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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2021

Geneviève Dorais
Geneviève Dorais
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Montréal

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Chapter
Information
Journey to Indo-América
APRA and the Transnational Politics of Exile, Persecution, and Solidarity, 1918–1945
 , pp. 257 - 266
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Acción Democrática, 9
activists
pacifist, 16. See also pacifism
solidarity, 16
Addams, Jane, 138, 140
advocacy campaign, 25, 136, 140, 142, 189
anti-aprista propaganda, 165–167
by exiled Apristas, 162–165, 201–203
informational politics, 164
agrarian reform, 66
Alania, Gerardo, 158
Alegría, Ciro, 212
alienation, 58, 225
alliance, multi-class, 11, 13
allies, 8, 16, 21, 24–25, 29, 52–53, 61, 63, 155, 197, 215
Christian, 28–29, 154
Communist, 90
continental, 215
foreign, 57, 61, 148, 151, 168–169, 176, 188, 197, 212, 223, 226, 228
Indo-American, 188
international, 186, 207, 212
pacifist, 154
reliance on, 171, 226
Amauta, 87–88, 100
América Hispana. See Hispanic America
Amnesty Law, 149–150, 153, 155
anarchism, 53
Anglo Peruvian college. See Colegio Anglo-Peruano
anti-imperialism, 10, 14, 23, 180, 219, 226
as democratic liberties, 200
ideology, 5, 8–9
Latin American, 18
nationalist, 225
political project, 6
state, 11
struggles, 4–5, 18, 74, 180, 185, 192
theses, 9–10, 17, 64, 79, 85, 214, 232
thinkers, 4, 19, 78, 224
anti-imperialist
advocates, 65
and anti-oligarchic doctrine, 219
and moderate leftist movement, 151
continental aspirations, 217
forces, 90, 92
leagues, 86
movement, 56–57, 127, 140, 213, 220
nature of APRA, 180
peers, 133
policies, 84
principles of the 1920s, 183
project, 29, 82, 102
project of hemispheric unity, 193, 195, 200, 227
resistance, 79, 185
stronghold, 76
studies centres, 78
thinker, 56
Anti-Imperialist League of the Americas (LADLA). Voir Liga Antimperialistas de las Américas (LADLA), 86
anti-imperialists
US, 181
anti-oligarchic party, 231
anti-oligarchic state, 222
anti-oligarchical
forces of Peru, 88
APRA Rebelde, 232
aprismo, 86, 101, 115–117, 119–120, 125, 151, 154, 159, 161, 192, 219–220, 226
Arévalo, Manuel, 161
Argentina, 29, 31, 47, 77, 81, 107, 133, 161, 170, 191–192, 194–195, 208
Aristocratic Republic, 103
arrest, 127
arbitrary, 123–125, 132, 158
of Haya de la Torre, 128, 131, 138, 144
Autentico, party, 9
avant-garde, 32, 39, 46
Baldwin, Roger, 142, 167–168
Beals, Carleton, 138, 170, 176–177
Benavides, Oscar, 132, 143, 148–151, 153–155, 164–165
anti-Benavides propaganda, 155–157, 160–162, 166, 201–203, 228
as Fascist government, 189
protests to, 169
Berlin, 80
Berrios, Gerardo, 158
Bolívar, Simón, 3, 144, 200, 224
Bolivia, 9, 47, 56, 77, 157, 242
Bolshevik Party, 41
Brazil, 31, 47, 174, 176
Brown, Barrett, 139
Brum, Blanca Luz, 76–77, 88
Buenos Aires, 2, 72, 76–77, 80–81, 98, 155, 195, 212
Canada, 233
CAP of Buenos Aires, 157, 160, 164, 174
CAP of California, 162
CAP of Mexico, 157, 210
CAP of México, 161
CAP of Santiago, 149, 157–158, 160, 191
capitalism, 10–11, 91–94, 104
Cárdenas Castro, José Félix, 77
Caribbean, 4, 78, 219
countries, 84
Catholic Church, 30, 34, 36, 42–44
CCLA. See Committee on Cooperation in Latin America (CCLA)
censorship, 63, 171
Central America, 4, 219
Central American
countries, 84
