Index
Note: all numbers between ( ) imply a date. A further note concerns the use of ‘Athenians’ or Athens. For political or military actions undertaken by a polis, look for ‘Athenians, the’; when it concerns a physical space in the polis, such as the Cadmeia, look for ‘Thebes, Cadmeia’.
Acanthians, the
support from the Spartans, 124
Aeschines
Against Ctesiphon, 156
on Atheno-Theban alliance (339), 156
capture of Phyle an example, 347
criticism of Atheno-Theban alliance (339/8), 159
honorary decree for Phyle, 347
original golden shields at Delphi dedicated, 297
turned tables on Amphissans, 67
Agamemnon
emulation by Agesilaos, 37
Agasikles
of Aioladas’ family, 330
Agesilaos, 122
Boiotian campaign (378), 45
emulation of Agamemnon, 37
insistence on autonomia clause, 40
Koroneia (394), 38
Panhellenism, 37
protection Phoibidas, 43
Aioladas
family, 329
Aitolians, the
targeted by Athenians (426), 252
Akraiphnia
dedication at temple of Apollo Ptoios, 304
inclusion in Athenian Empire, 28
kouroi at temple of Apollo Ptoios, 303
re-arrangement kouroi at Apollo Ptoios temple, 307
temple of Apollo Ptoios, 303
temple of Apollo Ptoios peaking, 305
third century fish pricing list, 255
Alcibiades, 89
Alcmeonides
dedication at temple of Apollo Ptoios, Akraiphnia, 304
Alexander I of Macedon, 21
Alexander III of Macedon
alleged death (335), 70
ascension, 69
death, 72
decree for Theban exiles, 134
homogenised memory Persian Wars, 284
initial leniency to Thebes, 70
quell Theban rebellion (336), 69
returns Oropos to Athens (335), 223
sponsorship Plataia, 242
Alyzia, Battle of, 46
Amphiareion. See Oropos, Amphiareion
adjustment spatial dynamics, 372
apobates competition, 376
Athenian ephebes dedicate, 378
Athenocentricity of Amphiareia festival, 377
Boiotian cult regulations, 370
changes payment, 369
contracts, 368
crowning of Amphiaraos, 374
damnatio memoriae on Athenian dedications, 379
decree of Pandios, 368
decree of Pandios indicating Athenian control, 369
dedication Athenian Council, 377
dedicatory inscription stoa, 372
early history, 365
epimeletai, 374
honours for Phanodemos, 375
honours for Pytheas, 375
income, 369
lack of Boiotian presence at sanctuary (366-338)?, 370
lands in the Oropia, 376
new temple under Theban dominance, 371
organisers of Amphiareia among Athenian elite, 377
Oropian proxeny decrees (338-335), 373
placement decrees and honours, 375
political landscape post 379
priest, 369
regulations on sacrifice (387/6), 366
stoa, 371
use of Pentelic marble, 368
water works and political control, 375
Amphictyonic Council
possible exclusion medizers, 103
amphictyons, 67
Amphipolis
Athenian claim allegedly vindicated, 220
Athenian desideratum, 53
Athenians war with Philip of Macedon, 60
Brasidas’ campaign (424), 266
claim acknowledged by Persian King?, 55
Amphissans, the
charge Athenians with impiety at Delphi, 67
illegal cultivation of sacred plains near Cirrha, 67
[Andocides]
On the Peace a Hellenistic forgery?, 140
On the Peace historical errors, 140
Possible Peace Conference in Sparta (391), 141
reference to Theban speech (395), 110
andrapodismos, 28
Antalcidas, 39
Apollodorus
Plataians only Boiotians fighting at Thermopylai, 355
Aravantinos, Vassilis, 183
Argives, the
alliance with the Athenians (421), 89
alliance with the Corinthians (421), 87
Athenians fighting for Argive benefits according to [Andocides], 145
mercenaries for Peisistratus, 13
negative portrayal in On the Peace, 147
support Athens at Battle of Tanagra (458), 27
support at Battle of Tanagra (458), 264
unmentioned on Serpent Column and Zeus Statue lists, 286
Aristophanes of Boiotia, 20
Arkadians, the
walking out of peace conference (367/6), 55
Arrington, Nathan, 314
Artaxerxes
stipulations King’s Peace (387/6), 39
Asopodorus, 319
Athenian Akropolis
memorial landscape, 313
space for commemorating perseverance against foreign invasion, 311
Athenians, the
373 breaking point in Theban alliance?, 49
acceptance of Theban control of Plataike (395), 238
Alcmeonid coup (511), 80
alliance with the Boiotians (395), 36
alliance with Delphic Amphictyony, 27
alliance with the Argives (421), 89
alliance with the Boiotians (395), 38
aloofness at Theban revolt (335), 133
ambushed by Orchomenizers near Koroneia (446), 28
annually at war, 4
arbitration at Olympia (470s), 25
backlash over cleruchy on Samos (366), 56
blocking Spartan return via Corinthian Gulf (458), 263
Boiotian alliance accepted ‘unanimously’ (395), 113
Boiotian alliance treaty (395),
Boiotian campaign (446), 28
Boiotian rapprochement post Persian Wars,
border dispute with Megarians, 203
campaign in Thessaly (450s), 28
change in defensive mentality with Persian Wars (480–79), 262
change in perception of Boiotians, 326
changes foreign policy after Chaironeia (338), 68
charis relationship with Spartans (369), 100
collaboration not restricted to democracies, 120
confiscation property citizens involved in Profanation of the Mysteries and Mutilation of the Herms, 33
contra ‘land empire’ after Oinophyta (458), 250
decisions on deme status borderlands, 188
Demaneitos affair, 38
disbandment of Second Athenian Confederacy (338), 69
divine justice in quadriga epigram, 313
economic burdens, 370s, 217
efforts to restore Theban alliance and buffer (370s), 269
embassies to Macedon (347/6), 64
embassy to Antipater (323), 274
ephebes at Amphiareion, 378
exchange Plataia for other assets, 237
execution of generals supporting Theban exiles (379), 132
expulsion of moderate elements by Thirty (404), 35
financial pressure (375), 46
five-year truce with Spartans (451–446), 28
fourth-century stability, 53
friendly Boiotia a deterrent for invaders, 261
grievances over Spartan violations of autonomia, 92
guardians of Common Peace? (371), 51
help for Thebans (378), 44
honours for Boiotian exiles after Cadmeia’s capture (382), 126
ideal situation prior to Leuktra (371), 93
ignore contested borderlands for Boiotian alliance (395), 266
importance of Assembly in accepting Plataians’ plea, 78
inauguration of general of the countryside, 219
incarceration of every Boiotian (431), 31
inclusion into Peloponnesian League (404), 35
internal divisions (458), 116
intervention in Corcyra, 49
invasion 508/716
invite Thebans to peace conference (371), 91
involvement Cyprus and Egypt, 144
Ionian ideology, 105
irresponsible pursuit of capturing Amphipolis, 53
keeping war from Attica (395–386), 268
lack of neighbourly war, 5
loss of democracy (322), 72
loss of Oropos (322), 72
