Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-15T18:21:25.114Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2017

Jessica A. Stanton
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Violence and Restraint in Civil War
Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law
, pp. 289 - 310
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, Yonah, Brenner, Edgar H., and Krause, Serhat Tutuncuoglu. 2008. Turkey: Terrorism, Civil Rights, and the European Union. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amnesty International. 1985. East Timor Violations of Human Rights: Extrajudicial Executions, “Disappearances,” Torture and Political Imprisonment. London: Amnesty International Publications.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1989–2011. Amnesty International Annual Report. London: Amnesty International Publications.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1991a. “East Timor: After the Massacre.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1991b. “East Timor: Amnesty International Statement to the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization, August 1991.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1991c. “East Timor: The Santa Cruz Massacre.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1991d. “Uganda: Human Rights Violations by the National Resistance Army.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1993a. “Indonesia: ‘Shock Therapy’: Restoring Order in Aceh 1989–1993.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1993b. “Turkey: Escalation of Human Rights Abuses against Kurdish Villagers.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1994. “Indonesia/East Timor: Fact and Fiction: Implementing the Recommendations of the UN Commission on Human Rights.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1999. “Uganda: Breaking the Circle: Protecting Human Rights in the Northern War Zone.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2003. “Indonesia: Protecting the Protectors: Human Rights Defenders and Humanitarian Workers in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2004a. “Indonesia: New Military Operations, Old Patterns of Human Rights Abuses in Aceh (Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, NAD),” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2004b. “Sudan: At the Mercy of Killers – Destruction of Villages in Darfur.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2004c. “Sudan: Darfur – ‘Too Many People Killed for No Reason.’” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2004d. “Uganda: Stop the Slaughter.” Amnesty International Issue Brief.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2011a. “Libya: The Battle for Libya: Killings, Disappearances and Torture.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 2011b. “Libya: Misratah – Under Siege and Under Fire.” Amnesty International Report.Google Scholar
Arjona, Ana. 2014. “Wartime Institutions: A Research Agenda.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 58 (8): 13601389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asia Watch. 1992. Political Control, Human Rights, and the UN Mission in Cambodia. New York and Washington, DC: Asia Watch, a Division of Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2002. “Sovereignty, the Successor State, and Universal Human Rights: History and the International Structuring of Acehnese Nationalism.” Indonesia 73: 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2005. Opposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2006. “Violence and Identity Formation in Aceh under Indonesian Rule.” In Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem, edited by Reid, Anthony. Seattle: Singapore University Press in association with University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2007a. “The Construction of Grievance: Natural Resources and Identity in a Separatist Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 51 (6): 950972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2007b. “From Islamism to Nationalism in Aceh, Indonesia.” Nations and Nationalism 13 (2): 245263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2008. “Place and Displacement in the Aceh Conflict.” In Conflict, Violence, and Displacement in Indonesia, edited by Hedman, Eva-Lotta E.. Ithaca: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications.Google Scholar
Aspinall, Edward. 2009. Islam and Nation: Separatist Rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Aspinall, Edward, and Crouch, Harold. 2003. The Aceh Peace Process: Why It Failed. Policy Studies 1. Washington, DC: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Ronald R. 2009. From Uganda to the Congo and Beyond: Pursuing the Lord’s Resistance Army. New York: International Peace Institute.Google Scholar
Ayata, Bilgin, and Yükseker, Deniz. 2005. “A Belated Awakening: National and International Responses to the Internal Displacement of Kurds in Turkey.” New Perspectives on Turkey 32: 542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aydin, Aysegul, and Emrence, Cem. 2015. Zones of Rebellion: Kurdish Insurgents and the Turkish State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Azam, Jean-Paul. 2002. “Looting and Conflict between Ethnoregional Groups: Lessons for State Formation in Africa.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 46 (1): 131153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azam, Jean-Paul. 2006. “On Thugs and Heroes: Why Warlords Victimize Their Own Civilians.” Economics of Governance 7 (1): 5373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azam, Jean-Paul, and Hoeffler, Anke. 2002. “Violence against Civilians in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror?” Journal of Peace Research 39 (4): 461485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badan Pusat Statistik – Statistics Indonesia. 2011. Statistik Indonesia: Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2011. Jakarta: BPS – Statistics Indonesia.Google Scholar
Baghdasarian, Gegham. 2005. “A Karabakh Armenian Perspective.” In The Limits of Leadership: Elites and Societies in the Nagorny Karabakh Peace Process, edited by Broers, Laurence. Accord 17. London: Conciliation Resources.Google Scholar
Balcells, Laia. 2010. “Rivalry and Revenge: Violence against Civilians in Conventional Civil Wars.” International Studies Quarterly 54 (2): 291313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balcells, Laia. 2011. “Continuation of Politics by Two Means: Direct and Indirect Violence in Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 55 (3): 397422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkey, Henri J., and Fuller, Graham E.. 1998. Turkey’s Kurdish Question. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Barltrop, Richard. 2010. Darfur and the International Community: The Challenges of Conflict Resolution in Sudan. New York: I.B.Tauris & Co.Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael. 2003. Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bass, Gary Jonathan. 2000. Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrend, Heike. 1999. Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985–1997. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Bellamy, Alex J., Williams, Paul D., and Griffin, Stuart. 2010. Understanding Peacekeeping, Second Edition. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Berrebi, Claude, and Klor, Esteban F.. 2006. “On Terrorism and Electoral Outcomes: Theory and Evidence from the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (6): 899925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berrebi, Claude, and Klor, Esteban F.. 2008. “Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate.” American Political Science Review 102 (3): 279301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, Geoffrey. 1994. War and Law Since 1945. New York: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bevan, James. 2007. “The Myth of Madness: Cold Rationality and ‘Resource’ Plunder by the Lord’s Resistance Army.” Civil Wars 9 (4): 343358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, Graeme, Imai, Kosuke, and Lyall, Jason. 2014. “Comparing and Combining List and Endorsement Experiments: Evidence from Afghanistan.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (4): 10431063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blandy, Charles W. 2003. “Military Aspects of the Two Russo–Chechen Conflicts in Recent Times.” Central Asian Survey 22 (4): 421432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blattman, Christopher and Annan, Jeannie. 2010. “On the Nature and Causes of LRA Abduction: What the Abductees Say.” In The Lord’s Resistance Army: Myth and Reality, edited by Allen, Tim and Vlassenroot, Koen. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Bloom, Mia. 2005. Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Bob, Clifford. 2005. The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracamonte, José Angel Moroni, and Spencer, David E.. 1995. Strategy and Tactics of the Salvadoran FMLN Guerrillas: Last Battle of the Cold War, Blueprint for Future Conflicts. Westport: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Branch, Adam. 2005. “Neither Peace Nor Justice: Political Violence and the Peasantry in Northern Uganda, 1986–1998.” African Studies Quarterly 8 (2): 131.Google Scholar
