The nineteenth century saw revolutions not just within discrete artistic disciplines, but also among them. Salon culture and increasing cosmopolitanism brought together writers, painters, sculptors and composers, sparking both competition and collaboration. In his espousal of a Gesamtkunstwerk (Total Artwork) ethos in his music dramas, Richard Wagner was the most vocal proponent of the inseparability of the arts, though in his case this meant serving simultaneously as composer, librettist and director. Later in the century, the Vienna Secession movement offered a more synergistic approach to the Gesamtkunstwerk concept, most notably in their exhibition hall of 1898. Designed by architect Joseph Maria Olbrich with sculptures by Koloman Moser, the Secession Building in Vienna is perhaps most famous for Gustav Klimt’s Beethoven Frieze, an allegorical depiction of the Ninth Symphony that is the earliest significant painting inspired by a piece of music.