Chile, 31, 47, 76, 103, 145–146, 149, 161, 191, 195, 200, 204, 206, 208, 211–212, 221
Peruvian ambassador to, 158–159
Christian
actors, 141
intermediaries, 74
mentors, 64–65, 67, 71
pacifist groups, 82
pacifists, 26, 137, 223
readership, 178
social activists, 177
social justice activists, 16, 19
sponsors, 70
Christian missionary movement, 35
Cisneros, Fernán, 77
civilismo, 164
civilista forces, 162
Codesido, Julia, 48, 51, 59
Cold War, 15, 231
Colegio Anglo-Peruano, 37–39, 41–42, 46, 48, 52, 148, 172–173
Colombia, 133, 135, 221
colonialism
anti-colonial, 79, 224
anti-colonial activists, 75
anti-colonial struggles, 50
colonial oppression, 79
colonial period, 27, 36, 93, 194
mental, 2, 30, 50, 194
resistance, 3–4, 185
semi-colonial, 180
Comintern, 90–91, 93, 142
anti, 90
Comité Aprista de California. See CAP of California
Comité Aprista de México, 90. See CAP of Mexico
Comité Aprista de Santiago. See CAP of Santiago
Comité Aprista of Buenos Aires. See CAP of Buenos Aires
Comité Ejecutivo Nacional del PAP. See National Executive Committee (CEN) of PAP
Committee on Cooperation in Latin America (CCLA), 34–35, 39–40, 43, 177
communism, 9–10, 18, 25, 38, 41–43, 53, 68, 90, 125, 137, 180, 200, 207, 217, 219, 225
fighting, 141
non, 14
rejection of, 143
resistance to, 141
Russian, 42
communist, 108, 111
affiliations, 124
anti, 8, 130, 141–142, 175, 223
credentials, 63
indoctrination, 68
initial inclinations, 142
movement in Europe, 88
movement in Mexico, 67
networks, 67
organizer, 65, 68
organizers, 67–68
Communist Party of Peru (PCP), 87, 99, 108, 110, 141
community
Aprista, 99, 101
continental, 30
diasporic, 76
imagined continental, 188
imagined global, 227
Indo-American, 201
international, of nations, 143
of exiled Apristas, 154–156, 160–162
of support, 61, 136, 154
shared, 80
transnational APRA, 79
Community Church of New York, 141
continental integration, 225–226
continental nationalism, 4, 20, 27, 224
continental program. See maximum program, Voir maximum program
Convivencia (1956–1962), 231
cooperation
continental, 200
internationalist, 29
correspondence, 16, 22, 46–48, 58, 61, 64, 72–73, 75, 99–100, 133, 136, 141, 171, 173–175, 181, 208
cosmic race, 94
Cossío del Pomar, Felipe, 77, 171, 212
Costa Rica, 9, 57, 77–78, 132–133, 135, 250
Cox, Carlos Manuel, 11, 77, 111, 119, 144, 171, 179, 192
crisis of leadership, 95–102, 208–213, 226, 231–232
Cuba, 9, 57, 64, 78, 84, 206, 224
de Dios Merel, Juan, 77
de la Fuente, Nicanor A., 100
de la Torre, Ricardo Martínez, 99
de Vivero, Fernando León, 11
del Mazo, Gabriel, 208
Delmar, Serafín, 32, 77, 167
Democratic Front North-Indo-American, 199
Dewey, John, 138
diaspora, 23
diasporic networks, 174
of anti-imperialist thinkers, 222
dictatorships, 25
diversity
racial and ethnic, 193
Dominican Republic, 9
Dorich Torres, Luis, 171
Duhamel, Georges, 139
Ecuador, 31, 144, 158
Eguiguren, Luis Antonio, 201
El Salvador, 57, 77
Elmore, Edwin, 48, 51
Emergency Law, 124, 127, 131
England, 57, 62–63, 68, 71–73, 107, 139
Enríquez, Luis Eduardo, 103, 149
Europe, 2–3, 8–10, 16, 21, 24, 26, 40–41, 43, 46–47, 51, 58, 71, 79–80, 88, 104, 107–108, 115, 120, 138–140, 162, 170, 197, 203, 222, 230
exile, 2, 8, 11, 14–16, 21–25, 33, 52, 71, 79–80, 104–105, 107, 109, 112, 115, 125, 127, 142, 144–145, 151, 154, 169, 174–175, 184, 209, 223
back from, 117
coming of age in, 55–83, 120
discourse, 120
formative value, 110, 207
foundation in, 117