Broers, Laurence. 2005. “The Politics of Non-Recognition and Democratisation.” In The Limits of Leadership: Elites and Societies in the Nagorny Karabakh Peace Process, edited by Broers, Laurence. Accord 17. London: Conciliation Resources.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, Alastair, Siverson, Randolph M., and Morrow, James D.. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge: The MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Morrow, James D., Siverson, Randolph M., and Smith, Alastair. 1999. “An Institutional Explanation of the Democratic Peace.” American Political Science Review 93 (4): 791807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burley, Anne-Marie. 1992. “Law among Liberal States: Liberal Internationalism and the Act of State Doctrine.” Columbia Law Review 92 (8): 19071996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, Hugh. 1996. El Salvador’s Civil War: A Study of Revolution. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, Sabine C., Colaresi, Michael P., and Mitchell, Neil J.. 2015. “Governments, Informal Links to Militias, and Accountability.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59 (5): 850876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cederman, Lars-Erik, and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. 2009. “Introduction to Special Issue on ‘Disaggregating Civil War.’” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (4): 487495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Çelik, Ayşa Betül. 2005. “Transnationalization of Human Rights Norms and Its Impact on Internally Displaced Kurds.” Human Rights Quarterly 27 (3): 969997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence. 1986. “El Salvador: A Net Assessment of the War, An Intelligence Assessment.” Central Intelligence Agency Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. Available from www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/.Google Scholar
Central Intelligence Agency Director of Central Intelligence. 1989. “El Salvador: Government and Insurgent Prospects, Special National Intelligence Estimate.” Central Intelligence Agency Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. Available from www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/.Google Scholar
Chandra, Siddharth, and Kammen, Douglas. 2002. “Generating Reforms and Reforming Generations: Military Politics in Indonesia’s Democratic Transition and Consolidation.” World Politics 55 (1): 96136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chayes, Abram, and Chayes, Antonia Handler. 1993. “On Compliance.” International Organization 47 (2): 175205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chenoweth, Erica. 2010. “Democratic Competition and Terrorist Activity.” The Journal of Politics 72 (1): 1630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Dara Kay. 2013. “Explaining Rape during Civil War: Cross-National Evidence (1980–2009).” American Political Science Review 107 (3): 461477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Robert O. 2008. A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR). 2005. Chega! The Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste (CAVR). Dili.Google Scholar
Cornell, Svante E. 1999. The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Report No. 46. Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University.Google Scholar
Cornell, Svante E. 2001. “Democratization Falters in Azerbaijan.” Journal of Democracy 12 (2): 118131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights. 2009. Report by Thomas Hammarberg, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, following his visit to Turkey on 28 June–3 July 2009. Available from www.coe.int.Google Scholar
Crawford, Timothy W. 2006. “Moral Hazard, Intervention and Internal War: A Conceptual Analysis.” In Gambling on Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Hazard, Rebellion and Civil War, edited by Crawford, Timothy W. and Kuperman, Alan J.. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Martha. 1981. “The Causes of Terrorism.” Comparative Politics 13 (4): 379399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crenshaw, Martha, ed. 1995. Terrorism in Context. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Croissant, Michael P. 1998. The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications. Westport: Praeger Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, David E., Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Salehyan, Idean. 2009. “It Takes Two: A Dyadic Analysis of Civil War Duration and Outcome.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (4): 570597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dai, Xinyuan. 2005. “Why Comply? The Domestic Constituency Mechanism.” International Organization 59 (2): 363398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M. W. 2007. Darfur’s Sorrow: A History of Destruction and Genocide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, Matt. 2006. Indonesia’s War over Aceh: Last Stand on Mecca’s Porch. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Waal, Alex. 2007. “Sudan: The Turbulent State.” In War in Darfur and the Search for Peace, edited by de Waal, Alex. Global Equality Initiative, Harvard University and Justice Africa.Google Scholar
de Waal, Thomas. 2003. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
de Waal, Thomas. 2010. “Remaking the Nagorno-Karabakh Peace Process.” Survival 52 (4): 159176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denber, Rachel, and Goldman, Robert K.. 1992. Bloodshed in the Caucasus: Escalation of the Armed Conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki.Google Scholar
DeRouen, Karl R., and Sobek, David. 2004. “The Dynamics of Civil War Duration and Outcome.” Journal of Peace Research 41 (3): 303320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Des Forges, Alison. 1999. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
di Tiro, Hasan M. 1980. “The Legal Status of Acheh Sumatra under International Law,” National Liberation Front Acheh-Sumatra. Available from asnlf.org.Google Scholar
Di Tiro, Hasan M. 1984. The Price of Freedom: The Unfinished Diary of Tengku Hasan di Tiro. Aceh: Ministry of Education and Information, National Liberation Front of Acheh Sumatra.Google Scholar
Doom, Ruddy and Vlassenroot, Koen. 1999. “Kony’s Message: A New Koine? The Lord’s Resistance Army in Northern Uganda.” African Affairs 98 (390): 536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, Alexander B. 2006. “Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: The Causes of Civilian Victimization in War.” International Security 30 (4): 152195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, Alexander B. 2007. “Draining the Sea by Filling the Graves: Investigating the Effectiveness of Indiscriminate Violence as a Counterinsurgency Strategy.” Civil Wars 9 (4): 420444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, Alexander B. 2008. Targeting Civilians in War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Doyle, Michael W. 1986. “Liberalism and World Politics.” American Political Science Review 80 (4): 11511169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doyle, Michael W., and Sambanis, Nicholas. 2006. Making War and Building Peace: United Nations Peace Operations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, James. 1996. Timor: A People Betrayed. Sydney: ABC Books.Google Scholar
Eck, Kristine, and Hultman, Lisa. 2007. “One-Sided Violence against Civilians in War: Insights from New Fatality Data.” Journal of Peace Research 44 (2): 233246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ergil, Dogu. 2000. “The Kurdish Question in Turkey.” Journal of Democracy 11 (3): 122135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission. 1997. Agenda 2000: For a Stronger and Wider Union. Bulletin of the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.Google Scholar
European Commission. 1998. “Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress towards Accession, 1998.” European Commission of the European Union.Google Scholar
European Commission. 1999. “Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress towards Accession, 1999.” European Commission of the European Union.Google Scholar
Fearon, James D. 2004. “Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer than Others?” Journal of Peace Research 41 (3): 275301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fearon, James D., and Laitin, David D.. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97 (1): 7590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnemore, Martha, and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52 (4): 887917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnström, Sverker. 2006. “Wars of the Past and War in the Present: The Lord’s Resistance Movement/Army in Uganda.” Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 76 (2): 200220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnström, Sverker. 2008. Living with Bad Surroundings: War, History, and Everyday Moments in Northern Uganda. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Flint, Julie. 2007. “Darfur’s Armed Movements.” In War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. Global Equality Initiative, Harvard University and Justice Africa.Google Scholar
