Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T20:18:05.578Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 15 - Scalp Video-EEG Monitoring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2019

Vibhangini S. Wasade
Affiliation:
Henry Ford Medical Group HFHS, Michigan
Marianna V. Spanaki
Affiliation:
Wayne State University, Michigan
Get access

Summary

The initial evaluation of patients presenting with a seizure includes obtaining a detailed history of the event, a thorough physical examination, identifying risk factors for seizure occurrence, and the use of ancillary tests that help establish the diagnosis, namely laboratory tests, an electroencephalogram (EEG), and neuroimaging. In certain cases a lumbar puncture may also be indicated.

Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Epilepsy
A Study Guide for the Boards
, pp. 290 - 303
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Krumholz, A, Wiebe, S, Gronseth, G, et al. Practice parameter: evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2007;69(21):19962007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pillai, J, Sperling, MR. Interictal EEG and the diagnosis of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006;47(Suppl 1):1422.Google Scholar
Salinsky, M, Kanter, R, Dasheiff, RM. Effectiveness of multiple EEGs in supporting the diagnosis of epilepsy: an operational curve. Epilepsia. 1987;28(4):331334.Google Scholar
Gandelman-Marton, R, Theitler, J. When should a sleep-deprived EEG be performed following a presumed first seizure in adults? Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124(3):202205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundaram, M, Hogan, T, Hiscock, M, Pillay, N. Factors affecting interictal spike discharges in adults with epilepsy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1990;75(4):358360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flink, R, Pedersen, B, Guekht, AB, et al. Guidelines for the use of EEG methodology in the diagnosis of epilepsy. International League Against Epilepsy: commission report. Commission on European Affairs: Subcommission on European Guidelines. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002;106(1):17.Google Scholar
Fountain, NB, Van Ness, PC, Swain-Eng, R, et al. Quality improvement in neurology: AAN epilepsy quality measures. Report of the Quality Measurement and Reporting Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2011;76(1):9499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fountain, NB, Kim, JS, Lee, SI. Sleep deprivation activates epileptiform discharges independent of the activating effects of sleep. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;15(1):6975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michel, V, Mazzola, L, Lemesle, M, Vercueil, L. Long-term EEG in adults: sleep-deprived EEG (SDE), ambulatory EEG (Amb-EEG) and long-term video-EEG recording (LTVER). Neurophysiol Clin. 2015;45(1):4764.Google Scholar
Dash, D, Hernandez-Ronquillo, L, Moien-Afshari, F, Tellez-Zenteno, JF. Ambulatory EEG: a cost-effective alternative to inpatient video-EEG in adult patients. Epileptic Disord. 2012;14(3):290297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandler, R, Ponnusamy, A, Wragg, C. Video ambulatory EEG: A good alternative to inpatient video telemetry? Seizure. 2017;47:6670.Google Scholar
Morris, GL, 3rd, Galezowska, J, Leroy, R, North, R. The results of computer-assisted ambulatory 16-channel EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;91(3):229231.Google Scholar
Drazkowski, JF, Chung, SS. Differential diagnosis of epilepsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2010;16(3 Epilepsy):3656.Google Scholar
Hirsch, LJ. Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: an overview. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;21(5):332340.Google ScholarPubMed
Young, GB, Jordan, KG, Doig, GS. An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology. 1996;47(1):8389.Google Scholar
Shafi, MM, Westover, MB, Cole, AJ, et al. Absence of early epileptiform abnormalities predicts lack of seizures on continuous EEG. Neurology. 2012;79(17):17961801.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLorenzo, RJ, Waterhouse, EJ, Towne, AR, et al. Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):833840.Google Scholar
Claassen, J, Jette, N, Chum, F, et al. Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;69(13):13561365.Google Scholar