loss of Samos (322), 72
Lycurgan programme, 223
Marathon monument Delphi, 292
marched in full force to Tanagra (458), 264
memory of Myronides, 318
mythologising Persian Wars, 317
obsessions with Persian Wars in mid-fourth century, 298
only competitor Thebans after Leuktra (371), 53
Overthrow of the Thirty, 36
overthrow tyranny, 16
panic at Macedonian takeover Thermopylai, 64
participation in Theban games, 26
partitioning of Oropian lands (335), 223
paying two thirds of cost of war (339), 159
period of conservatism after Thebes’ sack (335), 71
Persian Wars monument understate medism, 290
Plataian Alliance,
Plataian cleruchy in Skione, 237
possible aims in Corinthian War (395–387/6), 145
possible alliance with the Chalkidians of the Chalkidike, 124
possible protecting of unjustly persecuted people, 78
possible public support for Theban exiles (379), 130
possible subjugation Aitolia (426), 252
potential alliance with Corcyrans, 251
prefer Boiotian alliance over Plataian alliance, 240
prisoner exchange, 85
promise of new arche by Theban ambassador (395), 112
prostates of autonomia, 49
protection of Heraclidae, 97
quadriga focused on overcoming internal foes, 313
realisation Boiotia’s buffer role (323), 274
reasons for quick settlement with Boiotians (446), 29
receive Oropos from Alexander III (335), 71
re-dedication of quadriga (458), 323
refrained from helping Theban rebellion, 70
rejoice over Boiotian alliance (395)?, 146
remember Thebans as defender of eleutheria, 362
reputation as guardian of autonomia (378), 152
reputation in Theban eyes (339), 157
response to Aeginetan raiding, 18
response to Thebes’ destruction, 71
restoration of pro-Athenian exiles (450s), 120
role in supporting Theban exiles, 126
Rule of the Thirty, 35
Second Athenian Confederacy, 153
separate Theban alliance (379), 151
Seven against Thebes mentioned in Assembly, 97
sixth-century border war with Tanagraians, 189
Social War (357–55), 60
Spartan alliance (369),
subjugation Euboian revolt (446), 29
success at Pylos (425), 32
support Boiotian exiles (378),
support for Ionian revolt (499), 18
swap Plataia and Oropos for Boiotian protection (339), 273
takeover of Oropos not to detriment of Theban alliance, 218
‘ten-day truces’ with the Boiotians, 86
Theban alliance (339/8), 67
Theseus acting as representative of Athens, 138
Tribute Lists, 27
undermining Boiotian prestige at Delphi, 300
Athenocentrism, 8
Athens
Agora, statues of Philip and Alexander of Macedon, 69
Akropolis display of decree, 126
Akropolis display of treaty, 44
Athena Itonia,
Athena Itonia sanctuary?, 168
Battle of Delion commemoration,
Boiotian buffer,
Boiotian diaspora (338), 133
Boiotian proposal to raze (404), 34
borderlands,
bronze prize vessels from Thebes?, 26
City Dionysia, 15
decree for Erythrai, 350
decree for response to Mytilenean embassy (369/8), 99
defending Boiotian liberty at Tanagra (458)?, 119
defensive structures protecting fertile surrounding lands, 260
demosion sema, 350
dependance on grain imports, 177
destruction 231
Dionysios Eleutherios,
epigram for Chaironeia, 361
epigram for Delion, 342
food supply, 195
fourth-century wealth, 159
grain supply, 253
‘Greater Attica’, 182
individuals’ social capital through decrees, 154
invasion 508/7,
issues with reconstruction of decree for exiled Boiotians (382), 129
Law on the Lesser Panathenaia, 223
limited territorial expansion during Peisistratid era, 184
Long Walls destroyed (404), 35
Nea territory in Oropos?, 223
near completion of Long Walls, 145
new studies decree for Phyle, 348
Panhellenic conference? (440s), 30
peace conference (371), 94
Periclean defensive strategy, 260
perimeters of psephisma supporting Theban exiles (379), 133
plots to invade Boiotia, 122
polyandreion for Delion, 341
presence Theban exiles’ memory (382), 349
Profanation of the Mysteries and Mutilation of the Herms, 33
proposal to turn into sacred grazing territory (404), 34
pro-Spartan plot (458), 115
Prospectus of the Second Athenian Confederacy, 45
quadriga (508/7),
quadriga appropriating aristocratic symbolism, 312
quadriga divine justice, 325
quadriga epigram perception of Boiotians, 312
re-arrangement quadriga epigram, 324
re-invention through building programme, 30
Spartan garrison, 35
Tatenkatalog, 30
Theban alliance (339/8),
Theban exile community, 71
Theban proximity a larger threat than Lacedaimonians, 96
Thrasybulus’ tomb, 350
Tribute Lists, 27
attikismos, 79
autonomia, 140,
ambiguity of the term, 40
Athenian interpretation of the term, 148
combined with eleutheria, 150
goal of the Second Athenian Confederacy, 150
axioma, 360
Badian, Ernst, 18
Bakewell, Geoff, 317
Basileia festival
comparison with Delia, 337
Bizard, Léon, 306
Boedeker, Deborah, 162
Boiotia
buffer function,
connecting Northern and Southern Greece, 174
dependance on grain imports, 177
fortification network, 53
harbours connected to Sicily, Adriatic and Ionic Sea, 246
harbours with links to Hellespont, 174
local rivalries, 21
memorial landscape, 364
originally an Ionian population?, 105
part of Athenian empire again (395)?, 267
Boiotian games, 26
Boiotians, the
admiral in Aegospotami monument, 293
advantageous position in Peace of Nicias negotiations, 85
anti-Athenian support in Sicily, 33
assertiveness and control in acting as buffer, 275
Athenian honours for exiles after capture of Cadmeia (382), 126
Athenian and Macedonian embassy (339), 155
Aulis as base for naval scheme (360s), 177
boiotarchs intervening with Agesilaos’ sacrifice, 37
bridge with Euboia (411), 258
broken treaty with Philip of Macedon, 69
changed perception of Athenians, 327
claim to prominence at Delphi, 299
clause to prevent future liberation of Oropos or Thespiai (339), 273
Commemoration Third Sacred War, 355
communal games after Persian Wars (480-79), 26
dedication Herakles statue Delphi, 299
dedicatory practices at Delphi, 294
defenders of eleutheria, 335
dejection at Spartan abandonment of Central Greece (480), 275
diplomatic undermining of Athens (366-4), 57
dismay at exclusion earlier negotiations (421), 85
economic links with Peloponnesian allies, 61
elevation of status through bilateral Spartan alliance (421), 88
elite participation in Panhellenic games after Persian Wars, 26
excluded from armistice negotiations (423)?, 85
expelling Macedonian garrison Nicaea (339), 153
federal council, 109
fighting in Siciliy, 33
help for Megarians (424), 32
inclusion in Athenian Empire, 27
independent members of Peloponnesian League, 82