Flint, Julie, and de Waal, Alex. 2008. Darfur: A New History of a Long War. 2nd ed. London: Zed Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortna, Virginia Page. 2008. Does Peacekeeping Work? Shaping Belligerents’ Choices after Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fujii, Lee Ann. 2009. Killing Neighbors: Webs of Violence in Rwanda. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Gallab, Abdullahi A. 2008. The First Islamist Republic: Development and Disintegration of Islamism in the Sudan. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Gandhi, Jennifer. 2008. Political Institutions under Dictatorship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandhi, Jennifer, and Lust-Okar, Ellen. 2009. “Elections under Authoritarianism.” Annual Review of Political Science 12 (1): 403422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gartner, Scott Sigmund, and Segura, Gary M.. 1998. “War, Casualties, and Public Opinion.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 42 (3): 278300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, Scott, and Strand, Håvard. 2006. “Modeling the Duration of Civil Wars: Measurement and Estimation Issues.” Working Paper. PRIO: Centre for the Study of Civil War.Google Scholar
Geddes, Barbara. 1999. “What Do We Know about Democratization after Twenty Years?” Annual Review of Political Science 2 (1): 115144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersony, Robert. 1997. “The Anguish of Northern Uganda: Results of a Field-Based Assessment of the Civil Conflicts in Northern Uganda.” Report submitted to the US Embassy and USAID Mission, Kampala.Google Scholar
Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. 2002. “Expanded Trade and GDP Data.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 46 (5): 712724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleditsch, Kristian S., and Ward, Michael D.. 2001. “Measuring Space: A Minimum-Distance Database and Applications to International Studies.” Journal of Peace Research 38 (6): 739758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Wallensteen, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Sollenberg, Margareta, and Strand, Håvard. 2002. “Armed Conflict 1946–2001: A New Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 39 (5): 615637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Ryan, and Jinks, Derek. 2004. “How to Influence States: Socialization and International Human Rights Law.” Duke Law Journal 54 (3): 621703.Google Scholar
Greenhill, Kelly M. 2010. Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grewal, Sharanbir, and Voeten, Erik. 2015. “Are New Democracies Better Human Rights Compliers?” International Organization 69 (2): 497518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunter, Michael M. 1997. The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gunter, Michael M. 1998. “Abdullah Öcalan: ‘We Are Fighting Turks Everywhere.’Middle East Quarterly 5 (2). Available from www.meforum.org/399/abdullah-ocalan-we-are-fighting-turks-everywhere.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez Sanín, Francisco, and Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2014. “Ideology in Civil War: Instrumental Adoption and Beyond.” Journal of Peace Research 51 (2): 213226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. 2005. “Trading Human Rights: How Preferential Trade Agreements Influence Government Repression.” International Organization 59 (3): 593629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. 2008. “Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem.” International Organization 62 (4): 689716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner‐Burton, Emilie M., and Tsutsui, Kiyoteru. 2005. “Human Rights in a Globalizing World: The Paradox of Empty Promises.” American Journal of Sociology 110 (5): 13731411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., and Tsutsui, Kiyoteru. 2007. “Justice Lost! The Failure of International Human Rights Law to Matter Where Needed Most.” Journal of Peace Research 44 (4): 407425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Tsutsui, Kiyoteru, and Meyer, John W.. 2008. “International Human Rights Law and the Politics of Legitimation: Repressive States and Human Rights Treaties.” International Sociology 23 (1): 115141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagan, John, and Palloni, Alberto. 2006. “Death in Darfur.” Science 313 (5793): 1578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hajek, John. 2000. “Towards a Language History of East Timor.” Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica – Università di Firenze 10: 213227.Google Scholar
Harff, Barbara. 2003. “No Lessons Learned from the Holocaust? Assessing Risks of Genocide and Political Mass Murder since 1955.” American Political Science Review 97 (1): 5773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hathaway, Oona A. 2002. “Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference.” Yale Law Journal 111: 19352042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hathaway, Oona A. 2007. “Why Do Countries Commit to Human Rights Treaties?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 51 (4): 588621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie, and Doswald-Beck, Louise. 2005. Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume 1: Rules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, Helen M. 2002. Stirrings of Nationalism in East Timor, Fretilin 1974–1978: The Origins, Ideologies and Strategies of a Nationalist Movement. Sydney: Otford Press.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Bruce. 2006. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Hoover Green, Amelia. 2011. Repertoires of Violence against Noncombatants: The Role of Armed Group Institutions and Ideologies. Ph.D. Dissertation. Yale University.Google Scholar
Hovil, Lucy, and Werker, Eric. 2005. “Portrait of a Failed Rebellion: An Account of Rational, Sub-Optimal Violence in Western Uganda.” Rationality and Society 17 (1): 534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovil, Lucy and Quinn, Joanna R.. 2005. Peace First, Justice Later: Traditional Justice in Northern Uganda. Refugee Law Project Working Paper No. 17. Kampala: Refugee Law Project.Google Scholar
Huber, Konrad. 2004. The HDC in Aceh: Promises and Pitfalls of NGO Mediation and Implementation. Policy Studies 9. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Hultman, Lisa. 2007. “Battle Losses and Rebel Violence: Raising the Costs for Fighting.” Terrorism and Political Violence 19 (2): 205222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hultman, Lisa. 2009. “The Power to Hurt in Civil War: The Strategic Aim of RENAMO Violence.” Journal of Southern African Studies 35 (4): 821834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hultman, Lisa. 2012. “Attacks on Civilians in Civil War: Targeting the Achilles Heel of Democratic Governments.” International Interactions 38 (2): 164181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Human Rights and Peace Centre (HURIPEC). 2003. The Hidden War: The Forgotten People, War in Acholiland and Its Ramifications for Peace and Security in Uganda. Kampala: Human Rights and Peace Centre, Makerere University Faculty of Law and Liu Institute for Global Issues.Google Scholar
Human Rights Foundation of Turkey. 1995. Turkey Human Rights Report 1994. Ankara: Human Rights Foundation of Turkey.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 1989–2012. Human Rights Watch World Report. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 1990. “Indonesia: Human Rights Abuses in Aceh.” Human Rights Watch Report 2 (16).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 1991a. “East Timor: The November 12 Massacre and Its Aftermath.” Human Rights Watch Report 3 (26).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 1991b. “Indonesia: Continuing Human Rights Violations in Aceh.” Human Rights Watch Report 3 (16).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 1992. “Indonesia: Commission of Inquiry Needed for Aceh.” Human Rights Watch Report 4 (5).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 1999. “Turkey: Violations of Free Expression in Turkey.” Human Rights Watch Report.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2001. “Indonesia: The War in Aceh.” Human Rights Watch Report 13 (4).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2002a. “Displaced and Disregarded: Turkey’s Failing Village Return Program.” Human Rights Watch Report 14 (7).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2002b. “Questions and Answers: Freedom of Expression and Language Rights in Turkey.” Human Rights Watch Report.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2003. “Aceh under Martial Law: Inside the Secret War.” Human Rights Watch Report 15 (10).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2004a. “Darfur Destroyed: Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan.” Human Rights Watch Report 16 (6).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2004b. “Darfur in Flames: Atrocities in Western Sudan.” Human Rights Watch Report 16 (5).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2005. “Entrenching Impunity: Government Responsibility for International Crimes in Darfur.” Human Rights Watch Report 17 (17).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2008. “‘They Shot at Us as We Fled’: Government Attacks on Civilians in West Darfur in February 2008.” Human Rights Watch Report.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2009. “The Christmas Massacres: LRA Attacks on Civilians in Northern Congo.” Human Rights Watch Report.