hardships, 58–61, 71–74, 158–159, 188
heuristic value, 85
imagining Indo-América, 190–192
innovative political strategies, 184
intellectuals (Edward Said), 107
interwar communities, 222
La Tribuna in, 145–146
literature of, 16
lived experience, 58, 82–83, 85, 105, 111–116, 119, 130, 185, 217, 222, 224, 227
opportunities, 180
post-revolutionary Mexico, 66–68, 161
self-transformations, 81
Eyzaguirre, Carlo Alberto, 158
Fascism, 137, 189, 200, 207, 215–216
advances in the Americas, 189
European, 8, 183, 198
Fascist intervention, 183
in the Americas, 189
resistance to, 199, 203
rise in Latin America, 203
rise of European, 197, 230
Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), 46–48
foreign policy
US, 178, 185, 196
France, 57, 77, 81, 107, 115, 139, 155, 157, 162, 169, 171, 222
Frank, Waldo, 138
Free Church of Scotland, 34, 36–38, 41–42, 53
Frontón, el, 156, 186
García Calderón, Francisco, 169
García Monge, Joaquín, 132, 140
García, Alan, 220–221
gender, 82
metaphor, 74
Germany, 1, 57
Goicochea, Eduardo, 170–171, 174
González Prada Popular Universities, 31, 88
Good Neighbor Policy, 8, 182, 196, 198, 203, 217, 229
Graves, Anna Melissa, 24, 28, 46–53, 58–67, 69–76, 81–82, 136–143, 154, 169–170, 181, 223
info conveyor, 171–176
Greene Balch, Emily, 140
Grieve Madge, Alberto, 160, 162, 205
Grito de Córdoba, 100
Grupo de Lima, 91, 101
Grupo de México, 67, 90–91, 97
Haiti, 9, 84
Haya de la Torre, Agustín
solidarity with, 169
Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl, 1, 9, 12, 19, 22–24, 28–29, 36, 44–46, 48–49, 51, 55–87, 90–91, 93, 108, 110, 112, 126–130, 145, 150–152, 166–167, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 190, 193, 198–200, 202, 208, 223, 225–226, 228
alliance with Prado, 231
as a symbol in Latin America, 151–152
individual-centric studies, 183–184
in hiding, 206
international reputation, 143–148
Latin American solidarity with, 131–136
overthrow of, 209–212
political strife with Mariátegui, 95–102
solidarity with, 136–143, 168
Hayista faction, 14, 17, 25, 125–126, 130, 142–143, 145, 147, 151, 185–186, 191, 194–195, 201, 203, 206–208, 211, 213, 223, 227–228
hemispheric history, 17, 222
Herrera, Oscar, 36, 77, 198
Herring, Hubert, 138
Heysen, Luis, 77, 80, 171, 211
Hidalgo, Alberto, 98, 171
Hispanic America, 3, 39, 232
Hispanicidad, 4. See Hispanic America
Hispano-América, 93, 183
Hobson, John A., 9
Holmes, John Haynes, 141
homecoming, 25, 86, 102, 105, 109, 118, 149, 227
Hurwitz, Jacobo, 77
identity
collective, 82, 224
continental, 79
individual, 82
Indo-Latin, 134
Latin American, 183
utopian, 28
imagined community, 26
imagining Indo-América, 55–83
imperialism, 10–11, 27, 91, 104
critiques of US, 226
economic, 9, 198
Fascist, 203, 213
foreign, 29, 189
resistance to, 141
US, 2, 4, 8, 19, 25, 64, 78, 93, 99, 104, 178–180, 184, 189, 195, 197, 213, 219, 224, 229
yankee, 195
Imperialism
economic, 2
imperialist
dangers, 84
Nazi threat, 182
penetration, 85
penetration of the Americas, 189
realities in Latin America, 121
Incahuasi, 206
independences, 27, 200, 215
Indian, 65, 93
Peru, 92
Indigenismo, 6
Indigenist movement, 92, 94. See Indigenismo
Indigenous
agency, 94–95, 187, 194
as revolutionary actors, 93
masses, 65
Native Americans in the Americas, 187
of descent, 104
of Peru, 66
peasant masses, 90
people, 6–7, 25
peoples in Peru, 187
peoples of the Americas, 216
population, 93
population of Peru, 176
