China and India’s domestic climate policy has been reactive. Both countries take measures to address climate change at the domestic level only when they are faced increased pressures stemmed from their dual-track climate diplomacy discussed in Chapter 5 and from epistemic communities. Under external pressures, China and India have set up institutions and formulated policies to address climate change. However, climate change is not a priority for China and India so both countries subordinate it to energy security. Two-level pressures have shaped China and India’s domestically proactive energy policy and reactive climate policy. At the domestic level, in order to seek wealth, both countries have adopted a low-carbon development strategy to maximize their energy security and economic growth while climate mitigation is only a co-benefit of their transition to a low-carbon economy. At the international level, China and India have tried to seek great power status through becoming leaders in the global renewable energy industry while both countries have asymmetrically depended on the US and EU for not only markets but also the transfer of advanced clean energy technology to develop renewable energy.