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2010. “Trail of Death: LRA Atrocities in Northeastern Congo.” Human Rights Watch Report.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2011. “Darfur in the Shadows: The Sudanese Government’s Ongoing Attacks on Civilians and Human Rights.” Human Rights Watch Report.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch/Africa. 1994. Civilian Devastation: Abuses by All Parties in the War in Southern Sudan. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch/Asia. 1994. The Limits of Openness: Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. 1994. Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Humphreys, Macartan, and Weinstein, Jeremy M.. 2006. “Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War.” American Political Science Review 100 (3): 429447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huxley, Tim. 2002. Disintegrating Indonesia? Implications for Regional Security. Adelphi Paper 349. New York: Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Imset, Ismet G. 1995. “The PKK: Freedom Fighters or Terrorists?” American Kurdish Information Network (AKIN). Available from www.kurdistan.org/work/commentary/the-pkk-freedom-fighters-or-terrorists/.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court. 2007a. Warrant of Arrest for Ahmad Harun. The Hague. Available from www.icc-cpi.int.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court. 2007b. Warrant of Arrest for Ali Kushayb. The Hague. Available from www.icc-cpi.int.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court. 2009. Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir. The Hague. Available from www.icc-cpi.int.Google Scholar
International Criminal Court. 2010. Second Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir. The Hague. Available from www.icc-cpi.int.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2000a. “Aceh: Escalating Tension.” ICG Asia Briefing 4.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2000b. “Indonesia: Keeping the Military under Control.” ICG Asia Report 9.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2001a. “Aceh: Can Autonomy Stem the Conflict?” ICG Asia Report 18.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2001b. “Indonesia: Impunity Versus Accountability for Gross Human Rights Violations.” ICG Asia Report 12.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2002a. “Dialogue or Destruction? Organising for Peace as the War in Sudan Escalates.” ICG Africa Report 48.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2002b. “God, Oil and Country: Changing the Logic of War in Sudan.” ICG Africa Report 39.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2003a. “Aceh: How Not to Win Hearts and Minds.” ICG Asia Briefing 27.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2003b. “Sudan’s Other Wars.” ICG Africa Briefing 14.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2004a. “Darfur Rising: Sudan’s New Crisis.” ICG Africa Report 76.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2004b. “Northern Uganda: Understanding and Solving the Conflict.” ICG Africa Report 77.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2005a. “Building a Comprehensive Peace Strategy for Northern Uganda.” ICG Africa Briefing 27.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2005b. “Darfur: The Failure to Protect.” ICG Africa Report 89.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2005c. “Nagorno-Karabakh: A Plan for Peace.” ICG Europe Report 167.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2005d. “Nagorno-Karabakh: Viewing the Conflict from the Ground.” ICG Europe Report 166.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2005e. “Shock Therapy for Northern Uganda’s Peace Process.” ICG Africa Briefing 23.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2005f. “Unifying Darfur’s Rebels: A Prerequisite for Peace.” ICG Africa Briefing 32.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2006a. “A Strategy for Ending Northern Uganda’s Crisis.” ICG Africa Briefing 35.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2006b. “Darfur’s Fragile Peace Agreement.” ICG Africa Briefing 39.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2007a. “Nagorno-Karabakh: Risking War.” ICG Europe Report 187.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2007b. “Northern Uganda Peace Process: The Need to Maintain Momentum.” ICG Africa Briefing 46.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2007c. “Northern Uganda: Seizing the Opportunity for Peace.” ICG Africa Report 124.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2008. “Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement: Beyond the Crisis.” ICG Africa Briefing 50.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2009. “Sudan: Preventing Implosion.” ICG Africa Briefing 68.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2011a. “Holding Libya Together: Security Challenges after Qadhafi.” ICG Middle East/North Africa Report 115.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2011b. “Popular Protest in North Africa and the Middle East (V): Making Sense of Libya.” ICG Middle East/North Africa Report 107.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2012. “Turkey’s Kurdish Impasse: The View from Diyarbakir.” ICG Europe Report 222.Google Scholar
International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES). 2002. “Final Report: National Public Opinion Survey 2002, Republic of Indonesia.” International Foundation for Election Systems. Available from www.ifes.org.Google Scholar
International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES). 2003. “National Public Opinion Survey 2003, Republic of Indonesia.” International Foundation for Election Systems. Available from www.ifes.org.Google Scholar
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). 1989–2010. The Military Balance. London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Jemadu, Aleksius. 2006. “Democratisation, the Indonesian Armed Forces and the Resolving of the Aceh Conflict.” In Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem, edited by Reid, Anthony. Seattle: Singapore University Press in association with University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Jentleson, Bruce W., and Whytock, Christopher A.. 2006. “Who ‘Won’ Libya? The Force-Diplomacy Debate and Its Implications for Theory and Policy.” International Security 30 (3): 4786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jo, Hyeran. 2015. Compliant Rebels: Rebel Groups and International Law in World Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jo, Hyeran, and Thomson, Catarina P.. 2014. “Legitimacy and Compliance with International Law: Access to Detainees in Civil Conflicts, 1991–2006.” British Journal of Political Science 44 (2): 323355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johanson, Vanessa. 1999. “The Sultan Will Be Dr Hasan Tiro.” Inside Indonesia (60): 10.Google Scholar
Jolliffe, Jill. 1978. East Timor: Nationalism and Colonialism. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press.Google Scholar
Jolliffe, Jill. 2009. Balibo. Melbourne: Scribe.Google Scholar
Jongerden, Joost. 2007. The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatical Policies, Modernity and War. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen, and Lanz, David. 2013. “Globalised Rebellion: The Darfur Insurgents and the World.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 51 (2): 193217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 1999. “Wanton and Senseless?: The Logic of Massacres in Algeria.” Rationality and Society 11 (3): 243285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2001. “‘New’ and ‘Old’ Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction?” World Politics 54 (1): 99118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2004. “The Paradox of Terrorism in Civil War.” The Journal of Ethics 8 (1): 97138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2008. “Promises and Pitfalls of an Emerging Research Program: The Microdynamics of Civil War.” In Order, Conflict, and Violence, edited by Kalyvas, Stathis N., Shapiro, Ian, and Masoud, Tarek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N., and Balcells, Laia. 2010. “International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict.” American Political Science Review 104 (3): 415429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N., and Kocher, Matthew Adam. 2007. “How ‘Free’ Is Free Riding in Civil Wars? Violence, Insurgency, and the Collective Action Problem.” World Politics 59 (2): 177216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamrava, Mehran. 2001. “State-Building in Azerbaijan: The Search for Consolidation.” Middle East Journal 55 (2): 216236.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 2003. To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch. Translated by Humphrey, Ted. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Keith, Linda Camp, Tate, C. Neal, and Poe, Steven C.. 2009. “Is The Law a Mere Parchment Barrier to Human Rights Abuse?” The Journal of Politics 71 (2): 644660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, Kerry. 2000. Speak Truth to Power: Human Rights Defenders Who Are Changing Our World. Edited by Richardson, Nan. New York: Umbrage Editions.Google Scholar
