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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  aN Invalid Date NaN

Silja Häusermann
Affiliation:
Universität Zürich
Herbert Kitschelt
Affiliation:
Duke University, North Carolina

Summary

Type
Chapter
Information
Beyond Social Democracy
The Transformation of the Left in Emerging Knowledge Societies
, pp. 458 - 463
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

abstention, 125, 129, 142, 146, 150, 161, 176, 179, 286, 289, 299, 315, 319, 396, 398, 409
anarchism, 21
Anglo-Saxon countries, 3, 8, 56, 59, 61, 123, 125, 210, 221222, 224, 234, 236237, 239, 300, 326, 397
attrition, 149
Australia, 84, 371, 379, 383, 401
Austria, 67, 96, 105, 107, 171, 230, 243, 251252, 254, 256, 261262, 265, 271272, 275, 341, 352, 369, 412
authoritarianism, 104, 197, 206, 224, 255, 284285, 320, 325, 395, 398, 406
automation, 31, 39
bargaining power, 3, 69, 337338, 340341, 408409
Belgium, 57, 78, 223, 352, 400, 412
Britain. See United Kingdom
Canada, 84, 371, 379, 383, 401
capabilities approach, 17
capital, 147, 349, 393, 407408, 418
capitalist ownership, 21
flows, 39
human, 33, 81, 253
capitalism, 144, 226, 344, 347, 407, 414, 418
Centrist Left, 67, 74, 254255, 259, 261266, 272, 274
CHESS expert survey, 4748, 125, 324, 330
Christian Democrats, 69, 76, 82, 224, 315, 320, 324, 372
citizenship, 67, 244, 317, 320, 329
class, 12, 1922, 25, 27, 2930, 44, 64, 70, 7677, 8283, 85, 92, 108, 120124, 126128, 130, 132, 134135, 138140, 158, 166, 169, 172, 177, 187, 220, 222, 300, 347348, 406, 408, 412415, 419
cleavages, 74, 76, 122, 141, 143, 145, 147, 398, 420
climate change, 13, 24, 3637, 105, 253254, 420
coalitions, 3, 6, 41, 50, 6263, 69, 75, 81, 84, 95, 141, 169, 250, 282, 303, 342, 357, 379, 394, 412, 414
commodification, 15, 229
communism, 12, 1617, 21, 43, 54
communist parties, 3, 8, 43, 105, 125, 146, 202, 324, 329
parties, 54, 96, 320
communitarianism, 22
community, 15, 1822, 29, 33, 40, 4445, 47
Comparative Manifesto Project, 288, 290
Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, 287
confidence intervals, 138, 158, 205, 234
conservatism, 4547, 164, 168169, 174, 184, 194, 220, 234, 252, 256, 265, 267, 270, 274, 290, 297, 300, 320, 395, 398, 417
Christian, 21
conservative parties, 6263, 69, 115, 230, 315, 324, 333, 372, 396
consumption, 20, 28, 56, 81, 167, 253254, 349, 353, 357, 362, 397
Continental Europe, 8, 125, 164, 166, 169, 170, 172, 174, 176, 183, 219, 221, 224, 394, 397, 402
cosmopolitanism, 2122, 25, 197, 228, 317, 328, 341
cultural dimension, 60, 64, 68, 73, 104, 168, 253, 264, 266, 268, 280, 284, 293, 297299, 302304, 307, 325, 344, 396397, 406
democratic class compromise, 16, 52, 408, 418
Denmark, 56, 67, 105, 107, 171, 251252, 254256, 261262, 265, 271272, 275, 285, 287, 293, 341, 371, 379, 412
disproportionality, 96
distribution, 400
ecological fallacy, 144
economic
development, 11, 37, 5455, 59, 169, 349, 402
performance, 10, 13, 299, 304
policy, 81, 205, 299
redistribution. See redistribution
economic dimension, 317, 325, 329, 344, 396, 399, 406
economic sectors, 28, 30, 3233, 3637, 3940, 77, 79, 123, 133, 225, 228, 241, 283, 348349, 356, 411
education, 26, 28, 33, 56, 77, 81, 110, 113, 118, 120122, 143, 158, 165, 172, 179, 187, 197, 201, 206, 218, 220221, 226, 241, 256, 260, 349, 356, 395, 401, 405, 407, 411, 418419
