Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T00:16:57.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Sustaining wooden architectural heritage

from Part I - Sustainable Development: Theories and Practices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2021

Pak Sum Low
Affiliation:
Xiamen University Malaysia
Get access

Summary

Sustaining tangible heritage has long been seen as a key undertaking to maintain our sense of place and links with the past. This is well understood, yet at times the preservation of buildings and monuments in the face of environmental change has been neglected. Even the IPCC has paid scant attention to the impact of climate change on material heritage. Significant buildings and historic sites can be seen as a resource to promote tourism and attract funding, without a true awareness of the need to treat them as irreplaceable. This chapter looks at two important religious sites with notable wooden buildings, which are under threat from environmental change. Additionally, attack by insects or mould and the frequency of forest fires can be affected by a changing climate. Beyond this, shifts in the local environment can alter our experience of heritage ensembles. This requires improved scientific understanding and thoughtful approaches to long-term management.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ACA (1998) Shrines and Temples of Nikkō. WHC Nomination Documentation, Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan. Submission to World Heritage Centre. http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/913.pdfGoogle Scholar
Alexander, K. N. A. (2007) Atlantopsocus adustus (Hagen) (Psoc.: Psocidae) new to Britain from East Cornwall. Entomological Record, 119(76), 51.Google Scholar
Allen, J. M., Terres, M. A., Katsuki, T., Iwamoto, K., Kobori, H., Higuchi, H., Primack, R. B., Wilson, A. M., Gelfand, A. and Silander, J. A. (2013) Modeling daily flowering probabilities: expected impact of climate change on Japanese cherry phenology. Global Change Biology, 20, 1,2511,263.Google Scholar
Bernardi, E., Bowden, D. J., Brimblecombe, P., Kenneally, H. and Morselli, L. (2009). The effect of uric acid on outdoor copper and bronze. Science of the Total Environment, 407, 2,3832,389.Google Scholar
Bird, I. L. (1880) Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. London, John Murray.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. (2010) Heritage climatology. In Lefevre, R.-A. and Sabbioni, C. (eds.), Climate Change and Cultural Heritage, pp. 57–54. Bari, Italy, Edipuglia.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. (2014) Refining climate change threats to heritage. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 3, 8593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. (2016) Visitor responses and climate change. In Lefevre, R.-A. and Sabbioni, C. (eds.), Cultural Heritage from Pollution to Climate Change, pp. 7380. Bari, Italy, Edipuglia.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. (2018) Policy relevance of small changes in climate with large impacts on heritage. In Lefevre, R.-A. and Sabbioni, C. (eds.), Cultural Heritage Facing Climate Change, pp. 2532. Bari, Italy, Edipuglia.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. and Brimblecombe, C. T. (2015) Trends in insect catch at historic properties. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16, 127133.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. and Hayashi, M. (2017) Perception of the relationship between climate change in Japan and traditional wooden heritage in Japan. In Dawson, T., Nimura, C., Lopez-Romero, E. and Daire, M.-Y. (eds.), Public Archaeology and Climate Change, pp. 288302. Barnsley, UK, Oxbow.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. and Hayashi, M. (2018) Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō. Heritage Science, 6(27).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. and Lankester, P. (2013) Long-term changes in climate and insect damage in historic houses. Studies in Conservation, 58(1), 1322.Google Scholar
Brimblecombe, P. and Querner, P. (2014) Webbing clothes moth catch and the management of heritage environments. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 96, 5057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carll, C. G. (2009) Decay Hazard (Scheffer) Index Values Calculated from 1971–2000 Climate Normal Data. Madison, WI, Department of Agriculture, FPL-GTR-179LESS.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, S. D. (1987) Sōgi in the East Country. Shirakawa Kikō. Monumenta Nipponica, 42, 167209.Google Scholar
CNIC (2018) Ruins of Earthquakes. Computer Network Information Centre of Chinese Academy of Sciences. http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/quake/ruins/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Collette, A. (2007) Climate change and world heritage: report on predicting and managing the impacts of climate change on world heritage and strategy to assist states parties to implement appropriate management responses. World Heritage Report, 22.Google Scholar
