The chapter examines the politics of Greek Jewry in the wake of the Shoah by focusing on property reclamation and relations with the state, the trial and punishment of Jewish collaborators, community reconstruction and the Joint, Zionism and emigration to Palestine, and antisemitism. Played out against the backdrop of an unstable and highly polarized environment, it traces the emergence of a multiplicity of views on the above issues, which hitherto have been fleetingly examined. Expressed by Jews who had participated in the communist-led resistance, the survivors of the concentration camps (the so-called “hostages”), the Zionist Federation of Greece, the appointed members of the Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece, and the elected members of the council of the Jewish community of Salonica, these both complemented and opposed each other, often taking the form of a fiercely articulated “dialogue.” Challenging the image of unity, we argue that the politics of Greek Jewry unfolded along two main strands of vision: the “New Men” called for the rebuilding of a dynamic and visible Jewish life on Greek soil; the “New Jews” advocated emigration to Eretz Israel and, failing that, proposed the smooth integration into the majority society of those brethren who, by accident or choice, stayed back.