higher, 31, 99, 241, 249, 410
lower, 26, 27, 28, 114, 172, 201, 414
and political preferences, 2529
secondary, 222
tertiary, 25, 27, 32, 83, 114, 206
electoral behavior, 67, 133, 140, 193, 199, 218, 225, 314, 403
electoral cycles, 308
electoral payoffs, 68, 184185, 314324, 328, 330, 332, 335, 339
electoral performance, 5, 6, 8, 51, 63, 6869, 173, 318319, 326, 328, 332, 343, 349350, 353, 367, 369370, 377, 382, 385386, 391
electoral support, 58, 142, 193, 237, 280, 283, 318, 329, 375, 412
electoral systems, 53, 58, 62, 75, 8384, 105, 147, 164, 199, 228, 239, 367, 379, 413414
FPTP, 59, 210, 300, 304
majoritarian, 77, 162
and party moderation, 300302
proportional representation, 3, 54, 59, 73, 7577, 84, 86, 88, 115, 162, 210, 229, 255, 371, 379, 383
SMD, 199
Westminster, 383, 391
employment, 2, 10, 2728, 3940, 55, 66, 78, 88, 94, 125, 128, 146, 228, 244, 253, 408, 418419
public sector, 2829, 219, 241, 356, 362
service sector, 221, 241
environment, 51, 105, 152, 155, 213214, 224, 284285, 418
environmental policy, 253, 255
environmental protection, 253
Eurobarometer, 222
European countries, 47, 61, 67, 92, 307, 371
European Election Studies, 66, 199, 212, 236
European Election Survey, 164, 171
European Parliament, 171, 200
European Social Survey, 65, 105, 108, 116, 121, 125, 222, 231
European Union, 279, 285, 345
family, 20, 22, 2930, 35, 44, 123124, 126, 146, 205, 215, 317, 349, 395396, 407, 418
fascism, 21
fertility rates, 35
financial crisis, 13, 16, 46, 73, 90, 95, 345
Finland, 92, 105, 107, 171, 174, 177
fiscal policy, 41, 69, 81, 83, 343, 345, 347, 349351, 353, 360, 362, 399400, 408
instruments, 350, 353
fixed effects, 94, 98, 116, 158, 350, 352
France, 46, 62, 78, 87, 90, 93, 102, 113, 166, 171, 173174, 326, 400, 414, 421
freedom, 1517
gender, 13, 20, 25, 29, 33, 35, 44, 52, 64, 83, 104, 116, 127, 158, 224, 249, 254, 256, 397, 407, 410, 418419
Germany, 46, 67, 90, 92, 105, 107, 112, 142, 146147, 149150, 152, 154156, 171, 174, 223, 230, 243, 251252, 256, 261262, 265, 271, 273, 275, 283, 293, 308, 341, 346, 352, 366, 371376, 379, 383, 390, 412
globalization, 13, 20, 22, 24, 26, 3743, 45, 122, 393, 402, 408409
governing party. See incumbency
government spending, 34, 81, 283, 343, 345, 347350, 353358, 360, 362
government status, 369, 379, 390
Great Depression, 12, 16
Great Recession, 16, 46, 345346
Greece, 46, 57, 59, 90, 93, 170, 413
green Left. See Green parties
green parties, 3, 78, 13, 25, 46, 5455, 58, 60, 62, 65, 7374, 8586, 92, 9495, 99, 108, 116, 131, 134, 136, 138, 143, 145, 150, 153, 161, 165, 174, 176, 180, 183, 186, 194, 199, 202, 208, 210, 218, 225, 227, 231, 234, 237, 239, 243244, 250, 254255, 259, 266267, 320, 324, 329330, 340, 397, 399, 404, 406, 410, 412, 414
green technologies, 37
health, 81, 228229, 349
insurance, 347
health care, 34, 81, 417419
high skilled labor, 31, 40, 55, 77, 79, 412
identity, 2, 8, 10, 15, 19, 22, 24, 26, 38, 44, 46, 52, 62, 162, 197198, 252, 264, 302, 346, 403, 406407, 412
ideology, 14, 68, 109, 114, 116, 143, 147, 152, 164165, 170, 174, 187, 208, 217, 234, 250, 252, 260, 262263, 268, 271272, 274, 279281, 291, 308, 325, 344, 395, 398, 410, 421
immigrants and immigration, 2, 13, 22, 24, 26, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 64, 104, 106, 108, 114, 116117, 145, 184, 196, 200, 205, 216, 224, 228, 231, 236, 241, 244, 253254, 256, 284285, 320, 326, 328, 330, 332, 397, 409410