Correia, M. R., Lourenco, P. B. and Varum, H. (2015) Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture. London, Taylor and Francis Group.Google Scholar
Ding, Y., Mu, M., Zhang, J., Jiang, T., Zhang, T., Wang, C., Wu, L., Ye, B., Bao, M. and Zhang, S. (2016) Impacts of climate change on the environment, economy, and society of China. In Qin, D., Ding, Y. and Mu, M. (eds.), Climate and Environmental Change in China: 1951–2012, pp. 6992. Heidelberg, Springer Environmental Science and Engineering.Google Scholar
Dong, W., Mu, M. and Gao, X. (2016) Projections of climate change and its impacts. In Qin, D., Ding, Y. and Mu, M. (eds.), Climate and Environmental Change in China: 1951–2012, pp. 93106. Heidelberg, Springer Environmental Science and Engineering.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FDMA (2015) Fire: White Paper. Tokyo, Tokyo, Shobi, Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.Google Scholar
Fujihara, Y., Ode, M., Kojiri, T., Tomosugi, K. and Irie, H. (2006) Effects of global warming on the water resources of the Tone River basin. Proceedings of Hydraulic Engineering, 50, 367372 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
GDN (Guardian News and Media) (2014) Fake it to make it. Post Magazine. http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1627359/fake-it-make-itGoogle Scholar
Grossi, C. M., Brimblecombe, P. and Harris, I. (2007) Predicting long term freeze-thaw risks on Europe built heritage and archaeological sites in a changing climate. Science of the Total Environment, 377, 273281.Google Scholar
Grossi, C. M., Brimblecombe, P., Menéndez, B., Benavente, D., Harris, I. and Déqué, M. (2011) Climatology of salt transitions and implications for stone weathering. Science of the Total Environment, 409(2), 577–2,585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harada, M., Kigawa, R., Komine, Y. and Fujii, Y. (2014) Report on fumigation process conducted at Rin-noh-ji Temple. Hozonkagaku, 53, 215224 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Hayashi, M., Kigawa, R., Harada, M., Komine, Y., Kawanobe, W. and Ishizaki, T. (2012) Analysis on distribution of beetles captured by adhesive traps in some historic wooden buildings in Nikkō. Hozonkagaku, 51, 201209 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Hayashi, M., Komine, Y., Kigawa, R., Harada, M., Kawanobe, W. and Ishizaki, T. (2011) Methods and results of counting beetles captured by adhesive traps at historic buildings in Nikkō. Hozonkagaku, 50, 123132.Google Scholar
JMA (2014) Global Warming Projection, Vol. 8. Tokyo, Japan Meteorological Agency.Google Scholar
JMA (2016) Climate Change Monitoring Report 2015. Tokyo, Japan Meteorological Agency.Google Scholar
Kim, S., Tachikawa, Y., Nakakita, E., Yorozu, K. and Shiiba, M. (2011a) Climate change impact on river flow of the Tone River basin, Japan. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), 67, 185190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, T. G., Ra, J. B., Kang, S. M. and Wang, J. (2011b) Determination of decay hazard index (Scheffer index) in Korea for exterior above-ground wood. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 39, 531537.Google Scholar
Komine, Y., Harada, M., Nomura, M., Kigawa, R., Yamano, K., Fujii, Y., Fujiwara, Y. and Kawanobe, W. (2010) Survey of wood-boring anobiids at Rinnohji temple in Nikkō. Science for Conservation, 49, 173181 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Komine, Y., Harada, M., Saito, A., Saito, Y., Kigawa, R. and Fujii, Y. (2017) Report on a new insect monitoring method in wooden historic buildings in Nikkō. Science for Conservation, 56, 7788 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Komine, Y., Kigawa, R., Harada, M., Fujii, Y., Fujiwara, Y. and Kawanobe, W. (2009) Damage by a rare kind of anobiid, Priobium cylindricum, found during restoration work of Sanbutsu-do, Rinnohji temple in Nikkō. Science for Conservation, 48, 207213 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Lemaire, R. and Stovel, H. (1994) Nara Document on Authenticity. Paris, International Council on Monuments and Sites. https://www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdfGoogle Scholar
Luo, Y., Qin, D., Zhang, R., Wang, S. and Zhang, D. (2016) Climatic and environmental changes in China. In Qin, D., Ding, Y. and Mu, M. (eds.), Climate and Environmental Change in China: 1951–2012, pp. 2946. Heidelberg, Springer Environmental Science and Engineering.Google Scholar
Lupi, D., Jucker, C. and Colombo, M. (2013) Distribution and biology of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle Psacothea hilaris hilaris (Pascoe) in Italy. EPPO Bulletin, 43, 316322.Google Scholar
