Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m42fx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-25T02:27:42.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 10 - Radio Free Dixie, Black Arts Radio, and African American Women’s Activism

from III - Beyond the Canon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2022

Shelly Eversley
Affiliation:
Baruch College, The City University of New York
Get access

Summary

From 1962 to 1966, exiled African American revolutionaries Robert and Mabel Williams broadcast a weekly English language radio program from Havana, Cuba. As its name suggests, Radio Free Dixie was aimed primarily at African Americans in the U.S. South, for whom radio, of all the mass media, was key for information sharing and consciousness raising. But the show’s potent blend of music, news, literature, and commentary quickly garnered audiences throughout the Americas. Scholarship on Radio Free Dixie has focused on Robert Williams’ printed or transcribed editorials while marginalizing Mabel Williams. By studying the program as both text-based archive and performative repertoire – drawing on performance studies scholar Diana Taylor – I amplify the Williamses’ overlooked Black radio arts. Moreover, I show that Radio Free Dixie’s women co-hosts, Mabel Williams and Jo Salas, ostensibly relegated to minor roles, in fact maximized radio’s capacities to re-articulate revolutionary internationalism through Black women’s histories and experiences.

Type
Chapter
Information
African American Literature in Transition, 1960–1970
Black Art, Politics, and Aesthetics
, pp. 253 - 275
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Appleton, C. 1963, May 6. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Barlow, W. 1990. “Rebel Airways: Radio and Revolution in Latin America.” Howard Journal of Communications 2.2: 123–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlow, W. 1999. Voice Over: The Making of Black Radio. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Baucom, I. 2001. “Frantz Fanon’s Radio: Solidarity, Diaspora, and the Tactics of Listening.” Contemporary Literature 42.1: 1549.Google Scholar
Bryant, C. E. 1963, May 7. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Cha-Jua, S. K., and Lang, C.. 2007. “The ‘Long Movement’ as Vampire: Temporal and Spatial Fallacies in Recent Black Freedom Studies.” Journal of African American History 92.2: 265–88.Google Scholar
Chiung, F. 1964, October 6. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Cohen, R. C. 1972. Black Crusader: A Biography of Robert Franklin Williams. New York: Lyle Stuart, Inc.Google Scholar
Dolan, J. 2003. “The Voice that Cannot Be Heard: Radio/Broadcasting and ‘the Archive.’” Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast and Audio Media 1.1: 6372.Google Scholar
Fanon, F. 2012. “This Is the Voice of Algeria.” In The Sound Studies Reader, ed. Sterne, J., 329–35. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fouché, R. 2006. “Say it Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud: African Americans, American Artifactual Culture, and Black Vernacular Technology Creativity.” American Quarterly 58.3: 639–61.Google Scholar
Frazier, R. T. 2014. The East Is Black: Cold War China in the Black Radical Imagination. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, R. 1965, August 16. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Greenwood, F. 1965, April 30. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Guridy, F. A. 2010. Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World Empire and Jim Crow. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Hilmes, M. 2012. “Radio and the Imagined Community.” In The Sound Studies Reader, ed. Sterne, J., 351–62. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hughes, L. 2000. “When a Man Sees Red.” In The Return of Simple, ed. Harper, A. S., 8386. New York: Hill & Wang.Google Scholar
Hughes, L. 2002. “Income Tax.” In The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol. 7, ed. Harper, A. S., 98101. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.Google Scholar
Mallory, M. 1961, December 2. “A Letter from Mae.” The Crusader, 3.Google Scholar
McLuhan, E. 1995. “Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan – A Candid Conversation with the High Priest of Popcult and Metaphysician of Media.” In Essential McLuhan, ed. McLuhan, E. and Zingrone, F., 233–69. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Merrill, R. 1963, April 15. Report of reception; Campbell, A. O. (1964, October 5). Report of reception. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Mislan, C. 2015. “‘In the Spirit of ’76 Venceremos!’: Nationalizing and Transnationalizing Self-defense on Radio Free Dixie.” American Journalism 32.4: 434–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neigh, J. 2013. “The Transnational Frequency of Radio Connectivity in Langston Hughes’s 1940s Poetics.” Modernism/Modernity 20.2: 265–85.Google Scholar
Nobil, C. M. 1963, August 26. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Ong, W. 1982. Orality and Literacy. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Parker, T. N.d. Letter to Robert Williams. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Radio Free Dixie press release. 1962, July 27. Radio Free Dixie broadcast transcripts, Folder: 09051–011–0490, Black Power Movement, Part 2: The Papers of Robert F. Williams, ProQuest History Vault.Google Scholar
Rossa, D. 1965, March 15. “Los Angeles Theater Group Presents the Monroe Story.” The Militant, 5.Google Scholar
Rucker, W. 2006. “Crusader in Exile: Robert F. Williams and the International Struggle for Black Freedom in America.” The Black Scholar 3.2–3: 1934.Google Scholar
Rucker, W. “S.O.S.” 1962, September. The Crusader, 6.Google Scholar
Szulc, T. 1964, July 28. “Expatriate, on Cuban Radio, Calls on U.S. Negroes to Meet Violence with Violence.” The New York Times, 13.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. 2003. The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, K. 1965, April 24. “‘If We Must Live’ Blasts Away, Ringing with Truth.” Los Angeles Times, B9.Google Scholar
Tyson, T. 1999. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Ward, B. 2004. Radio and the Struggle for Civil Rights in the South. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Williams, M. 1960, November 5. “De Master’s Voice.” The Crusader, 1.Google Scholar
Williams, R. 1962a, April. “Truth Crushed to Earth Shall Rise Again.” The Crusader 3.8: 3.Google Scholar
Williams, R. 1962b, 27 July. “First Announcement, Negro Press, Radio Progresso [sic].” Radio Free Dixie broadcast transcripts, Folder: 09051–011–0490, Black Power Movement, Part 2: The Papers of Robert F. Williams, ProQuest History Vault.Google Scholar
Williams, R. 1963, April 24. Letter to Clyde Appleton. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R. 1964a, January 30. Letter to Noel Bailey. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R. 1964b, January 30. Letter to J. A. Lumpp. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R. 1964c, March 30. Letter to Dick Bayer. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 1 Correspondence). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M.. 1962a, July 27. Radio Free Dixie transcript. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M. 1962b, August 17. Radio Free Dixie transcript, 6. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M. 1962c, October 18. Radio Free Dixie transcript, 15. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M. 1962d, November 2. Radio Free Dixie transcript, 1. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M. 1963, February 22. Radio Free Dixie transcript. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M. 1964, May 1. Radio Free Dixie transcript, 6–8. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Williams, R., and Williams, M. 1965, April 16. Radio Free Dixie transcript, 1–2. Robert F. Williams Papers (Box 10). Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Wright, R., and Wylie, L.. 2009. Our Place in the Sun: Canada and Cuba in the Castro Era. University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Young, C. 2006. Soul Power: Culture, Radicalism, and the Making of a U.S. Third World Left. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×