income, 2, 2528, 32, 34, 45, 81, 158, 161, 197, 199, 201, 206, 223, 229, 241, 260, 304, 362, 401, 407, 411, 418419
inequality. See inequality
and political preferences, 2529
redistribution. See redistribution
incumbency, 10, 13, 291, 298, 304, 340, 346, 350, 372, 377378, 383, 386
industrial democracies, 105
industrial relations, 92, 126
inequality, 2, 18, 2122, 31, 62, 79, 84, 146, 229, 411
information processing, 11, 194, 391
intergenerational mobility, 64, 121, 123124, 126, 128, 130, 135136, 138, 140
Ireland, 62, 237, 371, 379
Italy, 59, 82, 90, 9293, 96, 171, 173, 400
justice, 17, 20
knowledge economy, 28, 33, 45, 53, 73, 7778, 86, 94, 166, 170, 199, 226, 243, 393, 398, 407, 418419
knowledge intensive economies. See knowledge economy
labor market, 21, 25, 2829, 3132, 3536, 3840, 4445, 56, 112, 219, 229, 253, 346
insiders, 29, 82
outsiders, 29
labor unions, 9, 30, 63, 76, 111, 118, 127, 158, 216218, 220223, 226227, 229, 234, 236, 241, 244, 350, 397
membership, 30, 108, 159, 220, 223, 227, 231, 234
leadership, 45, 69, 141, 203, 262, 367, 380, 388, 392
leader tenure, 368369, 380
leader turnover, 63, 70, 370, 374, 376378, 382390, 401, 413
LGBT, 104106, 108, 116117, 145, 231
liberalism, 21, 47, 60, 169, 216, 220, 320, 344, 402, 406
liberalization, 13, 38, 40, 81, 408409
libertarian parties, 78, 13, 25, 4647, 49, 56, 58, 6364, 67, 7374, 84, 92, 95, 99, 104, 106, 108, 113114, 116117, 119, 121, 129, 131, 134, 136, 138, 140, 145, 147, 150, 158, 165, 171, 174, 179180, 182183, 185186, 197198, 205, 208, 210211, 218219, 226229, 237, 241, 243, 250, 254, 267, 325, 330, 340, 357, 396, 401, 404
low skilled labor, 31, 3839, 4445, 123, 197, 411
market competition, 21, 28
Marxism, 12, 1517, 19, 21
media, 10, 13, 20, 142, 345, 370, 386, 393, 402, 409
median voter, 5152, 69, 254, 281, 317, 328329, 341342, 344, 395, 417
Mediterranean Europe, 3, 8, 56, 210, 219, 221222, 224, 236237, 239, 300301
middle class, 27, 4344, 54, 6566, 76, 82, 95, 114, 119123, 126, 129130, 138, 158, 165, 167, 172, 179, 182, 187, 216, 221222, 227, 230, 234, 243, 249, 253, 342, 347, 357, 394, 396397, 402, 412, 417
minority rights, 167, 234, 236, 253, 397, 406
Moderate Left, 58, 6364, 6869, 73, 84, 90, 116, 226, 228, 279, 284, 314, 319320, 329330, 332333, 342344, 346347, 350, 352, 356, 360361
Moderate Right, 47, 6465, 69, 85, 92, 95, 98, 106108, 113114, 116, 118119, 129, 131, 134, 136, 150, 153, 162, 165, 168, 171, 174, 184, 196, 202, 205, 208, 210, 251, 255, 259, 266, 269, 315, 328329, 333, 345, 347348, 360
moderation, 4344, 46, 68, 82, 254, 279, 303, 328, 337338, 400, 410
multiculturalism, 13, 24, 4546, 106, 253254, 410
Nash equilibria, 50, 314315, 322323, 333334
nationalism, 17, 44, 50, 52, 285, 320
nationalization, 15, 20
neoliberalism, 13, 102, 112
Netherlands, the, 46, 56, 78, 93, 102, 105, 107, 113, 166, 171, 173174, 287, 293, 308, 371, 379, 400, 412
New Zealand, 59, 371, 379, 383
Northwestern Europe, 3, 8, 54, 56, 59, 63, 65, 123125, 132133, 139, 177, 179, 184186, 230, 236237, 239, 241, 244, 300, 302, 304, 352, 412
Norway, 105, 107, 288, 371372, 379380
occupational structure, 9, 12, 2426, 28, 31, 33, 38, 45, 54, 81, 120, 122123, 125, 130, 138, 194, 197, 206, 216, 220221, 249, 405, 407, 411
panel data, 4, 65, 107, 142, 146147, 152, 395396
ParlGov dataset, 324, 349, 357, 377
