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Dietary fat manipulation and not apolipoprotein E (epsilon) genotype has a significant impact on cytokine production – insights from the SATgenε study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2012

A. Koutsos ,
S. Lockyer ,
A. L. Carvalho-Wells ,
A. M. Minihane ,
K. G. Jackson  and
J. A. Lovegrove
A. Koutsos
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition & ICMR, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
S. Lockyer
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition & ICMR, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
A. L. Carvalho-Wells
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition & ICMR, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK now Division of Restorative Dental Services, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, WC1X 8LD, UK
A. M. Minihane
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition & ICMR, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK now Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
K. G. Jackson
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition & ICMR, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
J. A. Lovegrove
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition & ICMR, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
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Abstract

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It is recognised that polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein (APO)E (epsilon) gene play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk( Reference Song, Stampfer and Liu 1 ). In addition to modestly higher plasma cholesterol, a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been reported in carriers of the APOE4 allele( Reference Jofre-Monseny, Minihane and Rimbach 2 ). Our aim was to explore the impact of chronic dietary fat manipulation on cytokines production according to APOE genotype.

Fifty two healthy participants (mean age 50 (sd 9) y and BMI 26.4 (sd 4.3) kg/m2) were prospectively recruited according to APOE genotype (n=26 E3/E3 and n=26 E3/E4), and assigned to three iso-energetic diets; low fat (LF, 24% energy (E) from fat, 8%E saturated fat (SFA)), high fat-high saturated fat (HSF, 38%E fat, 18%E SFA), and HSF with 3 g/d docosahexaenoic (HSF-DHA) diets, each for an 8-wk period in a sequential design. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of each of the intervention diets. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in cell free supernatants derived from whole blood culture assays stimulated for 24 h with either 0.05 or 1 μg/ml of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using a cytokine multiplex antibody bead kit (Invitrogen)( Reference Chowdhury, Williams and Johnson 3 ). Cytokine production was corrected for the number of monocytes in the whole blood cultures.

Effect of dietary fat manipulation on cytokine production (pg per 103 monocytes) by 0.05 μg/ml LPS-stimulated whole blood cultures of fifty two healthy subjects. NS, not significant. a,bMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P⩽0.05).

No diet*genotype interactions were found, although a significant diet interaction was observed for TNF-α and IL-10 production after stimulation with 0.05 μg/ml LPS (P=0.012 and P=0.036 respectively) and 1 μg/ml LPS (P=0.006, P=0.049). TNF-α concentrations were higher (P⩽0.05) after the HSF diet compared with the baseline, whereas IL-10 was higher (P⩽0.05) after the LF diet compared with the baseline and HSF-DHA diet. Our study data suggests a greater sensitivity of monocyte cytokine production to the quality and quantity of dietary fat, than APOE genotype in healthy participants.

References

1. Song, YQ, Stampfer, MJ & Liu, SM (2004) Ann Intern Med 141, 137–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Jofre-Monseny, L, Minihane, AM & Rimbach, G (2008) Mol Nutr Food Res 52, 131–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Chowdhury, F, Williams, A & Johnson, P (2009) J Immunol Methods 340, 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar