China and India’s policies to address energy insecurity and climate change have had significant implications for global energy and climate governance. First of all, both countries’ domestic and international policies on these two issue-areas have broadened energy and climate governance beyond the realms of the existing global energy and climate institutions or regimes. In addition, China and India may achieve energy security and emission reductions independently of the performance of the existing energy and climate regimes based on their own national and international policy rules, principles, norms, and procedures, which significantly calls into question the effectiveness, legitimacy, and appropriateness of the existing global energy and climate governance. A further implication is that restructuring the existing global energy and climate institutions or regimes so as to fully integrate both China and India is the only way to achieve the ultimate goals of global energy and climate governance, namely globalized energy security and a stabilized climate.