partisan affiliations, 73, 227, 244
partisan alignment, 6, 8, 59, 63, 70, 122, 124, 128, 130, 133135, 139, 216, 393, 403
party, 166, 176, 290, 406, 419
brands, 57, 196, 282, 343, 346347, 350, 401
families, 3, 6, 8, 114, 121, 128, 154, 171, 221, 224, 236, 244, 285286, 320, 324, 390
identification, 11, 51, 53, 124, 149150, 152, 155156, 193, 196, 269, 316, 416
ideology, 282
leaders, 163, 195, 217, 279, 366367
linkages, 135
manifestos, 281, 285, 290, 293, 392
affiliation and membership, 217, 368, 371, 409
niche parties, 203
organization, 3, 147, 370, 392
policy positions, 290291, 306, 319, 370
preferences, 172
strategies, 11, 4445, 287, 318, 320321, 323, 408
party competition, 7374, 82, 95, 114, 141, 163, 177, 187, 199, 211, 253254, 272, 281, 285, 314, 336, 398, 403, 416
across geographies, 8386
issue salience, 52, 403404, 406
spatial theories, 5051, 194, 281, 286, 314316, 318, 324, 339, 343, 407
party system, 128, 229, 394
cartelization, 409
fragmentation, 53, 5759, 250, 403, 414
pensions, 25, 29, 32, 3435, 74, 8182, 258, 347, 349, 417419
polarization, 58, 62, 145, 266, 273, 291, 306, 403, 421
policy, 37, 169, 184, 338, 343, 420421
policy preferences, 67, 116, 146, 167, 185, 211, 218, 226, 239, 244, 403, 406
political competition, 20, 104, 249, 280, 287, 317, 344, 415
political entrepreneurs, 393, 402404, 409
populism, 54, 58, 7374, 85, 9294, 99, 224, 409, 415
Portugal, 59, 171, 179
post-industrial societies, 16, 74, 78, 111, 121123, 166, 249, 251, 300, 305, 414
poverty, 31, 35, 80
preferences, 16, 26, 28, 37, 123, 139, 169170, 195, 197, 208, 217, 231, 249, 279, 315, 414, 421
electoral, 135, 251, 256, 403, 417
programmatic, 4, 227, 252, 262, 265, 406
of union members, 223
programmatic appeals and preferences, 11, 67, 193, 228, 275, 392, 398, 400, 405, 416
public opinion, 45, 141, 279, 316, 328, 416
Radical Left, 25, 49, 65, 84, 92, 95, 103104, 107, 129, 132, 134, 166, 168, 176, 179, 185, 186, 198199, 206, 210, 229, 231, 234, 239, 251, 266, 320, 329, 357, 396, 410, 412, 414
Radical Right, 47, 6465, 85, 87, 90, 103104, 106107, 112, 129, 133, 141, 147, 161, 165, 171, 179180, 183, 185, 194, 196, 199, 203, 205, 239, 244, 250251, 254255, 266, 270, 284, 320, 328329, 332, 396, 398, 404, 410
Rawls, John, 1718
redistribution, 2, 16, 21, 28, 36, 4446, 74, 81, 84, 116, 167, 169, 205, 218, 223, 227, 229, 234, 236, 241, 243, 253254, 317, 320, 328, 330, 408, 410411
economic, 254, 397, 408
preferences, 27, 145, 194, 197, 341
regression models, 94, 116, 128, 130, 135, 142, 158, 234, 260, 289, 291292, 349350, 377, 384
regulation, 21, 28, 58, 213, 253254, 400, 415, 420
right-wing, 22, 39, 47, 56, 58, 109, 124, 126, 198, 204, 209, 220, 260, 272, 274, 282, 320, 325, 396, 406, 408409, 413, 415
Scandinavian and Nordic countries, 8, 46, 54, 63, 76, 78, 81, 92, 125, 164, 169, 174, 176, 183, 234, 300, 341, 397, 402, 412
Social Democracy, 1718, 23, 99, 106, 256, 324, 332, 421
challenges, 20, 31, 59, 74, 83, 8687, 99, 104, 110, 142144, 167, 174, 194, 239, 346, 351, 384, 390, 395396, 399, 403, 414, 419
coalitions, 2, 76, 144, 344
constituencies, 24, 27, 74, 106, 110, 122, 129130, 133, 143, 148, 163164, 168, 186, 197, 216, 267, 340, 344, 347, 356, 410, 418
electoral support, 85, 9699, 105, 112, 119, 138, 172, 218, 237, 250, 283, 285, 330, 412
erosion, 1, 3, 53, 92, 102, 106, 111, 118, 122, 141, 166, 173, 179, 202, 249, 308, 342, 361, 391, 395396
