Becker, P. C. (1981), ‘Microstructural changes around non-metallic inclusions caused by rolling contact fatigue of ball bearing steels’, Metals Technology 8, 234–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D. (1950), The friction and lubrication of solids, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar

Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D. (1964), The friction and lubrication of solids, Part II, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar

Bull, S. J., Evans, J. T., Shaw, B. A. and Hofman, D. A. (1999), ‘The effect of white layer on micro-pitting and surface contact fatigue failure of nitrided gears’, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 213, 305–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carter, V. E. (1977), Metallic coatings for corrosion control, Newnes-Butterworths, London, 32–45.Google Scholar

Child, H. C. (1980), Surface hardening of steel, Engineering Design Guides, Oxford University Press, 18–20.Google Scholar

Davidson, J. A. (1991a), ‘Zirconium oxide coated prostheses for wear and corrosion resistance’, US Patent 5,037,438.Google Scholar

Davidson, J. A. (1991b), ‘Ceramic coatings for orthopaedic surfaces’, in Ceramics in substitutive and reconstructive surgery, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 157–166, edited by Vincenzini, P..Google Scholar

Davidson, J. A. (1994), ‘Ziconium oxide and nitride coated endoprostheses for tissue protection’, US Patent 5,370,694, 6 December.Google Scholar

Davidson, J. A., Asgian, C. M., Mishra, A. K. and Kovacs, P. (1992), ‘Zirconia (ZrO₂) coated zirconium-2.5Nb alloy for prosthetic knee bearing applications’, in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, ‘Bioceramics Vol. 5’, 389–401, edited by Yamamura, T..Google Scholar

Dearnley, P. A. (1999), ‘A review of metallic, ceramic and surface-treated metals used for bearing surfaces in human joint replacements’, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 213 (H), 107–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dearnley, P. A. and Aldrich-Smith, G. (2004), ‘Corrosion-wear mechanisms of hard coated austenitic 316L stainless steels’, Wear 256, 491–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dearnley, P. A., Dortmann, N., Dahm, K. L. and Weiss, H. (1997), ‘Corrosion and wear response of Cr-B coated 316L austenitic stainless steel’, Surface Engineering 13, 139–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dearnley, P. A., Figueiredo Pina, C. G. and Fisher, J. (2008), ‘Assessment of S-phase coated medical grade stainless steel (Ortron 90) for use in human joint replacement corrosion-wear environments’, Journal of Physics Part D: Applied Physics 41, 105305 (9pp).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dearnley, P. A. and Mallia, B. (2013), ‘The chemical wear (corrosion-wear) of novel Cr based hard coated 316L austenitic stainless steels in aqueous saline solution’, Wear 306, 263–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dearnley, P. A., OestGaard, M., Betts, A. J. and Wright, G. A. (1996), ‘Corrosion response of fusion coated austenitic stainless steel’, British Corrosion Journal 31 (3), 235–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dowson, D. (1979), History of tribology, Longman, London.Google Scholar

Evans, A. G. and Marshall, D. B. (1981), in ‘Fundamentals of friction and wear of materials’, ASM, 439–452, edited by Rigney, D. A..Google Scholar

Farrugia, S. (2015), MSc thesis (Engineering), University of Malta.Google Scholar

Feng, Z. and Ball, A. (1999), ‘The erosion of four materials using seven erodents – Towards an understanding’, Wear 233 –235, 674–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Figueiredo Pina, C. G. (2005), ‘Tribology of nitrogen S-phase coated stainless steel for UHMWPE hip joints’, PhD thesis, University of Leeds, UK.Google Scholar

Fontana, M. G. and Greene, N. D. (1967), Corrosion Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, 28–58.Google Scholar

Habig, K.-H. (1989), ‘Wear behaviour of surface coatings on steels’, Tribology International 22 (2), 65–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hawthorne, H. W., Arsenalut, B., Immarigeon, J. P., Legoux, J. G. and Parmeswaran, V. R. (1999), ‘Comparison of slurry and dry erosion behaviour of some HVOF thermal sprayed coatings’, Wear 225 –229, 825–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hutchings, I. M. (1992), Tribology – Friction and wear of engineering materials, Edward Arnold, London, 82–86, 97–98, 150–156, 186–192.Google Scholar

