Trade policy was once confined to relatively simple conflicts between competitive and uncompetitive producers of goods, but Chapter 5 explains how and why it has come to encompass a much wider range of topics and stakeholders. New issues have made it into the system in response to the shifting demands of US industry, and through multilateral trade disputes, as well as the changing political preferences of a postindustrial electorate. These processes have expanded the jurisdiction of the trading system to include such matters as labor rights, the environment, and intellectual property protection, all of which attract new stakeholders and change the nature of policy debates. The resulting contagion of conflict has greatly complicated the conduct of domestic diplomacy, making trade agreements trickier to negotiate, more prone to partisan divisions, and considerably less susceptible to the give-and-take that used to characterize policymaking.