This chapter focuses on an important and prevalent mechanism in Chinese state governance – campaign-style mobilization (CSM), especially in the form of political campaigns and large-scale mass movements. In Chapter 2, I discuss relations between the Chinese state and the Chinese bureaucracy, and their interdependence and tensions. The scale of governance and the long chain of command lead to the plague of bureaucratic problems in China’s governance. In Chapter 3, I argue that there are different modes of Chinese governance, ranging from tight-coupling, subcontracting, loose-coupling, to federalism, thus leading to a process of variable-coupling. Campaign-style mobilization, as this chapter will show, is a political tool for the centralized authority to tighten up political control during struggles against bureaucrats and it is an effective mechanism to induce shifts among different modes of governance. This chapter thus provides a conceptual link integrating the first three chapters of this book: interconnections among the mode of domination and the bureaucracy, shifts in different modes of governance in light of control rights, and the role of CSM in the interactive processes.