Kiernan, Ben. 2003. “The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975–79, and East Timor, 1975–80.” Critical Asian Studies 35 (4): 585597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Gary, Tomz, Michael, and Wittenberg, Jason. 2000. “Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation.” American Journal of Political Science 44 (2): 347361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingsbury, Damien. 2003. Power Politics and the Indonesian Military. New York: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
Kirişci, Kemal, and Winrow, Gareth M.. 1997. The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-State Ethnic Conflict. Portland: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Kocher, Matthew. 2002. “The Decline of PKK and the Viability of a One-state Solution in Turkey.” International Journal on Multicultural Studies 4 (1): 128147.Google Scholar
Koh, Harold Hongju. 1997. “Why Do Nations Obey International Law?” Yale Law Journal 106 (8): 25992659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koh, Harold Hongju. 1998. “The 1998 Frankel Lecture: Bringing International Law Home.” Houston Law Review 35: 623681.Google Scholar
KPP HAM. 2000. Full Report of the Investigative Commission into Human Rights Violations in East Timor. Jakarta: KPP HAM. Reprinted in Masters of Terror: Indonesia’s Military and Violence in East Timor, edited by Tanter, Richard, Ball, Desmond, and van Klinken, Gerry. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.Google Scholar
Krueger, Alan B., and Laitin, David D.. 2008. “Kto Kogo?: A Cross-Country Study of the Origins and Targets of Terrorism.” In Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness, edited by Keefer, Philip and Loayza, Norman, 148173. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuperman, Alan J. 2006. “Suicidal Rebellions and the Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention.” In Gambling on Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Hazard, Rebellion and Civil War, edited by Crawford, Timothy W. and Kuperman, Alan J.. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kurban, Dilek. 2007. “Human Rights Watch, Kurdish Human Rights Project, and the European Court of Human Rights on Internal Displacement in Turkey.” In Coming to Terms with Forced Migration: Post-Displacement Restitution of Citizenship Rights in Turkey, 119144. Istanbul: Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) Publications.Google Scholar
Kurban, Dilek. 2012. Reparations and Displacement in Turkey: Lessons Learned from the Compensation Law. Case Studies on Transitional Justice and Displacement. International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) and the Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement.Google Scholar
Kurban, Dilek, Erözden, Ozan, and Gülalp, Haldun. 2008. Supranational Rights Litigation, Implementation and the Domestic Impact of Strasbourg Court Jurisprudence: A Case Study of Turkey. Case Study Report. JURISTRAS.Google Scholar
Kydd, Andrew H., and Walter, Barbara F.. 2006. “The Strategies of Terrorism.” International Security 31 (1): 4980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacina, Bethany, and Gleditsch, Nils Petter. 2005. “Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths.” European Journal of Population 21 (2): 145166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamwaka, Caroline. 2002. “The Peace Process in Northern Uganda 1986–1990.” In Protracted Conflict, Elusive Peace: Initiatives to End the Violence in Northern Uganda, edited by Okello Lucima. Conciliation Resources, Accord Programme.Google Scholar
Lawrence, T.E. 1929. “Science of Guerrilla Warfare.” The Encyclopædia Britannica. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica.Google Scholar
Leeds, Brett Ashley, Ritter, Jeffrey M., Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, and Long, Andrew G.. 2002. “Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815–1944.” International Interactions 28 (3): 237260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeMoyne, James. 1989. “El Salvador’s Forgotten War.” Foreign Affairs 68 (3): 105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Quan. 2005. “Does Democracy Promote or Reduce Transnational Terrorist Incidents?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (2): 278297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liddle, R. William. 1996. “Indonesia: Suharto’s Tightening Grip.” Journal of Democracy 7 (4): 5872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 2007. Thinking about Democracy: Power Sharing and Majority Rule in Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lomo, Zachary, and Hovil, Lucy. 2004. “Behind the Violence: Causes, Consequences and the Search for Solutions to the War in Northern Uganda.” Refugee Law Project Working Paper 11. Kampala, Uganda: Refugee Law Project.Google Scholar
Lupu, Yonatan. 2013. “Best Evidence: The Role of Information in Domestic Judicial Enforcement of International Human Rights Agreements.” International Organization 67 (3): 469503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyall, Jason. 2009. “Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks? Evidence from Chechnya.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (3): 331362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyall, Jason. 2010. “Are Coethnics More Effective Counterinsurgents? Evidence from the Second Chechen War.” American Political Science Review 104 (1): 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyall, Jason, Blair, Graeme, and Imai, Kosuke. 2013. “Explaining Support for Combatants during Wartime: A Survey Experiment in Afghanistan.” American Political Science Review 107 (4): 679705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malone, Margaret Mary. 2004. Regulation of Lobbyists in Developed Countries: Current Rules and Practices. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, National University of Ireland.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. 1984. Imperialism and Fascism in Uganda. Africa World Press.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. 2001. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian. 2011. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Manekin, Devorah. 2013. “Violence Against Civilians in the Second Intifada: The Moderating Effect of Armed Group Structure on Opportunistic Violence.” Comparative Political Studies 46 (10): 12731300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansfield, Edward D., and Snyder, Jack. 1995. “Democratization and the Danger of War.” International Security 20 (1): 538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansfield, Edward D., and Snyder, Jack. 2005. Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War. Cambridge: The MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansfield, Edward D., and Pevehouse, Jon C.. 2006. “Democratization and International Organizations.” International Organization 60 (1): 137167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manwaring, Max G., and Prisk, Court, eds. 1988. El Salvador at War: An Oral History of Conflict from the 1979 Insurrection to the Present. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press.Google Scholar
Mao, Zedong. 1961. On Guerrilla Warfare. Translated by Griffith, Samuel B. New York: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Marcus, Aliza. 2007. Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence. New York: NYU Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., and Marshall, Donna Ramsey. 2014. “Coup D’Etat Events, 1946–2013: Codebook.” Center for Systemic Peace. Available from www.systemicpeace.org.Google Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., and Jaggers, Keith. 2009. “Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2007.” Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Mathews, Jessica T. 1997. “Power Shift.” Foreign Affairs 76 (1): 5066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClintock, Cynthia. 1998. Revolutionary Movements in Latin America: El Salvador’s FMLN and Peru’s Shining Path. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Melander, Erik. 2001. “The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Revisited: Was the War Inevitable?” Journal of Cold War Studies 3 (2): 4875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merom, Gil. 2003. How Democracies Lose Small Wars: State, Society, and the Failures of France in Algeria, Israel in Lebanon, and the United States in Vietnam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mietzner, Marcus. 2006. The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Elite Conflict, Nationalism, and Institutional Resistance. Policy Studies 23. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Mietzner, Marcus. 2009a. Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Mietzner, Marcus. 2009b. “Political Opinion Polling in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: Catalyst or Obstacle to Democratic Consolidation?” Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania 165 (1): 95126.Google Scholar