insistence on bilateral alliance with Spartans (421), 88
introduction of Achilles cult, 160
involvement invasion Attica (507/6), 82
involvement in Lesbos’ revolt (427), 32
isolated against possible Athenian attacks? (423), 85
joint dedication with Halai, 14
Koroneia (446) a defining moment, 333
lack of neighbourly war, 5
leadership changes (404–395), 109
measure of naval scheme’s success, 59
medism, 19
mercenaries for Persian King, 62
military harbour at Aulis, 254
monetary fine after Persian Wars (480–79), 26
naval scheme,
naval scheme (360s), 258
occupation of Herakleia Trachis (420), 86
Panhellenic prestige, 276
participation in invasion Attica (507/6) a matter of revenge, 82
passive resistance to Spartan campaign against Olynthus (383), 42
perception of Athenians after Delion, 341
possible alliance with Locrians, 14
possible degradation to second-rank status (421), 89
possible lack of successes due to lack of personal ties, 61
prisoner exchange, 85
pro-Athenian proxenoi, 29
proposal to raze Athens made by small hostile clique? (404), 35
prostates of Common Peace, 54
reasons for willingness to act as a buffer, 274
reclaim autonomia (446), 29
refusal to supply reinforcements against Athens, 36
refuse Orchomenians their autonomia?, 143
reject Argive alliance (421), 87
rejection of Peace of Nicias (421), 85
renting ships (364), 58
reputation in Athenian eyes (395–387/6)?, 147
resilience against Spartans, 146
strained relationship with Spartans (404), 34
support anti-Athenian revolts in Asia Minor, 33
suppression Thespian ‘atticising’ revolt, 85
takeover Oropos (366) useful for naval scheme, 219
‘ten-day truces’ with Athens, 86
Theban ambassador Athens (395), 276
threat to Athenian stability, 33
tripodephoria to Dodona, 191
willingness to act as Athenian buffer, 274
Bommelaer, Jean-François, 293
border sanctuaries
places of negotiation, 163
borderlands
a cultural unity?, 173
delineation of borders, 177
different mentality than city dwellers, 172
economic exploitation, 176
forests, 176
hero-cults for local identity, 187
kioniskos ritual transfer of territory, 185
lack of military structures before mid-fifth century, 192
part of negotiations in alliance (339/338), 204
ritualised link, 188
roads connecting centre and periphery, 187
self-identification demes, 186
towers and forts, 180
Xanthus and Melanthus legend, 191
Brasidas
Thracian campaign, 266
Brauron, 14
Bresson, Alain, 187
buffer strategy, 261
Byzantines, the
anti-Athenian support by Boiotians, 33
Athenian anti-Macedonian support, 66
Boiotian naval voyage, 56
joining anti-Macedonian coalition, 66
joins Second Athenian Confederacy, 44
possibly renting ships to Boiotians, 58
revolt against Athens (364), 59
supporting rebels Second Athenian Confederacy, 60
syendroi bringing funds to Thebes, 62
Byzantium
Athenian food supply, 57
Carystus
Athenian campaign, 24
Catalogue of Heroines, 13
Cave of Antiope, 181
Central Greece
recalibration political landscape, 190
Chabrias
trial, 220
Chaironeia
andrapodismos (446), 28
Athenian capture (446), 28
lion memorial connected to Thermopylai, 363
part of pro-Athenian plot (424), 121
strategic control Corinthian Gulf, 251
supposed Athenian take-over (424), 247
Chalkidians of Chalkidike, the
Chians, the
Boiotian naval voyage, 56
cessation Second Athenian Confederacy, 60
cult to Boiotian Demeter, 160
join Second Athenian Confederacy, 44
possibly renting ships to Boiotians, 58
Cleigenes of Acanthus, 123
Cleomenes
invasion Attica (507/6), 16
personal ties with Thebans, 82
refuses Plataians’ supplication, 78
Coans, the
supporting rebels Second Athenian Confederacy, 60
coinage
reflection self-image, 138
Common Peace
(338), 69
(367), 54
344, 66
360s, 221
362, 60
366,
387,
no polis acted as prostates (362/1), 60
standing, 54
stelai around Greece (387/6), 40
Conon, 38
consistency bias, 297
Corcyra
stasis and Athenian intervention, 49
Corcyreans, the
appeal to Athens (431), 30
Corinth
meeting League of Corinth by Philip of Macedon, 69
Corinthian Gulf,
Corinthian War
Boiotia as a buffer, 266
continuation of Peloponnesian War, 38
outbreak, 37
Persian money, 37
Corinthians, the
accepting Pelopidas’ peace, 55
alienation with Sparta (404–395), 37
alliance with the Argives (421), 87
appeal to Sparta (431), 31
Athenian maritime goals in Corinthian Gulf, 250
detached from Spartan alliance by the Athenians, 144
dissolution union with Argos (387/6), 40
reasons for withdrawal from invasion Attica (507/6), 82
refusal to accept Peace of Nicias (421), 86
refusal Theban-led Common Peace (367/6), 55
settlement of Theban-Plataian dispute, 230
status within Peloponnesian League, 82
‘value’ to Athenians in Corinthian War, 146
withdrawal invasion Attica 507/6, 76
Coulton, John, 372
Croesus
dedication to Amphiaraos, 209
Cross, Nicholas, 61
cultic diplomacy, 160
Cyclades
Boiotian naval voyage, 258
D’Alessio, Giambattista, 167
Daly, Kevin, 182
Damophilos, 22
Datis
return Apollo statue to Delion, 165
decrees
role in accumulating social capital, 154
Delians, the
did not return gilded statue of Apollo, 165
Delion
Delia a new festival or an alteration of older ritual, 337
fifth-century temple, 336
not part of Homeric Hymn to Apollo, 166
sacred harbour, 256
settlement only from Hellenistic period onward, 256
Thucydides’ description, 336
Delion, Battle of, 122, , 318
Commemoration,
involvement demigod?, 342
official character, 335
turning point, 32
Delos
Boiotian naval voyage, 258
connection Delion, 336
independence (404), 292
political connection Boiotians and Athenians, 166
religious heart Delian League, 292
re-organisation Delia (426), 337
retrieval statue Delion (470), 164
Delphi
Aegospotami monument, 292
Athena Tritogeneia dedication by Boiotians, 295
Athenian dedication of golden shields, 66
Athenian stoa, 301
Boiotian dedicatory practices, 294
destruction mid-sixth-century temple, 305
epigram Aegospotami monument, 294
golden shields dedicated by Athens (340/39), 296
heated Amphictyonic Council meeting (339), 66
Herakles statue, 299
late fifth-century Boiotian renaissance at sanctuary?, 295
list of poleis on Serpent Column dedication, 285
locus for hegemonial claims, 283
Maraton monument, 292
older Boiotian treasury?, 295
oracular response to Thebans, 17
Peace Conference (368), 54
political use of sanctuary, 27
Serpent Column, 283
Serpent Column celebrates Plataia and Salamis, 288
Serpent Column omissions, 285
Serpent Column reinscription, 285
