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Numerical investigation of mixed-phase turbulence induced by a plunging jet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2024

Rong Li Open the ORCID record for Rong Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Zixuan Yang Open the ORCID record for Zixuan Yang [Opens in a new window]  and
Wei Zhang Open the ORCID record for Wei Zhang [Opens in a new window]
Rong Li
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
Zixuan Yang*
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
Wei Zhang
Affiliation:
Science and Technology on Water Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: yangzx@imech.ac.cn
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Abstract

In nature and engineering applications, water jet plunging acts as a key process causing interface breaking and generating mixed-phase turbulence. In this paper, high-resolution numerical simulations of the plunging of a water jet into a quiescent pool were performed to investigate the statistical properties of mixed-phase turbulence, with a special focus on the closure problem of the Reynolds-averaged equation. We conducted phase-resolved simulations, with the air–water interface captured using a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method. Various cases were performed to analyse the effects of the Froude number and Reynolds number. The simulation results showed that the turbulence statistics are insensitive to the Reynolds number under investigation, while the Froude number influences the flow properties significantly. To investigate the closure problem of the mean momentum equation, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent mass flux (TMF) and their transport equations were analysed further. It was discovered that the balance relationship of the TKE budget terms remained similar to many single-phase turbulent flows. The TMF is an additional unclosed term in mixed-phase turbulence over the single-phase turbulence. Our simulation results showed that the production term in its transport equation was highly correlated to TKE. Based on this finding, a closure model for the production term of TMF was further proposed.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulence simulation Turbulent Flows: Turbulence modelling Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase flow

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Type
JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 979 , 25 January 2024 , A27
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© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

Li et al. supplementary movie 1

Plunging jet at Fr = 3.2 (case 3).
Download Li et al. supplementary movie 1(File)
File 9.2 MB
Supplementary material: File

Li et al. supplementary movie 2

Plunging jet at Fr = 6.4 (case 6).
Download Li et al. supplementary movie 2(File)
File 9.6 MB
Supplementary material: File

Li et al. supplementary movie 3

Plunging jet at Fr = 9.6 (case 9).
Download Li et al. supplementary movie 3(File)
File 9.6 MB