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Chapter 18 - Neurobiological factors underlying psychosocial moderators of childhood stress and trauma

from Section 2 - Biological approaches to early life trauma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2011

By
Ozbay Fatih ,
Sharma Vansh ,
Kaufman Joan ,
McEwen Bruce ,
Charney Dennis  and
Steven Southwick
Edited by
Ruth A. Lanius ,
Eric Vermetten  and
Clare Pain
Ruth A. Lanius
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
Eric Vermetten
Affiliation:
Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
Clare Pain
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Summary

This chapter discusses resilience as a psychological construct, and describes some of the neurobiological and psychosocial features that are believed to characterize stress-resilient individuals. It reviews the current understanding regarding the neurobiology of stress resilience, including neurocircuitry, neurochemistry and the role of gene-environment interactions. The chapter deals with a consideration of information-processing theory and a discussion of the neurobiological basis of social support in the development of stress resilience. The neurocircuitry of stress resilience consists of a variety of brain structures intimately involved in mediating the stress response, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Gene-environment interactions, as typified by the diathesis-stress model of illness, are important factors in the development of stress resilience. Different forms of social support have been shown to play a role in the development of stress resilience and in reversing stress-related adverse changes.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease
The Hidden Epidemic
 , pp. 189 - 199
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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