population of Peru, integration, 187
populations, 56, 79, 95
question, 66, 214
subjects in the Americas, 195
telluric framing, 187–188
to the Americas, 109
vindication of, 217, 232
Indoamérica, 78
Indo-América, 1–3, 5–8, 12, 14, 16–17, 22, 25, 31, 79, 81, 102, 121, 214, 216–217
against Communism and Fascism, 207
against Fascism, 188–191, 216
as historical conscioussness, 194–195
as north–south conciliations, 232
as political instrument, 185–187, 216, 226
as utopia, 226
competing visions, 95, 208–209, 225
consolidation, 182–185, 192–193, 226–230
cooperation with North America, 198
critiques of, 193–194
imagined community, 12
imagining, 222–224
radical legacy, 232
rapprochement with the US, 200–201
resistance against Fascism, 188–191, 230–231
spiritual progress, 200
Indo-American
advocates, 53
brothers, 186
champions, 188, 193
flag, 68
project, 232
republics, 222
resistance, 68
solidarity, 144
thinkers, 192
Indoamericanismo, 193. See Indo-América
Indo-Iberian America, 79
Ingenieros, José, 33, 72
Inman, Samuel G., 41, 168, 196
Inter-American conference
Buenos Aires (1936), 203, 205, 207
Lima (1938), 203–207
Inter-American institutions
collaboration with, 207
Inter-American relations, 35, 216
intermediaries, 83, 111
APRA exiles, 146
APRA exiles as, 144
Christian, 62–63, 68, 137, 171–176, 181, 196
family members as, 172
foreign diplomats, 172
Hayista faction, 213
US, 170
International Committee for Political Prisoners, 142, 167–168
internationalism, 18, 39, 49, 51–53, 87, 121, 126, 151, 206, 213, 221, 232
interwar, 13
interwar period, 1, 3, 5, 16, 19, 23, 27, 47, 53, 137, 194, 206, 222, 225
Iraola, Pedro R., 159
James, Earle K., 176–177
jefe máximo, 66
Jiménez, Gustavo, 109
Kellogg, Paul, 138
Köster Cornejo, Enrique, 77
Kuomintang, 90
La Paz, 78, 212
La Reforma. See student reform movement
Latin American Union (ULA). See Unión Latino Americana (ULA)
Latinism, 79
League of Nations, 202
Leguía, 37, 43, 59, 81, 86, 102–103, 108, 113, 227
Leninism, 10
Liberación Nacional, 9
liberation campaign
in favour of Haya de la Torre, 136
Liga Antimperialistas de las Américas (LADLA), 74, 86
Lima Group. See Grupo de Lima
Logan, Jane, 37
London, 13, 39, 62, 71–72, 138, 248
Lovestone, Jay, 68
Mackay, John A., 24, 26, 28–29, 34–44, 46–51, 53, 58–64, 67, 69–70, 83, 136–141, 177, 196, 223
Mariátegui, José Carlos, 9, 36, 41, 76, 86–90, 95, 108–109, 112, 141, 225
political strife with Haya de la Torre, 95–102
Martí, José, 224–225
Marx, Karl. marxism, 9
Marxism, 6, 180
Latin American, 10, 108
Marxist interpretations, 6
Marxist
debates, 96
intellectual baggage, 88
interpretation, 97
Mariátegui’s interpretations, 94
theories, 68
theorists, 96
thinker, 87
mass-based party, 24, 87, 163
masses
mass movement, 150
of Peru, 96
Peruvian, 102
maximum program, 8, 167, 182–184, 186, 188, 191, 203, 207–208, 213, 230
Mendoza, Humberto, 76
Mexican Communist Party, 67
Mexico, 7, 31, 47, 50, 57–63, 77–78, 81, 93, 96, 133, 135, 191, 204, 206, 221–222
Mexico City, 2, 58, 63–69, 71, 77, 161, 206
middle-class, 27, 87, 90–91
in the Americas, 189
middle sectors of Peru, 91, 111, 163
middle sectors, 8
military coup, 102, 109
minimum program, 104
Miró Quesada, César Alfredo, 77
missionaries, 17, 24, 27, 35
Christian, 40, 46, 52, 58, 62, 172, 223
Protestant, 42–46
missionary, 26, 34
circles to Latin America, 139
leaders, 40
Presbyterian leader, 34
Protestant, 61, 173
work in Latin America, 34