Vespa, PM, Nuwer, MR, Nenov, V, et al. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(5):750760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishnamurthy, KB, Drislane, FW. Depth of EEG suppression and outcome in barbiturate anesthetic treatment for refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999;40(6):759762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofmeijer, J, van Putten, MJ. EEG in postanoxic coma: prognostic and diagnostic value. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(4):20472055.Google Scholar
Claassen, J, Hirsch, LJ, Kreiter, KT, et al. Quantitative continuous EEG for detecting delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115(12):26992710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labiner, DM, Bagic, AI, Herman, ST, et al. Essential services, personnel, and facilities in specialized epilepsy centers – revised 2010 guidelines. Epilepsia. 2010;51(11):23222333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tatum, WO, 4th. Long-term EEG monitoring: a clinical approach to electrophysiology. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;18(5):442455.Google Scholar
Shafer, PO, Buelow, J, Ficker, DM, et al. Risk of adverse events on epilepsy monitoring units: a survey of epilepsy professionals. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;20(3):502505.Google Scholar
Kobulashvili, T, Hofler, J, Dobesberger, J, et al. Current practices in long-term video-EEG monitoring services: a survey among partners of the E-PILEPSY pilot network of reference for refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery. Seizure. 2016;38:3845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, DK, LaFrance, WC Jr. Diagnosis and treatment of nonepileptic seizures. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016;22(1 Epilepsy):116131.Google Scholar
Benbadis, SR, Agrawal, V, Tatum, WO, 4th. How many patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures also have epilepsy? Neurology. 2001;57(5):915917.Google Scholar
Beniczky, SA, Fogarasi, A, Neufeld, M, et al. Seizure semiology inferred from clinical descriptions and from video recordings. How accurate are they? Epilepsy Behav. 2012;24(2):213215.Google Scholar
De Paola, L, Terra, VC, Silvado, CE, et al. Improving first responders’ psychogenic nonepileptic seizures diagnosis accuracy: development and validation of a 6-item bedside diagnostic tool. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;54:4046.Google Scholar
Tufenkjian, K, Luders, HO. Seizure semiology: its value and limitations in localizing the epileptogenic zone. J Clin Neurol. 2012;8(4):243250.Google Scholar
Beniczky, S, Neufeld, M, Diehl, B, et al. Testing patients during seizures: a European consensus procedure developed by a joint taskforce of the ILAE - Commission on European Affairs and the European Epilepsy Monitoring Unit Association. Epilepsia. 2016;57(9):13631368.Google Scholar
Devinsky, O, Sato, S, Kufta, CV, et al. Electroencephalographic studies of simple partial seizures with subdural electrode recordings. Neurology. 1989;39(4):527533.Google ScholarPubMed
Tatum, WO, 4th, Winters, L, Gieron, M, et al. Outpatient seizure identification: results of 502 patients using computer-assisted ambulatory EEG. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;18(1):1419.Google Scholar
Blume, WT, Oliver, LM. Noninvasive electroencephalography in supplementary sensorimotor area epilepsy. Adv Neurol. 1996;70:309317.Google Scholar
Elgavish, RA, Cabaniss, WW. What is the diagnostic value of repeating a nondiagnostic video-EEG study? J Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;28(3):311313.Google Scholar
Logar, C, Walzl, B, Lechner, H. Role of long-term EEG monitoring in diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Eur Neurol. 1994;34(Suppl 1):2932.Google Scholar
Robinson, AA, Pitiyanuvath, N, Abou-Khalil, BW, et al. Predictors of a nondiagnostic epilepsy monitoring study and yield of repeat study. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;21(1):7679.Google Scholar
Yen, DJ, Chen, C, Shih, YH, et al. Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing presurgical video-EEG monitoring. Epilepsia. 2001;42(2):251255.Google Scholar
Di Gennaro, G, Picardi, A, Sparano, A, et al. Seizure clusters and adverse events during pre-surgical video-EEG monitoring with a slow anti-epileptic drug (AED) taper. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123(3):486488.Google Scholar
