This chapter examines the contemporary or background conditions that are associated with the occurrence of revolutionary terrorism. The production of violence is constrained by state repression and fostered by social support. It is argued that social support is more important than state capacity, which, in general, was similar across the countries. Several indicators of potential social support are included in the analysis: participation in demonstrations and strikes, support for communist parties, levels of inequality, and size of the public sector. Additionally, several controls are included: level of economic development, economic growth, population size, and youth bulges. The main conclusion of this preliminary analysis is that revolutionary terrorism was more intense in highly populated countries with strong communist parties, a high degree of protest, and mobilization. Moreover, these were the countries that in the late 1960s had relatively backward economies, smaller states, and higher rates of growth.