Jacobs, J. J., Gilbert, J. L. and Urban, R. M. (1998), ‘Corrosion of metal orthopaedic implants’, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 80A, 268–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jones, D. A. (1996), Principles and prevention of corrosion, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, USA, 169–171.Google Scholar

Kato, H., Eyre, T. S. and Ralph, B. (1994), ‘Wear mechanism map of nitrided steel’, Acta. Metall. Mater. 42(5), 1703–1713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kiessling, L. (1979), ‘A comparison of wear and fatigue characteristics of carburised, carbonitrided and nitrocarburised low alloy steels’, Heat Treatment of Metals 4, 97–100.Google Scholar

Kiessling, L. (1980), ‘Rolling contact fatigue of carburised and carbonitrided steels’, Heat Treatment of Metals 4, 97–101.Google Scholar

Kim, J. G., Lee., K. R. and Yang, S. J. (2008), ‘Wear corrosion performance of Si-DLC coatings on Ti-6Al-4V’, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 86A, 41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klaffke, D. and Skopp, A. (1998), ‘Are thin hard coatings (TiN, DLC, diamond) beneficial in tribologically stressed vibrational contacts? – Effects of operational parameters and relative humidity’, Surface and Coatings Technology 98, 953–961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Komotori, J., Lee, B. J., Dong, H. and Dearnley, P. A. (2001), ‘Corrosion response of surface engineered titanium alloys damaged by prior abrasion’, Wear 251, 1239–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krauss, G. (1993), ‘Microstructure, residual stresses and fatigue of carburised steels’, in Quenching and Carburising, Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar of the IFHTSE, Institute of Materials, London, 205–225.Google Scholar

Krauss, G. (1995), Steels: Heat treatment and processing principles, ASM International, 4th prntg, Materials Park, Ohio, 291–305.Google Scholar

Krauss, G. (2015), Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Landolt, D. (2007), Corrosion and surface chemistry of metals, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, USA, 281–283.Google Scholar

Landolt, D., Mischler, S., Stemp, M. and Barril, S. (2004), ‘Third body effects and material fluxes in tribocorrosion systems involving a sliding contact’, Wear 256, 517–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lawn, B. (1993), ‘Fracture of brittle solids’ Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liskiewicz, T. (2004), ‘Hard coatings durability under variable fretting wear conditions’, PhD thesis, L’Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liskiewicz, T., Fouvry, S., Wendler, B. and Rybiak, R. (2006), ‘Fretting wear of Ti(CxNy) PVD coatings under variable environmental conditions’, Proc IMechE, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 220, 125–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Long, H., Lord, A. A., Gethin, D. T. and Roylance, B. J. (2003), ‘Operating temperatures of oil lubricated medium speed gears: Numerical models and experimental results’, Proc IMechE, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 217, 87–106.Google Scholar

Mallia, B. (2008), ‘Novel nanostructured coatings for extreme tribological environments’, PhD thesis, University of Leeds, UK.Google Scholar

Mallia, B. and Dearnley, P. A. (2007), ‘The corrosion-wear response of Cr-Ti coatings’, Wear 263, 679–690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neale, M. J. (1995), Component failures, maintenance and repair – A tribology handbook, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 18–25.Google Scholar

Nicholls, J. R., Deakin, M. J. and Rickerby, D. S. (1999), ‘A comparison between the erosion behaviour of thermal spray and electron beam physical vapour deposition thermal barrier coatings’, Wear 233 –235, 352–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oila, A. (2003), ‘Micropitting and related phenomena in case carburised gears’, PhD thesis, University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.Google Scholar