Mistral, Gabriela, 140
Modernists
Latin American, 200
modernity, 16, 26, 28, 33, 221
Monroe Doctrine, 196–197
Montevideo, 195
moral crisis, 27, 30
moral regeneration, 28, 137
Moscow, 69
Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, 9
Muñiz, Pedro E., 11, 144, 192, 212
Muños, Leoncio, 158
myth, 56, 66
mythology (aprista), 56
National Catholic Welfare Conference, 141
National Congress, First
of PAP, 118–120
national continentalism, 87. See continental nationalism
National Evangelical Churches, 35
National Executive Committee (CEN) of PAP, 111, 204, 211–212
and international public opinion, 143–148
in disarray, 129–131
return of APRA exiles, 148–151
nationalism, 18, 28–29, 38, 44, 49–52, 87, 91, 98, 121, 180, 206, 227
anti-colonial, 93
Latin American, 219
nationalist sentiments, 26
Peruvian, 175
revolutionary, 121
nationalist, 98
aspirations, 98
party (1930s–1940s), 220
positions, 66
program, 176
sentiments, 28, 47, 50
wars, 39
national-popular party, 86
Nazism, 182, 200, 203, 230
neocolonial
oppression, 79
neoliberalism, 233
Alan García’s agenda, 221
Nerval, Mario, 101
New Deal, 137, 177
New York City, 78, 97, 205, 212
Nicaragua, 84
North American Institute, 47
Nuestra América, 79, 191–192, 225
Nueva Democracia
critiques of US imperialism, 180
Obregón, Álvaro, 65, 250
oligarchic
minorities, 27
power(s), 27, 33
rule, 27
oligarchy, 11, 231
creole, 29, 125
national, 143
Oncenio, 36. See Leguía, Augusto B.
oppression
class, 93
oppressed people of the continent, 186
race, 93
Orrego, Antenor, 190, 212
Ortodoxo, party, 9
Our America. See Nuestra América
Oxford, 76, 80
pacifism, 18, 44, 46–49, 53, 175. See activists, pacifist
absolute, 175
Christian, 28
pacifist
activists, 139–140
agenda, 64
Christian, 44
circles, 28
lessons, 41
organizations, 46
positions, 67
pacifists, 24, 53
Christian, 28. See Voir Christian pacifists
internationalist, 223
religious, 27
Pan-América, 93
Pan-Americanism, 3, 7, 39, 196, 199, 226
APRA’s changing worldviews, 196
critiques of, 205
visions, 3
Pan-American order, 204
Panama, 9, 64, 157–158, 195, 221
Panama Canal, 9
Pan-American
policies, 84
Pan-Latin American
consciousness, 16
resistance, 94
Paraguay, 9
Paris, 2, 74–75, 77–78, 80, 100, 103, 138, 171, 195
Partido Febrerista, 9
Partido Nacionalista Libertador. See Partido Nacionalista Peruano (PNL)
Partido Nacionalista Peruano (PNL), 89–92, 96
Partido Revolucionario Dominicano, 9
patria chica, 93
Patria Nueva, 103
Pavletich, Esteban, 77
peace, 26, 41, 46–47, 51–52, 58, 62, 70, 80, 89, 133, 138, 140, 160, 166, 203, 205, 210. See pacifism
Peace Society, 47
persecution, 2, 8, 14, 24–25, 52, 59, 63, 89, 113, 115, 120–121, 125, 127, 132, 142–143, 148, 154, 156, 162–163, 168, 170, 173–174, 184–185, 188, 190, 199, 217, 222, 225, 228, 230
publicizing, 188
renewed, 126–131
resistance to, 213
Peruvian student federation, 31
Petrovick, Julián, 111, 119, 180
poets, 27, 32, 88
radical, 224
Popular Front, 229
Popular Universities. See González Prada
populism, 233
APRA as major populist movement, 163
Latin American (1930–1960), 12–14, 233
national-popular agenda, 151
populist force, 153
populist movement, 2, 151
populist right, 183
populist
APRA, 125, 163
movement, 126–127, 233
phase, 121
project, 29
Porras Barrenechea, Raúl, 36
Portal, Magda, 11, 32, 77, 84–85, 105–106, 108, 111, 119, 171, 174, 192, 199–200, 208, 214
solidarity movement with, 169
Portocarrero, Julio, 99