Miller, Michelle Ann. 2006. “What’s So Special About Special Autonomy in Aceh?” In Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem, edited by Reid, Anthony. Seattle: Singapore University Press in association with University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Minorities at Risk Project. 2007. Minorities at Risk (MAR) Codebook Version 2/2009. College Park: Center for International Development and Conflict Management.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Neil J., Carey, Sabine C., and Butler, Christopher K.. 2014. “The Impact of Pro-Government Militias on Human Rights Violations.” International Interactions 40 (5): 812836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moravcsik, Andrew. 2000. “The Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe.” International Organization 54 (2): 217252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, T. Clifton, Bapat, Navin, and Krustev, Valentin. 2009. “The Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions, 1971–2000.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 26 (1): 92110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrow, James D. 2007. “When Do States Follow the Laws of War?” American Political Science Review 101 (3): 559572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrow, James D. 2014. Order within Anarchy: The Laws of War as an International Institution. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrow, James D., and Jo, Hyeran. 2006. “Compliance with the Laws of War: Dataset and Coding Rules.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 23 (1): 91113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller, John. 1973. War, Presidents and Public Opinion. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Mueller, John. 2005. “The Iraq Syndrome.” Foreign Affairs 84 (6): 4454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, Ann Marie. 2010. “U.S. Rapprochement with Indonesia: From Problem State to Partner.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 32 (3): 362387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natsios, Andrew S. 2012. Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nessen, William. 2006. “Sentiments Made Visible: The Rise and Reason of Aceh’s National Liberation Movement.” In Verandah of Violence: Background to the Aceh Problem, edited by Reid, Anthony. Seattle: Singapore University Press in association with University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Neumayer, Eric. 2005. “Do International Human Rights Treaties Improve Respect for Human Rights?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (6): 925953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol, Bill. 2002. Timor: A Nation Reborn. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing.Google Scholar
Niner, Sarah. 2001. “A Long Journey of Resistance: The Origins and Struggle of CNRT.” In Bitter Flowers, Sweet Flowers: East Timor, Indonesia, and the World Community, edited by Tanter, Richard, Selden, Mark, and Shalom, Stephen R.. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
OECD. 2009. Lobbyists, Governments and Public Trust, Volume 1. OECD Publishing. Available from www.oecd.org.Google Scholar
OECD. 2012. Lobbyists, Governments and Public Trust, Volume 2. OECD Publishing. Available from www.oecd.org.Google Scholar
O’Kadameri, Billie. 2002. “LRA and Government Negotiations, 1993–1994.” In Protracted Conflict, Elusive Peace: Initiatives to End the Violence in Northern Uganda. London: Conciliation Resources, Accord Program.Google Scholar
Oneal, John, and Russett, Bruce. 2001. Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, Meghan L. 2003. Shrewd Sanctions: Statecraft and State Sponsors of Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Panico, Christopher. 1995. “Turkey’s Kurdish Conflict.” Jane’s Intelligence Review 7 (4).Google Scholar
Pape, Robert A. 1996. Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Pape, Robert A. 2003. “The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism.” American Political Science Review 97 (3): 343361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 1998. Humanitarian Situation of the Kurdish Refugees and Displaced Persons in South-East Turkey and North Iraq. Report of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Demography, 3 June, Doc. 8131.Google Scholar
Paul, Rachel Anderson. 2000. “Grassroots Mobilization and Diaspora Politics: Armenian Interest Groups and the Role of Collective Memory.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 6 (1): 2447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peceny, Mark, and Stanley, William D.. 2010. “Counterinsurgency in El Salvador.” Politics & Society 38 (1): 6794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pham, Phuong, Vinck, Patrick, and Stover, Eric. 2008. “The Lord’s Resistance Army and Forced Conscription in Northern Uganda.” Human Rights Quarterly 30: 404411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, Constâncio, and Jardine, Matthew. 1997. Inside the East Timor Resistance. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company.Google Scholar
Powell, Emilia Justyna, and Staton, Jeffrey K.. 2009. “Domestic Judicial Institutions and Human Rights Treaty Violation.” International Studies Quarterly 53 (1): 149174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, Jonathan M., and Thyne, Clayton L.. 2011. “Global Instances of Coups from 1950 to 2010: A New Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 48 (2): 249259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, Samantha. 2002. A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. New York: Harper Perennial.Google Scholar
Prisk, Courtney E. 1991. The Comandante Speaks: Memoirs of an El Salvadoran Guerrilla Leader. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Prunier, Gérard. 1995. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Prunier, Gerard. 2004. “Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986–99).” African Affairs 103 (412): 359383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prunier, Gérard. 2005. Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Ramos-Horta, José. 1987. Funu: The Unfinished Saga of East Timor. The Red Sea Press.Google Scholar
Reeves, Eric. 2006. “Quantifying Genocide in Darfur.” Available from www.sudanreeves.org.Google Scholar
Regan, Patrick M., Frank, Richard W., and Aydin, Aysegul. 2009. “Diplomatic Interventions and Civil War: A New Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 46 (1): 135146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, Anthony. 2004. “War, Peace and the Burden of History in Aceh.” Asian Ethnicity 5 (3): 301314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reiter, Dan, and Stam, Allan C.. 2002. Democracies at War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risse, Thomas, and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1999. “The Socialization of International Human Rights Norms into Domestic Practices: Introduction.” In The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change, edited by Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C., and Sikkink, Kathryn, 138. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C., and Sikkink, Kathryn, eds. 2013. The Persistent Power of Human Rights: From Commitment to Compliance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, Geoffrey. 1999. Crimes Against Humanity: The Struggle for Global Justice. New York: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, Geoffrey. 1998. “Rawan Is as Rawan Does: The Origins of Disorder in New Order Aceh.” Indonesia 66: 127156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowland, Richard. 2008. “Population Trends in a Contested Pseudo-State: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 49 (1): 99111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rummel, R.J. 1994. Death by Government. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Rummel, R.J. 1997. Power Kills: Democracy as a Method of Nonviolence. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Russett, Bruce. 1994. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Saideman, Stephen M. 2001. The Ties That Divide: Ethnic Politics, Foreign Policy, and International Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salehyan, Idean, Siroky, David, and Wood, Reed M.. 2014. “External Rebel Sponsorship and Civilian Abuse: A Principal-Agent Analysis of Wartime Atrocities.” International Organization 68 (3): 633661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samayoa, Salvador, and Karl, Terry. 1989. “Negotiations or Total War.” World Policy Journal 6 (2): 321355.Google Scholar
Sayari, Sabri. 2010. “Political Violence and Terrorism in Turkey, 1976–80: A Retrospective Analysis.” Terrorism and Political Violence 22 (2): 198215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulze, Kirsten E. 2003. “The Struggle for an Independent Aceh: The Ideology, Capacity, and Strategy of GAM.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 26 (4): 241271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulze, Kirsten E. 2004. The Free Aceh Movement (GAM): Anatomy of a Separatist Organization. Policy Studies 2. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Schulze, Kirsten E. 2006. “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency: Strategy and the Aceh Conflict, October 1976–May 2004.” In Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem, edited by Reid, Anthony. Seattle: Singapore University Press in association with University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Senol, Mesut. 1998. “Latest Developments Regarding Human Rights in Turkey.” Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs (Center for Strategic Research, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 3 (4).Google Scholar