Oila, A. and Bull, S. J. (2005), ‘Assessment of factors influencing micropitting in rolling/sliding contacts’, Wear 258, 1510–1524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oila, A., Shaw, B. A., Aylott, J. C. and Bull, S. J. (2005), ‘Martensite decay in micropitted gears’, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 219, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ponthiaux, P., Wenger, F., Drees, D. and Celis, J. P. (2004), ‘Electrochemical techniques for studying tribocorrosion processes’, Wear 256, 459–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Prakash, B., Ftikos, C., Celis, J. P. (2002), ‘Fretting wear behavior of PVD TiB₂ coatings’, Surface and Coatings Technology 154, 182–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Quinn, T. F. J. (1991), Physical analysis for tribology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 26, 27, 292, 341–359, 399–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rogers, P. M., Hutchings, I. M. and Little, J. A. (1995), ‘Coatings and surface treatments for protection against erosion-corrosion in fluidized beds’, Wear 186 –187, 238–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schouterden, K., Blanpai, B., Celis, J.-P., Vingsbo, O. (1995), ‘Fretting of titanium nitride and diamond-like carbon coatings at high frequencies and low amplitude’, Wear 181 –183, 86–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shima, M., Okado, J., McColl, I. R., Waterhouse, R. B., Hasegawa, T. and Kasaya, M. (1999), ‘The influence substrate material and hardness on the fretting behaviour of TiN’, Wear 225 –229, 38–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spies, H.-J. (2015). ‘Corrosion behaviour of nitrided, nitrocarburised and carburised steels’, in Thermochemical surface engineering of steels, Woodhead Publishing, Amsterdam, 267–309, edited by Mittemeijer, E. J. and Somers, M. A. J..CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stack, M. M. and Pungwiwat, N. (2004), ‘Erosion-corrosion mapping of Fe in aqueous slurries’, Wear 256, 565–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stack, M. M., Stott, F. H. and Wood, G. C. (1991), ‘Erosion-corrosion of preoxidised incoloy 800H in fluidised bed environments’, Materials Science and Technology 7, 1128–1137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stack, M. M., Stott, F. H. and Wood, G. C. (1992), ‘The effect of pre-oxidation of chromia and alumina forming alloys on erosion in laboratory simulated fluidized bed conditions’, Corrosion Science 33 (6), 965–983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sun, Y. (1989), ‘Plasma nitriding and PVD ceramic coating of low alloy steel’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, UK.Google Scholar

Sun, Y. and Dearnley, P.A. (2014), ‘Tribocorrosion behavior of duplex S/Cr(N) and S/Cr(C) coatings on CoCrMo alloy in 0.89% NaCl solution’, Journal of Bio- and Tribo- Corrosion 1, published on-line March; http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40735-014-0002-8Google Scholar

Sun, Y., Dearnley, P. A. and Bell, T. (1989), ‘The principal wear mechanisms of plasma nitrided low alloy steel’ in Plasma surface engineering, Conference proceedings Volume 2, First International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, DGM, Oberursel, Germany, 927–934.Google Scholar

Sun, Y., Dearnley, P. A. and Mallia, B. (2016), ‘Response of duplex Cr (N)/S and Cr (C)/S coatings on 316L stainless steel to tribocorrosion in 0.89% NaCl solution under plastic contact conditions,’ Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, published on-line: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm.b.33690/abstract’CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thelning, K.-E. (1981), Steel and its heat treatment – Bofors handbook, Butterworths, London.Google Scholar

Voskamp, A. P. and Mittemeijer, E. J. (1996), ‘Crystallographic preferred orientation induced by cyclic rolling contact loading’, Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A 27A, 3445–3465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Watson, S. W., Friedersdorf, F. J., Madsen, B. W. and Cramer, S. D. (1995), ‘Methods of measuring wear-corrosion synergism’, Wear 181 –183, 476–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Westergård, R., Axén, N., Wiklund, U. and Hogmark, S. (2000), ‘An evaluation of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings by erosion, abrasion and bend testing’, Wear 246, 12–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Westergård, R., Erickson, L. C., Axén, N., Hawthorne, H. M. and Hogmark, S. (1998), ‘The erosion and abrasion characteristics of alumina coatings plasma sprayed under different spraying conditions’, Tribology International 31 (5), 271–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williamson, P. K. (1980), ‘Wear of low temperature nitrided steels’, Tribology International 13 (2), 51–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wood, R. J. K. (2004), ‘Guest editorial’, Wear 256, 457–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wood, R. J. K. (2007), ‘Tribocorrosion of coatings: A review’, Journal of Physics: D – Applied Physics 40 (18), 5502–5521.Google Scholar

Xie, Y., Clark, H. M. and Hawthorne, H. M. (1999), ‘Modelling slurry particle dynamics in the coriolis tester’, Wear 225 –229, 405–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zum Gahr, K.-H. (1987), Microstructure and wear of materials, Tribology Series 10, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 93–104 & 319.Google Scholar