Many different Zionists, articulating multiple versions of Zionism, formulated numerous visions of national, universal, and in some cases cosmic redemption. The range of these visions was quite broad – from the stormy, even angry and largely exclusivist messianism of Uri Zvi Greenberg, who demanded (as Anita Shapira put it) an “apocalypse now,” to the more placid writings of A. D. Gordon, deeply marked by his quasi-mystical, humanistic, and cosmic redemptive worldview.