moderation, 280, 286, 293, 297, 305308
programmatic appeals, 1, 73, 104105, 120, 142143, 154, 162, 168170, 193, 205, 210, 216, 220, 244, 259, 267, 274, 283, 291, 400402, 410
strategies, 4, 81, 85, 140, 182, 184185, 187, 194, 205, 250251, 253256, 314, 332, 336339, 341, 360, 395, 398400, 417
vote shares, 78, 90, 94, 102, 357
social insurance, 13, 18, 21, 35, 224, 253
social investment, 25, 2728, 29, 33, 3536, 41, 4347, 56, 82, 167, 169, 253255, 348, 408
social policy, 44, 46, 62, 102, 119, 167, 211, 253254, 409, 419
social protection, 2, 18, 21, 23, 2526, 28, 33, 37, 39, 44, 46, 244, 408, 411
socialist parties, 1, 13, 41, 46, 65, 202, 211, 320, 326, 329, 401, 414
socialization, 64, 120121, 123, 125, 133, 138140, 216, 243
Southern Europe, 7, 5456, 59, 61, 105, 123, 125, 139, 164, 166, 170, 172, 174, 179180, 184, 187, 224, 397, 402
Spain, 46, 59, 67, 93, 171, 174, 179, 251252, 254, 256, 261262, 265, 271, 273, 275
standard errors, 94, 98, 116, 128, 132, 205
structural transformation, 23, 53, 120, 122123, 163, 166, 169, 249, 342, 344, 394, 421
subsidies, 35, 37, 41, 258
survey experiments, 67, 185, 256257, 275, 285, 371
Sweden, 21, 56, 67, 82, 87, 90, 96, 105, 107, 171, 251252, 254256, 261262, 271272, 275, 283, 293, 346, 371, 379380, 412
Switzerland, 65, 67, 92, 105, 107, 142, 146147, 150, 152153, 251252, 254, 256, 261262, 265, 271272, 275, 288, 341, 400, 412
taxes, 28, 34, 69, 253, 343, 347, 349350, 353357, 361362, 417
technological change, 12, 31, 33, 38, 123, 418
time-series, 199, 349
turnout, 108, 146, 200
unemployment, 51, 8182, 143, 158159, 307, 346347, 349350, 417
insurance, 74, 234
unionization, 29, 31, 66, 217, 219, 221, 223, 229, 237
United Kingdom, 7, 5859, 65, 78, 82, 84, 87, 95, 98, 115, 124, 142143, 146147, 150, 152, 154, 228, 237, 283, 287, 290, 293, 326, 346, 371, 379, 400401, 417
United States, 58, 7677, 8384, 228, 282, 401
universalism, 12, 21, 28, 44, 46, 61, 253
urbanization, 30, 37, 79, 82
vote choice, 3, 50, 63, 66, 105106, 108, 116, 118, 125, 142, 164, 170172, 194, 199200, 202, 205, 212, 224225, 285287, 289292, 295, 304, 306307, 368, 395
vote recall, 66, 106107, 144, 202, 304
vote shares, 7, 47, 59, 89, 94, 141, 147, 165, 172, 212, 250, 281, 293, 305, 319, 321, 325326, 334, 341, 343344, 349350, 352, 357, 360361, 385386, 394, 400, 421
vote switching, 113, 116, 142, 156, 158, 163, 179, 193, 196, 198, 202, 226227, 239, 292, 297, 299, 396
and party moderation, 297300
voting behavior, 148149, 236, 402, 409
voting propensities, 163, 165, 170172, 176, 182183, 185186, 212, 262, 267, 271, 297, 396, 401
wages, 25, 29, 32, 38, 69, 343, 348, 353, 362, 399400, 408
welfare chauvinism, 142, 145, 156, 220, 256
welfare state, 23, 16, 31, 54, 56, 62, 76, 79, 82, 84, 122, 145, 170, 199, 210, 229, 243, 253, 300, 347, 350, 361, 394, 402, 408, 419
Western Europe, 2, 7, 49, 60, 66, 102, 116, 122123, 125, 128, 132, 141, 145, 163, 173, 200, 216, 222, 249, 256, 279, 394, 396, 398, 420
working class, 2, 9, 11, 13, 43, 45, 59, 6465, 76, 81, 84, 95, 103104, 111, 114, 119121, 124, 131, 133, 135136, 140, 142, 144145, 147, 155, 158, 164165, 167, 172, 179, 186, 197198, 201, 206207, 217, 225, 249, 304, 344, 395396, 409410, 414415
younger cohorts, 61, 65, 120121, 124, 134135, 140, 159, 161, 212, 297, 394, 397, 401

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