Prado Ugarteche, Manuel, 154, 190, 231
Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 34, 140
Princeton Theological Seminary, 34, 36
prison, 59, 114, 163, 174–175
international observers, 202, 206–207
programa mínimo. See minimum program
proletarian class, 11
proletariat, 90
Protestantism, 37, 42, 245
circles, 63
community in Lima, 172
Latin America, 35
missionaries. See missionaries
public opinion, 155, 181, 206
campaigns, 191
civilized, 229
continental, 156, 192, 200, 217, 229
in Peru and the Americas, 165
Inter-American, 204
international, 125, 143, 148, 151, 155, 181, 188
Latin American, 196
outside Peru, 148
racial mysticism, 187
racism, 40–41
Ravines, Eudacio, 81
Reforma, 100, 223. See Student reform movement
Reform-minded students, 31–33, 36, 46, 89, 106, 223
revolution
anti-imperialist, 92
continental, 33
for Peru and the Americas, 175
Mexican, 4, 65–66, 179
of the spirits, 33
social, 112
socialist, 11, 91–92, 94, 101
spiritual, 28, 52
Trujillo. See Trujillo uprising
violent, 70
Ribeiro Ibáñez, Samuel, 172
Ribeiro, Maria Rosa, 172–174
Río de Janeiro, 176
Ritchie, John, 37
Robb, Margaret, 48, 61
Rojas Zevallos, 97
Alejandro, 97–100
Rojas, Enrique, 170–171, 174, 176
Rolland, Romain, 49–50, 55, 59, 63, 80, 139, 169, 202
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 203, 214–215
as champion of democracy, 205
exert pressure on, 206
improved US–Latin American relations, 196–198
Ruskin College, 63, 139
Russia, 41, 57, 63, 67–69, 220
Rycroft, Margaret, 172–174, 176
Rycroft, W. Stanley, 41, 44, 48, 173, 178
Sabogal, José, 48
Sabroso Montoya, Arturo, 144, 149, 211, 215
Samanez Ocampo, David, 109
San José, 77
San Salvador, 197
sancherristas, 108, 111
Sánchez Cerro, Luis Miguel, 81, 102, 108–109, 124–128, 143, 145, 147, 156, 160
assassination, 132, 148
Sánchez, Luis Alberto, 78, 144, 157, 159, 167, 169, 171, 175, 177, 179, 195, 212, 214
Sandino, Augusto César, 78, 143
Santa Ana, 77
Santiago de Chile, 77, 145, 158, 195, 210
Santo Domingo, 84
See National Executive Committee (CEN) of PAP, 103, 112–113, 116–119, 130, 151
Seoane, Manuel, 11, 77, 106, 111, 119, 144, 171, 180, 212
Social Democratic Party, 201
social-democratic
Alan García’s agenda, 221
socialism, 18, 53, 86, 93, 98–99, 101, 180, 225
Indo-American, 92–93
socialist
ideas, 97
idiom, 68
party, 92, 101
peers, 121
peers in Peru, 103
theories, 98
Socialist Party of Peru, 41, 99–100, 108
solidarity, 9, 23, 42, 100
activists, 133, 136, 138, 143, 168, 200, 217, 223, 226
anti-imperialist, 194
campaign, 137
campaigns, 170, 181, 185, 188
continental, 16, 24, 27, 30–31, 134–135, 144–145, 182–183, 199, 204, 213, 230
ethos, 232
ethos of Latin American, 232
hemispheric, 224
Indigenous, 187
Indo-American, 5, 102, 209, 229
international, 8, 14, 18, 125, 131, 142
Latin, 135
Latin American, 2, 78, 125, 136, 175, 185, 188, 216, 221, 227, 229
limitations, 234
messages of, 211
networks, 6, 8, 15, 25, 58, 67, 74, 82, 125, 141, 151, 154, 169, 184, 222, 226, 228, 233
of action, 100, 186
practice, 208
protest, 78, 169
symbol of, 133
trans-American, 19, 126
transnational, 2, 20, 24–25
with APRA, 132
with Haya de la Torre, 136–143, 168, 211
with the oppressed, 195
sovereignty, 2
continental, 79
economic, 187
Latin America, 2
Latin American, 102, 135, 142, 151, 184, 187
national, 4, 91
of Indo-American nations, 214
of Peru, 97, 134
spiritual, 2, 135
Spain, 115, 139
Spanish Civil War, 203
