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Chapter 20 - But is it Safe? Bio-effects

from Part II - The Specialist Stuff

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2017

Donald W. McRobbie
Affiliation:
South Australian Medical Imaging, Adelaide, Australia
Elizabeth A. Moore
Affiliation:
Philips Research Laboratories, The Netherlands
Martin J. Graves
Affiliation:
Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge UK
Martin R. Prince
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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References

Further Reading

American College of Radiology Expert panel on MR Safety (2013)’ ACR guidance document on MR safe practices: 2013’. J Magn Reson Imag 37:501530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capstick, M, McRobbie, D, Hand, J, et al. (2008) ‘An investigation into occupational exposure to electro-magnetic fields for personnel working with and around medical magnetic resonance imaging equipment’. Report on Project VT/2007/017 of the European Commission Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities DG. Available from www.myesr.org/html/img/pool/VT2007017FinalReportv04.pdf [accessed 8 May 2015].Google Scholar
Health Protection Agency (2008) Protection of patients and volunteers undergoing MRI procedures. Chilton: Health Protection Agency.Google Scholar
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (2002) IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. 0–3 kHz. New York: IEEE.Google Scholar
International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (2009) ‘Guidelines on limits to exposure from static magnetic field’. Health Physics 96:504514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Electrotechnical Commission (2013) Medical Electrical Equipment – Part 2–33: Particular Requirements for the Safety of Magnetic Resonance Equipment for Medical Diagnosis, 3.2 edition. Geneva: IEC.Google Scholar
Kanal, E and Tweedle, MF (2015) ‘Editorial: residual or retained gadolinium: practical implications for radiologists and our patients’. Radiology 275(3):630634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanal, E, Gillen, J, Evans, JA, Savitz, DA and Shellock, FG (1993) ‘Survey of reproductive health among female MR workers’. Radiology 187:395399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanda, T, Osawa, M, Oba, H, et al. (2015) ‘High signal intensity in dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: association with linear versus macrocyclic gadolinium chelate administration’. Radiology 275:803809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McRobbie, DW (2012) ‘Occupational exposure in MRI’. Br J Radiol 85:293312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (2014) ‘Magnetic resonance imaging equipment in clinical use: safety guidelines, version 4’. Available from www.gov.uk/government/publications/safety-guidelines-for-magnetic-resonance-imaging-equipment-in-clinical-use [accessed 26 March 2015].Google Scholar
Shellock, FG (2015) Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety 2015. Salt Lake City, UT: Amirsys Inc. (new edition published annually).Google Scholar
Shellock, FG and Crues, JV (eds) (2013) Magnetic Resonance Procedures: Health Effects and Safety. Los Angeles, CA: Biomedical Research Publishing.Google Scholar

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