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7 - The Early Character of the God Yahweh

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2020

Daniel E. Fleming
Affiliation:
New York University
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Summary

After respectful consideration of Amorite evidence for personal names with the Yaḫwi-/Yawi- verbal element, Karel van der Toorn (1999: 914) concludes that “though theoretically possible, it is difficult to believe that the major Israelite deity, venerated in a cult that was imported into Palestine, was originally a deified ancestor.” Gods that originated as human ancestors tend to be worshiped locally, for a restricted group. Having declined this possibility, van der Toorn turns to other composite names, such as Rakib-’el (Charioteer of El) or Malakbel (Messenger of Bel), which represent subordinates to the great gods. Albright, Cross, Dijkstra, and de Moor all proposed explanations that identify Yahweh with El, a deity of unassailable prominence, but van der Toorn (915) finds it unexpected to have the proper name of a major god replaced by an activity attributed to him. More deeply, with two different divine names in play and contrasting associations, the very notion of an original identification raises doubt.

Type
Chapter
Information
Yahweh before Israel
Glimpses of History in a Divine Name
, pp. 233 - 276
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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