terms for usage of Apollo temple during Peloponnesian War, 84
visual competition Aegospotami and Marathon monument, 293
visual link Aegospotami monument and Aeginetan Salamis monument, 293
Dema wall, 270
Demades
embassy to Alexander III of Macedon, 134
Demaratus Spartan exile, 21
Demosthenes
Athenian decrees empty rhetoric, 158
awareness of Boiotian buffer role, 272
blames Boiotian generals, 360
Boiotians better allies than Spartans, 272
Boiotian’s shame of medism, 359
clamours for restoration Boiotian towns, 240
compares Chaironeia to Persian Wars, 359
different speeches Panhellenic and Athenian audience, 361
Funeral Oration, 359
juxtaposition Athenian and Theban outlook, 355
local interests vs. Greek interests, 354
mentions spurious or fabricated decree, 156
On the Crown, 359
On the Symmories, 359
Oropos’ status as a desideratum, 221
proxenos of Thebans, 154
reconstruction of speech at Thebes (339)?, 153
reference to Persian acknowledgement of Athenian claim to Amphipolis, 220
Theban’s archetypical traitors, 354
two versions of Funeral Oration, 360
Dexileos, 318
Diadochoi, the
profitting from earlier changes to Boiotia, 274
Diagoras of Rhodes, 332
Dinarchus, 134, 349
account of Athenian support Theban exiles (379), 131
recollection Theban help (403), 349
Diodorus Siculus
account on Tanagra (458), 115
Battle of Tanagra Athenian initiative, 263
description Athenian support Theban exiles (379), 130
enigmatic phrasing of Boiotian naval scheme’s success (364), 59
exaggerated encomium of Oinophyta?, 325
garbled chronology, 116
inauguration Delia festival (424), 335
inland move of Oropos (402), 214
Plataians at fault for Theban take-over (373)?, 239
refers to small Boiotian fleet (364), 58
Doris
Spartan expedition (458), 114
Dreher, Martin, 57
Drymos, 107, 192
Demosthenes’ plea to protect it, 203
possible Athenian cleruchy, 188
possible location in Skourta plain, 179
prerogative aristocrats rather than democrats, 107
Ducat, Jean
date of Hipparchos’ dedication, 306
economic specialisation, 6
Eleans, the
rejection of Common Peace (371), 94
Eleusis
Boiotian counter-claim, 185
capture 508/717
fortifications, 18
hiera orgas, 203
invasion 507/678
roads, 195
strategic crossroads Megarid and Athens, 185
Eleutherai
Athenian annexation, 15
Boiotian War, 270
construction of fortress, 201
Dionysos Eleutherios,
fortress built by Boiotians, 194
Herakles cult, 193
lack of mentions in 360s and 350s, 200
pompe to Athens, 188
sympoliteia with Thebans, 185
κἐνίκασε̣ hα πόλις hα Θε̣βαί|ον κἐλευθεραίο̣[ν], 185
eleutheria, 1, 30, 37, 69, 150,
juxtaposition with tyranny, 151
lost after Chaironeia (338), 360
Plataia, 240
term in Theban liberation (379), 151
war cry for poleis oppressed by Athenians, 292
Engels, David, 119
Ephoros, 227, 243, 257
Boiotians’ lack of pedigree for leadership, 61
inspired by Boiotian naval scheme (360s), 244
epiteichismos, 32
Eretrians, the
takeover Oropos (366), 218
Erythrai
becomes part of Plataike, 230
Euboia
anti-Athenian rebellion (446), 265
Athenian cleruchies (446), 212
Athenian ferry fees with Oropos, 256
Athenian-Theban skirmish (350s), 61
Boiotian influence,
close connection Boiotian harbours, 174
close connection Oropos, 177
export provisions for Athens, 243
importance to Athenian survival (411), 213
liberation from Athens (411), 33
proximity to Boiotia, 257
Euboians, the
anti-Athenian revolt (446), 29
bridge with Boiotia (411), 258
collaboration with Thebes (360s), 219
exiles in Orchomenos (446), 28
export commodities to Athens, 211
influence Philip of Macedon, 66
poleis join Thebans (371), 51
Euripides
Bacchai, 317
hostile version Seven against Thebes, 342
rejection Theban autochthony, 318
Suppliants, 315
Eurymachos
takeover of Plataia (431), 31
Finley, Moses, 6
five-year truce Athenians and Spartans (451–446), 28
Funeral Oration
norms, 360
Funke, Peter, 207
Gartland, Samuel, 319
geographical entwinement, 172
goals of fourth-century wars, 38
Gomme, Arnold, 85
Gray, Vivienne, 110
Green, Peter, 116
Halai, 14
Harris, Edward, 141
hegemony
claims made at Panhellenic sanctuaries, 283
Hellenic War (323–2), 72
Herakles
accompanied by Athena on his labours, 344
cult Eleutherai, 193
cult Tanagra, 165
foundation of Apollo cult in Delos, 167
statue Delphi, 299
statue Thebes,
Herodotus
Athenian protection medizing poleis, 105
Athenian quadriga, 324
comments on inclusion on Serpent Column list, 289
compared with Thucydides’ account on Plataian alliance, 75
connecting Delion story to Battle of Marathon, 166
consistency bias, 21
defence Central Greece (480), 262
demonstrates importance of choices in Atheno-Plataian alliance, 74
differentiation Athenians and Peisistratids, 77
division books 5 and 6 artificial, 77
intextuality with Thucydides, 79
portrayal of Aeginetans, 18
portrayal of Alexander I of Macedon, 21
quadriga a monument of democracy’s benefits, 312
retrieval Apollo statue from Delos to Delion, 165
suggestion Oropos was Athenian in 490, 209
Theban contribution Persian Wars, 357
use of πιεζω, 228
Hipparchos
dedication at Apollo Ptoios sanctuary in Akraiphnia, 81
dedication at temple of Apollo Ptoios, Akraiphnia, 305
possible statue of Athena on dedication, 306
Hippocrates, Athenian general, 32
evokes importance of Boiotia for Athenian defence, 265
march on Tanagra and Oropos (424), 32
speech Delion, 318
Hunt, Peter, 41
Hurst, André, 321
Imbros
retained by Athenians in King’s Peace (387/6), 40
interstate relations
arbitration, 74
avoidance of war, 74
balance of power (lack of), 74
border disputes, 173
break with diplomatic norms, 93
breaking with norms, 18
burial norms, 342
changing power structures, 23
choice for war not taken lightly, 74
clear agreements over disputed lands, 198
complexity of human interaction, 73
cultic connections,
divine wrath if untrustworthy ally, 96
emotional appeals, 78
epichoric interests, 114
flattery, 268
force, 2
‘immoral behaviour’, 69
inviolability, 231
oath violations, 95
perceptions of hubris, 313
permission to cross territory, 261
presbeis autokratores, 141
prestige, 103
prisoner exchange, 85
proxenoi renewing truces, 86
proxenos, 102
regional rivalries?, 21
risk calculation, 74
self-image, 136
shame, 92
subterfuge, 43
supplication, 74
surrender and territorial claims, 236
symbolic capital, 27
tools for claiming disputed land, 173
tyrants, 16
xenia, 101
invocation of demigod in defeat, 342
Iphikrates
campaign in Peloponnese (370/69), 98
Isagoras, 16
possible personal ties with Boiotians, 82
