Our study aimed to show whether it is useful to preserve the stapedial muscle during the surgical treatment of otosclerosis. The study was carried out on 67 patients with tympanoscopic evidence of otosclerosis. In group A (34 patients) the stapedial muscle was intra-operatively preserved as follows: the stapedial suprastructure with preserved muscle tendon was transpositioned onto the longer arm of the incus and secured with a wire loop. The mean uncomfortable level for sounds was measured after surgery and the results of group A patients were compared with those obtained in group B (33 patients, who underwent standard surgery). One month after surgery, in group A patients, the cochleostapedial reflex was evoked in 21 patients (61.8 per cent) and two months later in 32 patients (94.1 per cent). One month after operation, in group A patients the mean uncomfortable level was 108.8 dB, while three months later it increased to 114.1 dB. In group B, the relevant values were 97.8 dB one month after surgery, and 98.0.dB three months later. Our presumption that stapedial muscle preservation is necessary has been proved by the fact that the patients with the preserved muscle had a higher noise discomfort threshold.