Markham, A., Osipova, E., Samuels, K. L. and Caldas, A. (2016) World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.Google Scholar
Marrion, C. E. (2016) More effectively addressing fire/disaster challenges to protect our cultural heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 20, 746749.Google Scholar
Mei, W. and Xie, S. P. (2016) Intensification of landfalling typhoons over the northwest Pacific since the late 1970s. Nature Geoscience, 9, 753757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2018) Significant Earthquake Database. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1Google Scholar
Okubo, T. (2016) Traditional wisdom for disaster mitigation in history of Japanese architectures and historic cities. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 20, 715724.Google Scholar
Oron, A., Liphschitz, N., Held, B. W., Galili, E., Klein, M., Linker, R. and Blanchette, R. A. (2016) Characterization of archaeological waterlogged wooden objects exposed on the hyper-saline Dead Sea shore. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 9, 7386.Google Scholar
Perrottet, T. (2017) The couple who saved China’s ancient architectural treasures before they were lost forever. Smithsonian Magazine (January). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/lovers-shanxi-saved-chinas-ancient-architectural-treasures-before-lost-forever-180961424Google Scholar
Sabbioni, C., Brimblecombe, P. and Cassar, M. (2010) The Atlas of Climate Change Impact on European Cultural Heritage: Scientific Analysis and Management Strategies. London, Anthem Press.Google Scholar
Sato, H. (1996) Basho’s Narrow Road: Spring and Autumn Passages. Berkeley, CA, Stone Bridge Press.Google Scholar
Shin, H. B. (2016) Economic transition and speculative urbanisation in China: gentrification versus dispossession. Urban Studies, 53, 471489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinhardt, N. S. (1994) Liao: An architectural tradition in the making. Artibus Asiae, 54, 539.Google Scholar
Stengaard Hansen, L., Akerlund, M., Grontoft, T., Rhyl-Svendsen, M., Schmidt, A., Bergh, J. and Vagn Jensen, K. (2012) Future pest status of an insect pest in museums, Attagenus smirnovi: Distribution and food consumption in relation to climate change. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 13, 2227.Google Scholar
Sugio, K. (2015) Large-scale disasters on world heritage and cultural heritage in Japan: Significant impacts and sustainable management cases. Landscape Research, 40, 748758.Google Scholar
Tian, X.-R., Shu, L.-F., Zhao, F.-J., Wang, M.-Y. and McRae, D. J. (2011) Future impacts of climate change on forest fire danger in northeastern China. Journal of Forestry Research, 22, 437446.Google Scholar
Tollefson, J. (2017) The wooden skyscrapers that could help to cool the planet. Nature, 545(7,654), 280282.Google Scholar
Usami, T. (1979) Study of historical earthquakes in Japan. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, 54, 399439.Google Scholar
Wakuda, Y. (1996) Wartime railways transport policies. Japan Railways and Transport Review, 8, 3235.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T., Kato, K., Fukumoto, S. and Eto, K. (2013) Vibration characteristics of Nikkō-zan Rin-noji temple Hondo for the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and its aftershocks. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 78, 521528.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T., Kato, K. and Tateishi, H. (2014) Applicability of a dynamic analysis model for Nikkō-zan Rin-noji temple Hondo based on observed seismic records during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, 20, 533538.Google Scholar
Watari, Y., Yamanaka, T., Asano, W. and Ishikawa, Y. (2002) Prediction of the life cycle of the west Japan type yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by numerical simulations. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 37, 559569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHC (World Heritage Centre) (2013) Wooden structures of Liao Dynasty – Wooden pagoda of Yingxian County Main Hall of Fengguo Monastery of Yixian County. Tentative Lists. Paris, UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5803/Google Scholar
Xinhua, (2004) Yingxian wooden pagoda to have fire fighters. Xinhua News Agency, 9 September. http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/106572.htmGoogle Scholar
Xu, X., Heath, T., Xia, Q. and Zhang, Y. (2015) Disaster prevention and mitigation strategies for architecture heritage concentrated areas in China. Archnet-IJAR, 9(1), 108121.Google Scholar
Yokota, T., Sakamoto, S., Tachibana, H. and Ishii, K. (2008) Numerical analysis and auralization of the ‘roaring dragon’ phenomenon by the FDTD method. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 73, 849856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuasa, N. (1966) The Narrow Road to the Deep North. London, Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×