial microbiology. Biotechnology Advances 27: 30-39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SUCHY, P., STRAKOVA, E., KROUPA, L. and HERZING, I. (2011) Pure and raw glycerin in the diet of broiler chickens, its effect on production parameters and slaughtering value. Archiv Tierzucht 54: 308-318.Google Scholar
SWIATKIEWICZ, S. and KORELESKI, J. (2009) Effect of crude glycerin level in the diet of laying hens on egg performance and nutrient utilisation. Poultry Science 88: 615-619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
THOMPSON, J.C. and HE, B. (2006) Characterisation of crude glycerin from biodiesel production from multiple feedstocks. Applied Engineering of Agriculture. 22: 261-265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TOPAL, E. and OZDOGAN, M. (2013) Effects of glycerin on the growth performance, internal organ weights, and drumstick muscle of broilers. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22: 146-151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
USTUNDAG, A.O, TUZUN, A.E. and OZDOGAN, M. (2013) Effect of glycerin supplemented diet fed different ages on growth performance and some blood parameters in Japanese quails. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Agriculture and Food, Volume 1, Part 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VANCOV, T., ALSTON, A.-S., BROWN, T. and MCINTOSH, S. (2012) Use of ionic liquids in converting lignocellulosic material to biofuels. Renewable Energy 45: 1-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
XUAN, J., LEUNG, M.K.H., LEUNG, D.Y.C. and NI, M. (2009) A review of biomass-derived fuel processors for fuel cell systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13: 1301-1313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YALÇIN, S., EROL, H., ÖZSOY, B., ONBASILAR, I., YALÇIN, S. and ÜNER, A. (2010) Effects of glycerol on performance, egg traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC of laying hens. Livestock Science 129: 129-134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YU, B. (2014) Glycerol. Synlett 25: 601-602.Google Scholar