The potential for chemicals and toxicants to adversely impact health and reproduction is not a new concern; it dates back to biblical times, ancient Egypt, Greece, and the Roman Empire [1, 2]. However, it was not until the middle of the twentieth century that concerns about the effects of chemicals on reproduction were raised. In 1962, Rachel Carlson published her landmark book The Silent Spring, in which she described the harmful effects of pesticides on wildlife reproduction [3]. She is credited with starting the environmental movement, leading to the establishment of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in 1966 [4] and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 1970 [5]. The mission of the NIEHS is to “discover how the environment affects people, in order to promote healthier lives and to provide global leadership for innovative research that improves public health by preventing disease and disability.” The mission of NIOSH is to “generate new knowledge in the field of occupational safety and health and to transfer that knowledge into practice for the betterment of workers.” Through the stewardship of these agencies, as well as those in Europe and the World Health Organization (WHO), research in the fields of occupational and environmental effects on reproduction has dramatically increased [6–8]. Nonetheless, relatively few of the thousands of chemicals used in the workplace or as ingredients in commonly used products, or identified in the environment (air, water, earth, and food), have been examined for their effects on reproductive function. Of those chemicals that have been studied, few have been definitively shown to induce reproductive toxicity.