possible restraint in integrating borderlands, 183
Ismenias, 36, 109,
accusation of medism (382), 43
death,
execution after sham trial (382), 43
relationship with Thrasybulus, 113
takeover, 136,
Isocrates
Boiotia defends Attica, 270
contrasting versions of Seven against Thebes, 358
indignation over ‘Theban betrayal’ after Corinthian War, 41
less valuable for reconstructing Theban response after Athenian take-over Oropos, 217
Plataicus on concerns of Oropian society over Theban expanionism, 216
Plataicus filled with factual errors, 41
Plataicus private pamphlet, 91
Plataicus reliability on Theban ambitions, 216
reference to Ismenias’ rise Thebes, 36
refers to Boiotia as buffer, 271
Kagan, Donald, 87
Kearns, Emily, 187
Kellogg, Danielle, 352
Keos, 258
Kephalos
anti-Spartan political outlook, 132
decree to support Theban exiles (379), 131
mover of decree to support Theban exiles (379), 132
Keressos, Battle of
controversies concerning date, 81
Kleon, 251
Knopiadas
charioteer for Alcmeonides, 305
Koroneia
Battle of (394), 38
Commemoration of Battle of (394), 327
Commemoration of Battle of (446),
Heroines at Thorikos, 169
Krisai, Bay of, 121
Kurke, Leslie, 332
Laches, 58
Lalonde, Gerald, 168
League of Corinth, 69
Leipsydrion, 80
Lemnos
Athenian claim acknowledged (338), 68
Athenian cleruchy in 386, 40
retained by Athenians in King’s Peace (387/6), 40
Leonidas,
Leptines, 98
Lesbians, the
response to Athenian-Spartan alliance (369), 99
Lesbos
revolt (427), 32
literary soures
reliability, 8
local histories
Theban epigram, 357
local sanctuaries
prime loci for commemorating neighbourly collaboration, 302
localism
importance for self-image, 302
Locrians, the
exiles participate in revolt against Athens (446), 28
possible alliance with the Boiotians, 14
Lucas, Thierry, 173
Ma, John, 362
Macedonia
overwhelming military power, 68
Philip’s reforms, 63
succession crisis, 60
takeover Greece celebrated by oppressed poleis?, 68
Macedonians, the
personal ties Thebes, 54
Magnetto, Anna, 141
Mavrovouni
Spartan fortress, 252
Mazi Archaeological Project, 193
Mazi Plain, the
border between Oinoe and Eleutherai, 193
Cave of Antiope, 181
fortifications no indication of hostility,
increased habitation, 202
Megarian interest, 180
routes, 180
secondary settlements, 179
separation of zones of influence, 193
strategic importance,
thoroughfare between Attica, Megarid and Boiotia, 180
medism
commemoration, , 168
hesitation to publicly indict medizers post Persian Wars (480-79), 25
political decision,
popularity in run-up to Peloponnesian War, 30
possible analogy with Germany post-1945, 24
unharmful term before Persian Wars (480/79), 19
Megarians, the
anti-Athenian rebellion (446), 265
border dispute with Athenians, 203
exiles occupy Plataia, 235
refusal to accept Peace of Nicias, 86
Meiggs, Russell, 288
memorial landscape
memory
individual memory becomes part of collective memory, 280
Messenians, the
refugees settled at Naupaktos (456/5), 249
Missiou, Anna, 143
Mount Kithairon
mountains
obstacles for communication?, 4
Munn, Mark, 107,
Myronides, 250
Myronides, Athenian commander, 27
Naxos, battle of, 46
Nicaea
Macedonian garrison (339), 153
Nicomedes, 114
Nikokrates
Oropos as Eretrian colony, 207
nomos, 358
oath-takers armistice (423), 84
Oinoe. See Mazi Plain
attack by Spartans in Peloponnesian War, 196
betrayal to Boiotians (411), 198
identified by Boiotians through toponym, 310
largest Athenian deme in surface area, 179
Old Oligarch
Athenian pragmatism rather than ideology, 120
Olympia
arbitration Athens, Thespiai and Boiotians, 24
Athenian dedication of victory over Tanagraians?, 189
Athenian dedications after capturing Lemnos, 314
internecine Boiotian dedications, 310
list of poleis on Zeus statue dedication, 285
metopes depicting Herakles and Athena, 138
Zeus Statue, 283
Zeus Statue celebrates Plataia and Salamis, 288
Olynthians, the
approach to Athenians and Thebans, 42
extension of influnce over Chalkidian peninsula, 42
Onchestos, 331
Opountian Locrians, the
outbreak Corinthian War, 38
Opuntian Locris
hostages taken by Athenians (458), 27
Orchomenians, the, 14, 28
autonomos in 391?, 143
detachment koinon, 143
integration into koinon (371), 51
proxenoi of the Athenians, 29
Theban intervention (364), 59
Orchomenos, 14, 28, 48, 59, 154, 215, 240, 251, 319
attempted Theban attack (375), 90
difficulty of interpretating ‘belongs to territory of the allies’ (371), 51
failed Theban takeover (375), 48
Orchomenizers (446), 276
proposed restoration, 240
restoration, 68
restoration (338), 274
Orchomenos, Athenian invasion (424), 121
Orestes, Thessalian exile, 28
Oropians, the
arbitration (366), 56
different treatment by Boiotians and Athens, 224
integration into koinon (402), 215
lack of deme status, 208
revolt against Athens (446)?, 212
Oropos,
a ‘hidden’ Athenian cleruchy (369/8), 217
Amphiareion,
Athenian attack in second century, 225
Athenian ephebic visit (122/1), 225
Athenian protectorate?, 211
Athenian takeover 374, 49
Athenians’ loss in 411, 33
Boiotian claim acknowledged by Athens (395), 216
Boiotian take-over through treason (411)?, 213
‘Boiotianisation’ (402), 215
‘Boiotianisation’ cemented claim to the land, 215
buffer against Tanagraian or Chalkidian attacks, 211
claim of utility for Boiotian koinon (295), 225
Delphinion (sacred harbour), 257
early history Amphiareion, 365
economic benefits for Athens, 217
Eretrian colony, 206
Eretrian possession before 470?, 207
external powers aware of influence on Athenian opinion, 221
ferry fees with Euboia, 256
ferry to Euboia, 212
fertility an Athenian incentive to annex, 211
garrison free imposition by Alexander III of Macedon?, 224
granted independence (338), 274
granted to Athens for aloofness Theban revolt (335), 71
harbours,
independence (338), 222
independence 338, 68
independence 411 linked to eleutheria?, 213
independent after 387/6, 216
inland move (402) because of Eretria, 214
loyal buffer for Philip of Macedon against Athens, 222
Pandios decree (369) confirms Athenian control, 217
partitioning of lands by Athens (335), 223
pine resin supply, 219
returned to Athens by Alexander III of Macedon (335), 223
sacred law, 366
stasis in 402, 213
surrender woodlands for Athenian protection c.374?, 216
Osborne, Robin, 371
Paga, Jessica, 14
Palatine Anthology
epigram for fallen of Chaironeia, 361
Pamboiotia, 330, 332
a pan-Boiotian festival in mid-fifth century?, 332
restricted access to non-Boiotians, 333
Pammenes, 53
Panakton, 179