Shah, Saubhagya. 2008. Civil Society in Uncivil Places: Soft State and Regime Change in Nepal. Policy Studies 48. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Sikkink, Kathryn. 2011. The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Silva, Romesh, and Ball, Patrick. 2006. “The Profile of Human Rights Violations in Timor-Leste, 1974–1999: A Report by the Benetech Human Rights Data Analysis Group to the Commission on Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste.” The Benetech Initiative.Google Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. 2000. “International Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs.” American Political Science Review 94 (4): 819835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. 2009. Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 1995. “International Law in a World of Liberal States.” European Journal of International Law 6 (1): 503538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, and Burke-White, William. 2006. “The Future of International Law Is Domestic (or, the European Way of Law).” Harvard International Law Journal 47 (2): 327352.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony L. 2003. “A Glass Half Full: Indonesia–U.S. Relations in the Age of Terror.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 25 (3): 449472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Sebastian. 1998. Allah’s Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya. New York: I. B. Tauris Publishers.Google Scholar
Snyder, Jack L. 2000. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Stanton, Jessica A. 2013. “Terrorism in the Context of Civil War.” The Journal of Politics 75 (4): 10091022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanton, Jessica A. 2015. “Regulating Militias: Governments, Militias, and Civilian Targeting in Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59 (5): 899923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staveteig, Sarah. 2007. “How Many Persons in East Timor Went ‘Missing’ during the Indonesian Occupation?: Results from Indirect Estimates.” Interim Report IR-07-003. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.Google Scholar
Steele, Abbey. 2009. “Seeking Safety: Avoiding Displacement and Choosing Destinations in Civil Wars.” Journal of Peace Research 46 (3): 419429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, Abbey. 2011. “Electing Displacement: Political Cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 55 (3): 423445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). 1989–2010. SIPRI Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Straus, Scott. 2005. “Darfur and the Genocide Debate.” Foreign Affairs 84 (1): 123133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straus, Scott. 2006. The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Straus, Scott. 2012. “Retreating from the Brink: Theorizing Mass Violence and the Dynamics of Restraint.” Perspectives on Politics 10 (2): 343362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukma, Rizal. 2001. “The Acehnese Rebellion: Secessionist Movement in Post-Suharto Indonesia.” In Non-Traditional Security Issues in Southeast Asia, edited by Tan, Andrew T.H. and Kenneth Boutin, J.D.. Singapore: Select Publishing for Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Sukma, Rizal. 2004. Security Operations in Aceh: Goals, Consequences, and Lessons. Policy Studies 3. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Sulaiman, M. Isa. 2006. “From Autonomy to Periphery: A Critical Evaluation of the Acehnese Nationalist Movement.” In Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem, edited by Reid, Anthony. Seattle: Singapore University Press in association with University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Svensson, Isak. 2007. “Bargaining, Bias and Peace Brokers: How Rebels Commit to Peace.” Journal of Peace Research 44 (2): 177194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeyh, Ray. 2001. “The Rogue Who Came in from the Cold.” Foreign Affairs 80 (3): 6272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanner, Victor, and Tubiana, Jerome. 2007. Divided They Fall: The Fragmentation of Darfur’s Rebel Groups. Geneva: Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies.Google Scholar
Taylor, John G. 1999a. “East Timor: Forced Resettlement.” Forced Migration Review (5): 3133.Google Scholar
Taylor, John G. 1999b. East Timor: The Price Of Freedom. New York: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Tchilingirian, Hratch. 1999. “Nagorno Karabagh: Transition and the Elite.” Central Asian Survey 18 (4): 435461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teimourian, Hazhir. 1993. “The Challenge of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party.” Jane’s Intelligence Review 5 (1).Google Scholar
Teitel, Ruti G. 2011. Humanity’s Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toft, Monica Duffy. 2009. Securing the Peace: The Durable Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tubiana, Jérôme. 2007. Darfur: A War for Land?In War in Darfur and the Search for Peace, edited by de Waal, Alex. Global Equality Initiative, Harvard University and Justice Africa.Google Scholar
Turkish Parliament. 1998. Doğu Ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’da Boşaltılan Yerleşim Birimleri Nedeniyle Göç Eden Yurttaşlarımızın Sorunlarının Araştırılarak Alınması Gereken Tedbirlerin Tespit Edilmesi Amacıyla Kurulan Meclis Araştırma Komisyonu Raporu. Available from www.tbmm.gov.tr/sirasayi/donem20/yil01/ss532.pdf.Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1992. 48th Session, Report of the Special Rapporteur Mr. P. Kooiimans, pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1991/38, Addendum, Visit by the Special Rapporteur to Indonesia and East Timor (E/CN.4/1992/17/Add.1).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1993a. 49th Session, Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief: Report Submitted by Mr. Angelo Vidal d’Almeida Ribeiro, Special Rapporteur Appointed in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 1986/20 of 10 March 1986 (E/CN.4/1993/62).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1993b. 49th Session, Summary Record of the 52nd Meeting, Second Part, held 3 March 1993 (E/CN.4/1993/SR.52/Add.1).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1994a. 50th Session, Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan: Report of the Special Rapporteur (E/CN.4/1994/48).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1994b. 51st Session, Report by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye, on his mission to Indonesia and East Timor from 3 to 13 July 1994 (E/CN.4/1995/61/Add.1).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1995. 51st Session, Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan: Report of the Special Rapporteur (E/CN.4/1995/58).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 1996. 52nd Session, Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan: Report of the Special Rapporteur (E/CN.4/1996/62).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights. 2002. 59th Session, Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons, Mr. Francis Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2002/56, Addendum, Profiles in Displacement: Turkey (E/CN.4/2003/86/Add.2).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. 1992. 44th Session, Summary Record of the 23rd Meeting, Second Part, held 19 August 1992 (EN/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/SR.23/Add.1).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. 1993. 45th Session, Summary Record of the 13th Meeting, held 11 August 1993 (EN/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/SR.13).Google Scholar
UN Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. 1994. 46th Session, Summary Record of the 15th Meeting, held 11 August 1994 (EN/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/SR.15).Google Scholar
UN General Assembly. 1993. 48th Session, Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan (A/48/601).Google Scholar
UN General Assembly. 1994. 49th Session, Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan (A/49/539).Google Scholar
UN General Assembly. 1995. 50th Session, Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan (A/50/569).Google Scholar
UN General Assembly. 1999. 54th Session, Situation of Human Rights in East Timor (A/54/660).Google Scholar
UN Human Rights Council. 2011. 17th Session, Report of the High Commissioner under Human Rights Council Resolution S-15/1 (A/HRC/17/45).Google Scholar
UN Human Rights Council. 2012. 19th Session, Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya (A/HRC/19/68).Google Scholar
United Nations. 2005. Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General. Geneva.Google Scholar
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 2005. Consolidated Appeal for Uganda 2005, Mid-Year Review. New York: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.Google Scholar
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 1997. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: Yearbook 1996. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar
