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6 - Warfare

from Part I - Global developments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

Benjamin Z. Kedar
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Summary

This chapter examines why wars were fought, by whom, and how, including questions of recruitment, equipment, and organization of armed forces as well as strategy, tactics, and logistics. It introduces an early example of steppe empire building, followed by examination of three civilizations that had to address the problem of attacks from the steppe: China, Persia, and Byzantium. The chapter examines the history of the two great agro-urban empires of the West and the Middle East, Rome and Persia. In the mid-thirteenth century, Europeans met two strong new adversaries who proved fully a match for them: the Mongols, who won crushing victories in Hungary and Poland, and the Mamluks, who defeated Louis IX's great effort to seize Egypt, beat even the Mongols at 'Ayn Jalut in 1260 and finally eliminated the last remnants of the Frankish States in the Levant.
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Chapter
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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References

Further reading

Al-Jahiz, , “The Virtues of the Turk,” in Nine Essays of al-Jahiz, trans. Hutchins, William M.. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 1989.Google Scholar
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Bachrach, Bernard. Early Carolingian Warfare. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.Google Scholar
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France, John. Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000–1300. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Friday, Kar. Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan. London: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
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Halsall, Guy. The History and the Life of Chinggis Khan (The Secret History of the Mongols), trans. Onon, Urgunge, Leiden: Brill, 1990.Google Scholar
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Kennedy, Hugh. The Army of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London: Taylor and Francis, 2001.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. “The Military Revolution and the Early Islamic State,” in Christie, Niall and Yazigi, Maya (eds.), Noble Ideals and Bloody Realities. Leiden: Brill, 2006.Google Scholar
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Morillo, Stephen, Black, Jeremy, and Lococo, Paul. War in World History: Society, Technology and War from Ancient Times to the Present, vol. i. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2008.Google Scholar
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Zakeri, Moshen. Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1995.Google Scholar

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