Boiotian destruction fortification (421), 197
Boiotian marauding (420s) and takeover, 196
date of fifth-century fortification, 195
destitute state, 204
destruction of fortress (421), 191,
fortification, 195
fortification in ruins after Peloponnesian War, 198
lack of fortification, 200
military equipment inventory, 203
possible Athenian cleruchy, 188
possible restitution to Athens (421), 88
reoccupation, 200
road to Athens, 195
Pandios
anti-Theban Athenian, 368
Panhellenic sanctuaries
dearth of hostile neighbourly commemoration, 281
used only for commemoration to claim hegemony, 283
Panhellenism, 29, 145
Athenianss would help all of Hellas not just Sparta (371), 98
credentials for hegemony, 283
Delian League, 24
fourth-century traditions in later writers, 104
Plataia’s role as lieu de mémoire, 239
Papalexandrou, Nassos, 228
Parasopia, 239
Athenian influence, 187
description,
disputed land, 182
synoikism with Thebes, 215
Theban pressure, 228
Parium Marble, 15
Parker, Robert, 164
Pausanias
Athenian quadriga, 324
autopsy, 118
Battle of Tanagra account, 116
comments on Aegospotami monument’s sponsorship, 294
Eleutheraian alliance etymology, 163
Herakleion Thebes, 344
reliability, 287
visit to Thrasybulus’ tomb, 350
Peace Conference, 50
Pegasos of Eleutherai
introduction Dionysos cult to Athens, 164
Peisistratids
control Oropos?, 207
Cycladic expansion, 14
Dedication Ptoion,
friendship with Thessalians at the expense of the Thebans?, 81
Hipparchos, 16
Hippias, 16
indebtness to Thebans, 13
Thracian interests, 14
tyranny, 16
Pelling, Christopher, 14
Pelopidas, 41, 52
death, 59
envoy to Susa, 56
exile from Thebes, 123
Liberation Thebes, 150
peace conferences, 55
Statue Delphi, 355
Statue Thebes, 356
uses Thrasybulus as example, 348
Pelopidas’ Peace (366/5)
ratification explored, 55
Peloponnesian War, 251, 265
Athenian hinterland destruction, 145
commemoration, 292
initial fighting phase, 196
Outbreak, 31
peplos
Athenian appropriation of Boiotian ritual?, 28
Pericles, 29
Persian ideology, 58
Persian King
accepts Boiotian claim Oropos, 220
claims in Asia Minor acknowledged (362/1), 60
endorsement Common Peace, 54
involvement Boiotian naval scheme, 58
involvement Social War (357-55), 60
possible restrainment on intervening in Greek affairs (362/1), 60
rebellious satraps (366/5), 56
sponsoring anti-Macedonians, 70
summoning Greeks for peace conference, 46
Persian War veterans
influence on memory of conflict, 102
Persian Wars
differing goals in commemoration, 289
epichoric commemoration, 25
impact on commemoration because of passing of contemporary witnesses, 354
lack of revanchism after, 103
plurivocal commemoration, 103
reintegration medizers, 24
Persians
Conon, 38
Greek exiles, 21
rule in Asia Minor, 338
switch sides Corinthian War, 38
unmentioned on Serpent Column and Zeus Statue lists, 285
Petropoulou, Angeliki, 370
Philip of Macedon, 60
capture Athenian grain fleet, 66
changes to Boiotia created pro-Macedonian enclave, 274
control of Delphic Amphictyony, 65
death (336), 69
embassies to Athens and Thebes (339), 67
Embassy Thebes (339), 153
expansion in Thrace, 64
grant Oropos to Athenians?, 222
grants Oropians independence (338), 373
guarantor of Common Peace, 69
homogenised memory Persian Wars, 284
ignore pleas for help from Thebans (347), 63
New Persians, 351
prostates of autonomia, 241
Thracian expansion, 66
transformation of kingdom, 63
Phocians, the
Athenian take-over (458), 27
blocking Thermopylai pass (Third Sacred War), 272
cause of Theban financial penury, 62
conduct in Third Sacred War, 299
defeat at Abai (Third Sacred War), 63
discussions for Peace in Peloponnesian War, 84
First Peloponnesian War (458), 114
naval base in Boiotia (347/6), 248
old friends of the Athenians, 91
Outbreak Corinthian War, 38
restoration to power by Athenians, 28
role in Third Sacred War, 61
sacrilegious plunders Delphi, 299
separate peace treaty with Amphictyony, 65
support for Macedon at Chaironeia (338), 68
unconditional surrender to Philip of Macedon, 64
Phocion
negotiations with Antipater, 274
Phoibidas
takeover Thebes, 123
Phyle, 179, See Skourta Plain
annual celebrations, 348
Boiotian capture (507/6), 183
Boiotian marauding (420s), 196
capture by pro-democracy Athenian exiles, 36
capture by Thrasybulus references, 347
citizenship decree for foreigners, 348
designation as deme, 189
identified by Boiotians through toponym, 310
not monumentalised, 189
refurbishment (334/3), 205
sixth-century attestation, 181
Pindar
avoids reference to Battle of Plataia?, 320
celebrates victory at Koroneia (446)?, 330
composing for young Theban athletes, 318
Daphnephorikon, 329
Hymn to Apollo, 167
Isthmian 4, 319
Isthmian 7, 326
Isthmian 8, 319
place of performance, 320
Pythian 8, 330
Plant, Ian, 116
Plataia,
Athena Areia, 161
Athena Areia temple, 315
Athenian reinforcements (431), 234
Battle of (479), 22
chora, 183
Commemoration Delphi and Olympia, 286
Daidala-festival, 22
Demeter Eleusinia,
destruction (373), 270
destruction (480), 231
Eleutheria festival, 315
expansion of walls after Persian Wars, 232
Hera Kithaironia, 22
integrated into Theban chora (480), 231
inviolable territory after 479?, 23
lieu de memoire, 232
member of koinon (446-431)?, 233
no help for Peisistratids, 81
Oath of, 272,
occupied by Megarian exiles, 235
Peace of Nicias, 197
Persian Wars, 21
possible harbour, 229
proposed restoration, 240
pro-Theban plot (431), 234
refurbishment Hera temple by Thebans (427), 235
re-organisation Daidala-festival (427)?, 235
restoration (338), 274
restoration (386), 269
restoration (387/6), 238
strategic importance, 225
Theban and Tanagraian interest in territory, 226
Theban surprise attack (373), 239
topos, 362
Plataians, the
Athenian alliance and issues with Thucydides and Herodotus’ accounts, 75
Boiotian koinon, 29
centrality of Persian Wars in epichoric history, 79
cleruchy in Skione, 237
clinging to Spartan alliance (373), 49
difference Peisistratid alliance and Athenian alliance, 77
early fifth-century dedication to Demeter, 162
execution Theban prisoners (431), 31
importance of inclusion on Serpent Column list, 288
local rivalry with the Thebans, 21
no initial border disputes with Thebans, 80
participation in subjugation of Messenian revolt (460s), 233
Peloponnesian War, 31
pro-Theban plot (431), 31
reason to oppose Persians, 21
refusal to τελέειν to the Boiotoi, 228
removal of horoi with Athens?, 162
self-image as Boiotians, 232
Serpent Column, 289