Speer, Robert E., 34
spiritual regeneration, 33, 40, 50
student
activist, 24
activists, 85, 224
Student Federation of Peru, 45
student reform movement, 24, 27–34, 38, 40, 43, 45, 51, 59, 64
students, 27, 31, 59
Reform-minded, 27–29. See student reform movement
students, 32
protests, 45
symbolic capital, 25, 114, 126, 133, 143, 228
symbolic politics, 64, 226
Terreros, Nicolás, 77
Third International, 9, 41
Thomson, Charles, 139, 196
totalitarian regimes, 137, 230
totalitarianism, 214
Townsend Ezcurra, Andrés, 115, 214
travel narratives, 105, 107, 111–115
regional differences, 115
travel trope. See travel narratives
Trujillo uprising, 128–129
Ugarte, Manuel, 64, 140
Unamuno, Miguel de, 139
Unión Latino Americana (ULA), 74
Union of Democratic Control, 47
United Front, 75, 90–91
United States, 2, 5, 7, 9, 16, 22, 24, 34–35, 43–44, 49–50, 57, 60–61, 63, 78, 104, 107, 138, 141, 155, 157, 162, 167–168, 177–180, 182, 189, 191, 196–199, 203, 206, 215, 222, 229, 231, 233
administrative cadres, 103
anti-imperialists, 19
APRA in the, 180
as lesser evil, 197
expansionism (US), 56, 79, 90, 142
historical actors, 218
intervention in Peruvian affairs, 213–214
pro-US sentiments, 215
US expansionnism, 33
unity
continental, 2, 51, 102, 193
grassroots, 200
hemispheric, 6, 21, 28, 30, 33, 39, 51, 53, 79–80, 94, 102, 136, 183, 185, 187–188, 200, 222, 224–227, 229–230
hemispheric and anti-imperialist, 184
Indo-American, 217
international, 19
Latin American, 3–5, 12, 23, 26, 138, 225, 227
Latin America's, 79
symbol of antifascist, 205
Unity
hemispheric, 2
University of Córdoba, 29
uprisings
aprista, 153
Uruguay, 47, 195
utopia
continental, 226
geography, 223
of continental solidarity, 182
of Indigenous resistance, 187
social, 232
vision for the Americas, 225
utopias, 33, 65, 119
Vallejo, César, 77
Valparaiso, 149
Valverde, Jorge, 158
vanguard
Peruvian, 27, 53, 90–93, 95–96, 99–100, 102, 226
artists, 88
association, 108
elements of Peru, 118
forces of Peru, 88
Vasconcelos, José, 31, 94, 140, 187
Vásquez Díaz, Manuel, 77, 171
Vasquez Lapeyre, Alfonso, 209–211
Velasco Alvarado, Juan, 220
Venezuela, 9
Villanueva, Victor, 115
war, 28
Western civilization, 26, 28, 30, 51, 137
Western Hemisphere, 28, 34, 40–41, 50, 53, 137, 177–178, 196–197, 199, 203, 205, 207, 215–216, 220, 223, 230, 232
Western history, 92
Wolfe, Bertram, 65, 67–68
Wolfe, Ella, 67
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 47
workers, 11, 31–32, 37, 41, 44–45, 49, 59, 66, 70, 88–91, 110, 215
World War
First, 4, 26–27, 46, 137, 223
post-Second, 163
Second, 182, 217
YMCA, 34, 62
Zapata, Emiliano, 66

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  • Index
  • Geneviève Dorais, Université du Québec à Montréal
  • Book: Journey to Indo-América
  • Online publication: 30 July 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108937030.010
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  • Index
  • Geneviève Dorais, Université du Québec à Montréal
  • Book: Journey to Indo-América
  • Online publication: 30 July 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108937030.010
Available formats
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  • Index
  • Geneviève Dorais, Université du Québec à Montréal
  • Book: Journey to Indo-América
  • Online publication: 30 July 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108937030.010
Available formats
×