U.S. Committee on Refugees. 1999. The Wall of Denial: Internal Displacement in Turkey. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Committee for Refugees.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 1992. Report on El Salvador Required under the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act of 1991. United States Declassified Documents. Available from http://foia.state.gov.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State, the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. 2004. Documenting Atrocities in Darfur. State Publication 11182. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy in Jakarta. 2008a. “Telegram 14397 from U.S. Embassy Jakarta to State Department, Subject: [Deleted] Views on East Timor Developments, September 9, 1983.” In Suharto: A Declassified Documentary Orbit, edited by Simpson, Brad. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 242. Washington, D.C. Available from www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB242/index.htm.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy in Jakarta. 2008b. “Telegram 15303 from U.S. Embassy Jakarta to State Department, Subject: Current Developments in East Timor, September 23, 1983.” In Suharto: A Declassified Documentary Orbit, edited by Simpson, Brad. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 242. Washington, D.C. Available from www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB242/index.htm.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy in San Salvador. 1986. “Text of Telegram from U.S. Embassy in San Salvador to the U.S. Secretary of State regarding Guerrilla Finances – ‘Where Does the Money Come From?’” U.S. Department of State, Freedom of Information Act Virtual Reading Room. Available from http://foia.state.gov.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy in San Salvador. 1988a. “Telegram from U.S. Embassy in San Salvador to U.S. Secretary of State regarding FMLN Captured Documents – ‘Discredit the Electoral Farce.’” U.S. Department of State, Freedom of Information Act Virtual Reading Room. Available from http://foia.state.gov.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy in San Salvador. 1988b. “Text of Telegram from the U.S. Embassy in San Salvador to the U.S. Secretary of State.” U.S. Department of State, Freedom of Information Act Virtual Reading Room. Available from http://foia.state.gov.Google Scholar
U.S. Secretary of State. 1988. “Telegram from U.S. Secretary of State, Washington, DC, to all OECD Capitals regarding FMLN Captured Documents: ‘Political Work Needed to Foment General Insurrection.’” U.S. Department of State, Freedom of Information Act Virtual Reading Room. Available from http://foia.state.gov.Google Scholar
Valentino, Benjamin A. 2000. “Final Solutions: The Causes of Mass Killing and Genocide.” Security Studies 9 (3): 159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentino, Benjamin A. 2004. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Valentino, Benjamin A., Huth, Paul, and Balch-Lindsay, Dylan. 2004. “‘Draining the Sea’: Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare.” International Organization 58 (2): 375407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentino, Benjamin A., Huth, Paul K., and Croco, Sarah. 2006. “Covenants without the Sword: International Law and the Protection of Civilians in Times of War.” World Politics 58 (3): 339377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentino, Benjamin A., Huth, Paul K., and Croco, Sarah E.. 2010. “Bear Any Burden? How Democracies Minimize the Costs of War.” The Journal of Politics 72 (2): 528544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Bruinessen, Martin. 1988. “Between Guerrilla War and Political Murder: The Workers’ Party of Kurdistan.” Middle East Report (153): 40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verwimp, Philip. 2003. “Testing the Double-Genocide Thesis for Central and Southern Rwanda.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 47 (4): 423442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verwimp, Philip. 2005. “An Economic Profile of Peasant Perpetrators of Genocide: Micro-Level Evidence from Rwanda.” Journal of Development Economics 77 (2): 297323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villalobos, Joaquín. 1989. “A Democratic Revolution for El Salvador.” Foreign Policy (74): 103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinjamuri, Leslie, and Boesenecker, Aaron. 2007. Accountability and Peace Agreements: Mapping Trends from 1980–2006. HD Report. Geneva: Henry Dunant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue.Google Scholar
Vreeland, James Raymond. 2008. “Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention against Torture.” International Organization 62 (1): 65101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, Steven. 1999. “Summary of Public Opinion Preceding the Parliamentary Elections in Indonesia – June 1999.” The International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES).Google Scholar
Walter, Barbara F. 2009. Reputation and Civil War: Why Separatist Conflicts Are So Violent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, Nicole F. 1999. “Allies and Enemies: Pro-Kurdish Parties in Turkish Politics, 1990–94.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 31 (4): 631656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, Nicole F. 2010. Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Weeks, Jessica L. 2008. “Autocratic Audience Costs: Regime Type and Signaling Resolve.” International Organization 62 (1): 3564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, Leonard, Pedahzur, Ami, and Hirsch-Hoefler, Sivan. 2004. “The Challenges of Conceptualizing Terrorism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 16 (4): 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2005. “Resources and the Information Problem in Rebel Recruitment.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (4): 598624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2007. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, Paul J. 2000. Primitive Rebels Or Revolutionary Modernizers?: The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Widjajanto, Bambang, and Kammen, Douglas. 1999. “The Structure of Military Abuse.” Inside Indonesia (62).Google Scholar
Wimmer, Andreas, Cederman, Lars-Erik, and Min, Brian. 2009. “Ethnic Politics and Armed Conflict: A Configurational Analysis of a New Global Data Set,” American Sociological Review 74 (2): 316337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2000. Forging Democracy from Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El Salvador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2003. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2006. “Variation in Sexual Violence during War.” Politics & Society 34 (3): 307342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2009. “Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When Is Wartime Rape Rare?” Politics & Society 37 (1): 131161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Reed M. 2010. “Rebel Capability and Strategic Violence against Civilians.” Journal of Peace Research 47 (5): 601614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Reed M. 2014a. “From Loss to Looting? Battlefield Costs and Rebel Incentives for Violence.” International Organization 68 (4): 979999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Reed M. 2014b. “Opportunities to Kill or Incentives for Restraint? Rebel Capabilities, the Origins of Support, and Civilian Victimization in Civil War.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 31 (5): 461480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Reed M., Kathman, Jacob D., and Gent, Stephen E.. 2012. “Armed Intervention and Civilian Victimization in Intrastate Conflicts.” Journal of Peace Research 49 (5): 647660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, Susan L. 1995. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2003. “Sudan – Stabilization and Reconstruction: Country Economic Memorandum (Vol. 1 of 2): Main Text.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Available from documents.worldbank.org.Google Scholar
Wucherpfennig, Julian, Metternich, Nils W., Cederman, Lars-Erik, and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. 2012. “Ethnicity, the State, and the Duration of Civil War.” World Politics 64 (1): 79115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yükseker, Deniz. 2007. “Research Findings on Internal Displacement in Turkey: National Reports.” In Coming to Terms with Forced Migration: Post-Displacement Restitution of Citizenship Rights in Turkey, 145157. Istanbul: Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) Publications.Google Scholar
Zürcher, Christoph. 2007. The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus. New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Jessica A. Stanton, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Violence and Restraint in Civil War
  • Online publication: 13 July 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107706477.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Jessica A. Stanton, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Violence and Restraint in Civil War
  • Online publication: 13 July 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107706477.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Jessica A. Stanton, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Violence and Restraint in Civil War
  • Online publication: 13 July 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107706477.011
Available formats
×