shared cult with Thespians?, 22
surrender (427), 235
Theban pressure, 228
Plato
Battle of Tanagra account, 116
description Battle of Tanagra reflects his own time, 118
Laws, Interstate Relations, 73
Menexenus, 119
Plutarch
comments on Aegospotami monument’s sponsorship, 294
contra Herodotus, 20
Life of Themistocles, 103
portrayal of Epameinondas as ideal philosopher-warrior, 41
remarks on influence of popular leaders, 103
writing aims, 41
Polinskaya, Irene, 164
Polybius
Spartan-Theban arbitration by Achaians (371/0), 94
population calculations Attica and Boiotia, 177
Preller, Ludwig, 214
presbeis autokratores, 141
primitivism, 6
provisioning of armies, 261
proxenos, 102
Pylos
fortress swapped for Panakton, 85
Raubitschek, Anthony, 325
Realpolitik
base for neighbourly rapprochement, 36
Rhamnous, 3
Athenian garrison (335), 224
monumental building, 187
monumentalisation, 208
no longer Athenian border (335-323), 378
Rhodians, the
Boiotian naval voyage, 56
cessation Second Athenian Confederacy, 60
join Second Athenian Confederacy, 44
possibly renting ships to Boiotians, 58
Roberts, Jennifer, 38
Roisman, Joseph, 116
Sacred Law
at Amphiareion, 366
Salamis, Battle of
in Aeschylus’s Persai, 316
sanctuary
border demarcation?, 162
demarcating border?, 229
mirrors for neighbourly interaction, 279
negotiatory role, 181
ritual norms, 37
Sardis
peace negotiations, 39
Scafuro, Adele, 374
Schröder, Janett, 338
Scyros
retained by Athenians in King’s Peace (387/6), 40
Second Athenian Confederacy, , 65
autonomia as a goal, 150
chronology of inception, 45
defections, 58
disbandment (338), 69
formation through Atheno-Theban collaboration, 133
interpretation of clause ‘in order to persuade them of whatever good they can’, 151
prospectus located next to Zeus Eleutherios altar in Athenian Agora, 150
synedrion prefers Common Peace (344), 65
Seven against Thebes
different versions, 315
Shrimpton, Gordon, 156
Sikinnos, 105
Skourta Plain, the
farmsteads, 179
increase habitation late fifth-century,
oaths about exploitation, 191
routes, 180
Tsoukrati and Limiko towers, 205
Spartan-Athenian alliance (369)
rotational scheme, 98
Spartans, the
abandon defence Central Greece (480), 262
acting as abrasive as Athenians, 37
alliance with Athenians (369), 98
alliance with medizers, 30
benefits of pro-Spartan Boiotia (382), 269
Boiotian campaign (378), 45
campaiging against Mantinea (380s), 41
campaign against Olynthos (383), 122
campaign in Asia Minor (397), 37
cease invasions of Attica after earthquakes in Laconia (426), 265
challenge to honour, 31
clandestine negotiations (421), 87
control over Hellespont (388), 39
control Rhodes and Athenian grain supply, 39
criticism of seizing Cadmeia (382), 149
demand Athenians relinquish Corinthian Gulf harbours, 251
Doris campaign (458), 263
enforcer of the King’s Peace (387/6), 42
expedition to Doris (458), 114
five-year truce with Athenians (451-446), 28
forced into overland routes due to Athenian intervention (450s), 249
goals inscribing lists at Delphi and Olympia, 289
incapacitated due to loss at Sphacteria (426), 265
intervention in Thessaly, 104
of little help to Athens against Macedon, 273
monument for Aegospotami, 292
negative responses after take-over Theban Cadmeia, 43
objective of Olynthus campaign to take-over Thebes (382), 42
offer Lemnos, Imbros and Skyros to Athenians to disrupt neighbourly alliance, 142
plan to expel medizers to Persia?, 105
plan to resettle Ionians?, 105
population decline, 53
prisoner exchange, 85
propagandistic benefit of restoring Plataia (387/6), 238
proxies for the Persian King, 40
proxy vote in Amphictyonic Council, 104
reasons for Doris campaign (458), 117
recollection Athenian help against Messenians, 94
recollection of help expulsion Peisistratids, 94
recollection of rejecting Theban proposal to destroy Athens, 95
reference to ‘tithing’ the Thebans, 94
refusal to acknowledge Messene’s independence (366/5), 56
refusal to acknowledge Messenian independence (368), 54
removal garrisons from Boiotia, 48
reputational benefits from promoting eleutheria, 135
response to expanionism in Central Greece and Macedonia, 109
revanchism in Central Greece after Persian Wars (480-79), 263
secured Peloponnese in armistice treaty (423), 85
speakers in Athenian Assembly (370/69), 94
status of Laconian peroikic towns, 94
stigmatise medizers, 24
take-over Cadmeia worst excess Spartan hegemony, 122
Theban alliance? (386), 41
using Boiotian harbours to erode Athenian Aegean power, 258
violation of King’s Peace (382), 43
weakening the koinon (390s), 269
Strabo
relies on Ephoros, 243
strategy
buffer, 261
Strepsiades of Thebes, 326
Strouthas
satrap of Asia Minor, 144
supplication
not an automatic acceptance, 78
survey archaeology, 9
Susa
peace conference (367), 54
sympoliteia, 185
Tanagra
Battle of, , 264
dialect used in Theban inscription, 106
Oropian border, 210
polyandreion for Delion, 338
Spartan garrison, 270
Spartan garrison?, 43
Temple of Delion, 165
towers, 204
walls torn down by Athenians (458), 117
Tanagraians, the
Incorporation of Oropos, 215
possible proxeny award for Athenian, 106
rejection of status as pro-Athenian hegemon (458), 118
sixth-century border war with Athenians, 189
Tegyra, Battle of, 46
Thebans, the
373 breaking point in Athenian alliance?, 49
abstained from Common Peace conference Athens (371), 94
affirmation of leading role in Greek affairs (339), 159
Asias, 109
Athenian alliance (339/8), 67
boiotarchs involved in Plataian coup (431), 31
claim to Oropos through Apollo Ismenios, 210
defending the native soil (480-79)?, 323
democracy collapses after Oinophyta (458), 120
demographic boom, 53
dispute with Megarians, 184
distrust of Athenians’’ reliability after Leuktra (371), 158
eleutheria connected with liberation (379), 151
embedment in revanchist discourse after Persian Wars, 168
emulation of Herakles and Dionysos (404), 136
exiles and their xenia connections in Athens, 126
exiles in Persian army (335), 70
exiles overthrow Spartan junta (379), 44
expansion chora, 235
financial penury (375), 47
hagemonia treaty with Histiaia, 47
hetairaia, 109
insistence on swearing as Boiotoi rather than Thebans (371), 93
integrate harbours into chora, 246
interventions in the Peloponnese, 54
invasion of Peloponnese (370/69), 52
juxtaposed with Persians at Delphi, 297
‘land-locked’ member of Second Athenian Confederacy?, 269
leadership changes (404-395), 109
Macedonian garrison, 68
majority of votes on Amphictyonic Council, 59