Rizvi, SA, Hernandez-Ronquillo, L, Wu, A, Tellez, Zenteno JF. Is rapid withdrawal of anti-epileptic drug therapy during video EEG monitoring safe and efficacious? Epilepsy Res. 2014;108(4):755764.Google Scholar
Ellingson, RJ, Wilken, K, Bennett, DR. Efficacy of sleep deprivation as an activation procedure in epilepsy patients. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1984;1(1):83101.Google Scholar
el-Ad, B, Neufeld, MY, Korczyn, AD. Should sleep EEG record always be performed after sleep deprivation? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;90(4):313315.Google Scholar
Kubicki, S, Scheuler, W, Wittenbecher, H. Short-term sleep EEG recordings after partial sleep deprivation as a routine procedure in order to uncover epileptic phenomena: an evaluation of 719 EEG recordings. Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1991;2:217230.Google Scholar
Guaranha, MS, Garzon, E, Buchpiguel, CA, et al. Hyperventilation revisited: physiological effects and efficacy on focal seizure activation in the era of video-EEG monitoring. Epilepsia. 2005;46(1):6975.Google Scholar
Holmes, MD, Dewaraja, AS, Vanhatalo, S. Does hyperventilation elicit epileptic seizures? Epilepsia. 2004;45(6):618620.Google Scholar
Wirrell, EC, Camfield, PR, Gordon, KE, et al. Will a critical level of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia always induce an absence seizure? Epilepsia. 1996;37(5):459462.Google Scholar
Maganti, RK, Rutecki, P. EEG and epilepsy monitoring. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013;19(3 Epilepsy):598622.Google Scholar
Friedman, DE, Hirsch, LJ. How long does it take to make an accurate diagnosis in an epilepsy monitoring unit? J Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;26(4):213217.Google Scholar
Struck, AF, Cole, AJ, Cash, SS, Westover, MB. The number of seizures needed in the EMU. Epilepsia. 2015;56(11):17531759.Google Scholar
Rosenow, F, Luders, H. Presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 9):16831700.Google Scholar
Blum, D. Prevalence of bilateral partial seizure foci and implications for electroencephalographic telemetry monitoring and epilepsy surgery. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;91(5):329336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noe, KH, Drazkowski, JF. Safety of long-term video-electroencephalographic monitoring for evaluation of epilepsy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(6):495500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gazzola, DM, Thawani, S, Agbe-Davies, O, Carlson, C. Epilepsy monitoring unit length of stay. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;58:102105.Google Scholar
Lobello, K, Morgenlander, JC, Radtke, RA, Bushnell, CD. Video/EEG monitoring in the evaluation of paroxysmal behavioral events: duration, effectiveness, and limitations. Epilepsy Behav. 2006;8(1):261266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobesberger, J, Walser, G, Unterberger, I, et al. Video-EEG monitoring: safety and adverse events in 507 consecutive patients. Epilepsia. 2011;52(3):443452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rose, AB, McCabe, PH, Gilliam, FG, et al. Occurrence of seizure clusters and status epilepticus during inpatient video-EEG monitoring. Neurology. 2003;60(6):975978.Google Scholar
Fahoum, F, Omer, N, Kipervasser, S, Bar-Adon, T, Neufeld, M. Safety in the epilepsy monitoring unit: a retrospective study of 524 consecutive admissions. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;61:162167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryvlin, P, Nashef, L, Lhatoo, SD, et al. Incidence and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory arrests in epilepsy monitoring units (MORTEMUS): a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(10):966977.Google Scholar
Fitzsimons, M, Browne, G, Kirker, J, Staunton, H. An international survey of long-term video/EEG services. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2000;17(1):5967.Google Scholar
Buelow, JM, Privitera, M, Levisohn, P, Barkley, GL. A description of current practice in epilepsy monitoring units. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;15(3):308313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, PO, Buelow, JM, Noe, K, et al. A consensus-based approach to patient safety in epilepsy monitoring units: recommendations for preferred practices. Epilepsy Behav. 2012;25(3):449456.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×