medizing ringleaders executed without a fair trial, 23
no initial border disputes with Plataians, 80
omitted from Serpent Column and Zeus Statue lists, 286
outrage and indignation after Spartan take-over, 43
owned plots in the Parasopia (late sixth century), 80
participation Thermopylai based on personal ties, 20
persistent resistance to Macedonians, 70
personal ties Macedonia, 54
personal ties with Cleomenes leading to invasion Attica 507/82
polemarchs, 44
portrayed by Demosthenes, 354
pro-Macedonian exiles restored (338), 68
prostates of Common Peace, 58
ransomed prisoners dedicate kioniskos (507/6)?, 309
reasons for synoikism, 259
recollection support Athenian democrats, 110
reinstitution boiotarchia, 44
relationship with neighbouring communities, 332
remembered as defender of eleutheria, 362
request for Athenian aid after Leuktra (371), 50
scapegoated for medism?, 23
separate Athenian alliance (379), 151
serving roles in Second Athenian Confederacy, 49
serving as triearchs in Athenian navy, 152
sixth-century sympoliteia with Eleutherai, 185
Spartan alliance? (386), 41
stasis after Oinophyta (458), 250
structural weakness of the Theban hegemony, 62
support Peisistratids, 13
survivors of Alexander’s razing, 70
synoikism, 254
synoikism with border towns (427?), 236
Thebageneis, 227
threatened with invasion after rejection of Common Peace (387/6), 40
unwilling to contribute to maintenance of Second Athenian Confederacy fleet, 46
vaunted wealth, 13
Thebes
Athenian and Macedonian embassy (339), 155
birthplace of Herakles and Dionysos, 137
Boiotian poleis participating in sack (335), 71
Cadmeia take-over violation King’s Peace, 43
coinage, 138
Daphnephoria, 330
death of polemarchs by Theban exiles (379), 130
early attestation boiotarch, 106
embellishment after Delion, 335
Eurymachos, 31
hagamonia treaty with Histiaia, 259
inscription with boiotarch (500-475), 106
integration Thespiai into chora (373), 48
kioniskos and the borderlands, 182
kioniskos articulating territorial gains, 309
kioniskos commemorating 507/6, 308
kioniskos focused on local audience?, 309
list of donors for refoundation (316), 72
new epigram from Apollo Ismenios temple, 209
peace conference (367/6), 55
Persian Wars epigram, 357
reduction chora, 242
refuge for in Central Greece (479), 22
restoration by Cassander (316), 72
sale of plots in Parasopia, 229
Siege by Hellenic League (479), 22
similarities 382 and 335, 133
stasis, 114
statue Epameinondas, 355
statue Pelopidas, 356
stoa?, 335
synoikism with eastern seaboard (427?), 254
too interwoven into Greek myth, 319
uniqueness of metric dedication to Apollo Ismenios, 210
κἐνίκασε̣ hα πόλις hα Θε̣βαί|ον κἐλευθεραίο̣[ν], 185
Themistocles decree, the, 298
Theopompos,
inland move of Oropos (402), 214
Thermopylai
Battle of, , 262
Thermopylai, Battle of
all-out defence or counter-offensive, 20
manoeuvre to slow down Persians, 20
short-lived defence, diversion to organise a defence in Boiotia, 20
Thespiai
Athenian and Corinthian influence on cults, 105
Commemoration Delphi and Olympia, 286
Destruction, 90
dismantling of its walls (423), 85
family epitaph on Boiotian battles, 326
harbours, 248
integration into Theban chora (373), 48
new citizens after Persian Wars, 105
polyandreion for Oinophyta?, 327
proposed restoration, 240
rebuilding (479), 105
restoration, 68
restoration (338), 274
sculptural link Delion polyandreion and Thermopylai lion monument, 340
συντελεῖν μόνον εἰς τὰς Θήβας, 48
Thespians, the
attikismos (423), 122
clinging to Spartan alliance (373), 49
decision to oppose Persians, 22
medism, 21
Olympia arbitration, 26
ommitted from the Zeus Statue list, 287
proxenoi of the Athenians, 29
punished after Leuktra (371), 51
Sikinnos, 105
snub Thermopylai commemoration, 340
subjugation by Thebans (373), 48
xenia ties with Spartan and Theban contingent at Thermopylai (480), 22
Thessalians, the
Aleaud rule, 104
Boiotian interventions, 59
help for Peisistratids, 81
intervention in Herakleia Trachinia, 86
power vacuum, 54
restoration exile by Athenians, 28
rivalry with Phocians, 382
Spartan intervention, 104
support at Battle of Tanagra (458), 27
support Athenians (initially) at Battle of Tanagra (458), 264
supporting Philip of Macedon at Chaironeia, 68
Thespians, the decision to oppose Persians, 22
Thirty Year Peace (446), 29
Thourioi
possible settlement of pro-Athenian Boiotian proxenoi, 29
Thrasybulus, 36, 114
Athenian social memory,
commemoration in Thebes, 350
dedication at Theban Herakleion, 345
exile in Thebes, 136
relationship with Ismenias, 113
taking risk (395), 111
tomb, 350
Thucydides
against otiose uses of the past in rhetorical practice, 79
alteration to Serpent Column Delphi, 285
Boiotian take-over Oropos through treason (411), 213
compared to Herodotus’ account on Plataian alliance, 75
cursory account Tanagra (458), 115
description Delion sanctuary, 336
intextuality with Herodotus, 79
laments loss of Amphipolis, 266
more neutral evaluation of Boiotian role in peace negotiations (423-1), 84
motive for Oropos’ importance for Athens, 213
plot with Boiotians (415), 33
rejection of emendation text, 75
silence on ‘Orchomenizers’ motives (446), 28
silence on treatment of Oropos (446), 212
Tilphousa, 63
Timotheos
campaigning in Ionian Sea region, 48
Tiribazus, 39
topography
borderlands, 172
Traditional periodisation Theban Hegemony, 52
treaties
interpretation clause ‘to persuade them of whatever good they can’, 151
tyrants
political interactions, 14
ubiquity of war, 73
xenoi, 348
Xenokleides
pro-Theban speaker, 98
Xenophon
anti-Theban bias (395), 112
Athenian and Spartan mutual fear of Thebes (375), 46
claims about Theban aggression after Boiotian War (378-5), 46
eleutheria and Athenian defeat (404), 292
Hellenica’s inception, 46
historicity of Theban ambassador’s speech (395), 110
Memorabilia refers to Battle of Koroneia (446), 333
moralist and artistic motives, 137
neglects positive portrayal Thebans (404), 137
pays less attention to speeches that did not win over the Athenian Assembly, 98
scholars’ preference for his account (379), 131
selective narrative, 142
Theban demands in 395 excessive, 111
use of ἄγγελον to denote foreignness of Thebans, 93
Xerxes
invasion of Greece (480/79), 19
ἐκεχειρίαν δεχήμερον ἦγον
issues with translation, 86
ἐτελεύτησεν
use by Thucydides to describe Plataian alliances with Athens, 80
κολοσσοὺς
at Theban Herakleion, 344
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