Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-wp2c8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-15T12:12:14.757Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2020

James W. Wood
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The Biodemography of Subsistence Farming
Population, Food and Family
, pp. 452 - 498
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdoellah, O. S. and Marten, G. G. (1986) The complementary roles of homegardens, upland fields, and rice fields for meeting nutritional needs in west Java. In Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective, ed. Marten, G. G.. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 293325.Google Scholar
Abdulfattah, K. (1981) Mountain Farmer and Fellah in ‘Asir, Southwest Saudi Arabia: The Conditions of Agriculture in a Traditional Society. Erlangen, GDR: Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten.Google Scholar
Abdullah, M. and Wheeler, E. F. (1985) Seasonal variations, and the intra-household distribution of food in a Bangladeshi village. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 41, 1305–13.Google Scholar
Abernethy, V. D. (1979) Population Pressure and Cultural Adjustment. New York: Human Sciences Press.Google Scholar
Adams, W. M. (1986) Traditional agriculture and water use in the Sokoto Valley, Nigeria. The Geographical Journal, 152, 3043.Google Scholar
Adams, W. M. and Mortimer, M. J. (1997) Agricultural intensification and flexibility in the Nigerian Sahel. The Geographical Journal, 163, 150–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, W. M., Potkanski, T. and Sutton, J. E. G. (1994) Indigenous farmer-managed irrigation in Sonjo, Tanzania. The Geographical Journal, 160, 1732.Google Scholar
Adhikari, J. (2000) Decisions for Survival: Farm Management Strategies in the Middle Hills of Nepal. Delhi: Adroit Publishers.Google Scholar
Agarwal, A. and Narain, S., eds. (1997) Dying Wisdom: Rise, Fall and Potential of India’s Traditional Water Harvesting Systems. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.Google Scholar
Aitken, Y. (1974) Flowering Time, Climate and Genotype: The Adaptation of Agricultural Species to Climate through Flowering Responses. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.Google Scholar
Albert, W. (1972) The Turnpike Road System in England 1663–1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, M. J. (1996) The effectiveness of small-scale irrigated agriculture in the reclamation of mine land soils on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria. Land Degradation and Development, 7, 7784.Google Scholar
Alexander, R. M. (1999) Energy for Animal Life. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, A. M. S. (2005) Homegardens in smallholder farming systems: Examples from Bangladesh. Human Ecology, 33, 245–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allan, W. (1949) How much land does a man require? In Studies in African Land Usage in Northern Rhodesia. Rhodes-Livingstone Paper 15. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, pp. 123.Google Scholar
Allan, W. (1965) The African Husbandman. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Allan, W., Gluckman, M., Peters, D. U., et al. (1948) Land Holding and Land Usage among the Plateau Tonga of Mazabuka District: A Reconnaissance Survey, 1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, B. J. (2001) Boserup and Brookfield and the association between population density and agricultural intensity in Papua New Guinea. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 42, 237–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, B. J. and Crittenden, R. (1987) Degradation and a pre-capitalist political economy. In Land Degradation and Society, ed. Blaikie, P. and Brookfield, H. C.. London: Routledge, pp. 145–56.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C., Bengtsson, T. and Dribe, M, eds. (2005) Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Almås, R., ed. (2004) Norwegian Agricultural History. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press.Google Scholar
Almåsbakk, B., Whiting, H. T. A. and van den Tillaar, R. (2000) Optimisation in the learning of cyclical actions. In Energetics of Human Activity, ed. Sparrow, W. A.. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics, pp. 228–54.Google Scholar
Altieri, M. A. (1990) Why study traditional agriculture? In Agroecology, ed. Carroll, C. R. and Vandermeer, J. H.. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 331–64.Google Scholar
Alvarez, N., Garine, E., Khasah, C., et al. (2005) Farmers’ practices, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation of agricultural diversity on-farm: A case study of sorghum among the Duupa in sub-Sahelian Cameroon. Biological Conservation, 121, 533–43.Google Scholar
Amanor, K. S. (1991) Managing the fallow: Weeding technology and environmental knowledge in the Krobo District of Ghana. Agriculture and Human Values, 8, 513.Google Scholar
An, L., Lin, J., Ouyang, Z., et al. (2001) Simulating demographic and socioeconomic processes on the household level and implications for giant panda habitats. Ecological Modelling, 140, 3149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, K. B. (1978) African Traditional Architecture: A Study of Housing and Settlement Patterns of Rural Kenya. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. K., Calvo, J., Serrano, G. and Payne, G. C. (1946) A study of the nutritional status and food habits of Otomi Indians in the Mezquital Valley of Mexico. American Journal of Public Health, 36, 883903.Google Scholar
Andriesse, J. P. (1989) Nutrient management through shifting cultivation. In Nutrient Management for Food Crop Production in Tropical Farming Systems, ed. van der Heide, J.. Haren, the Netherlands: Institute for Soil Fertility, pp. 2962.Google Scholar
Andriesse, J. P. and Koopmans, T. T. (1984) A monitoring study of nutrient cycles in soils used for shifting cultivation under various climatic conditions in tropical Asia. I. The influence of simulated burning on forms and availability of plant nutrients. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 12, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andriesse, J. P. and Schelhaas, R. M. (1987) A monitoring study of nutrient cycles in soils used for shifting cultivation under various climatic conditions in Asia. III. The effects of land clearing through burning on fertility level. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 19, 311–32.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1960) Working models in medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 174, 407–8.Google Scholar
Armstrong, G. L., Conn, L. A. and Pinner, R. W. (1999) Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 61–8.Google Scholar
Ashman, M. R. and Puri, G. (2002) Essential Soil Science. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Assah, F. K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., et al. (2011) Accuracy and validity of combined heart rate and motion sensor for the measurement of free-living physical activity energy expenditure in adults in Cameroon. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40, 112–20.Google Scholar
Astill, G. (1988) Fields. In The Countryside of Medieval England, ed. Astill, G. and Grant, A.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 6285.Google Scholar
Astill, G. and Davies, W. (1997) A Breton Landscape. London: University College London Press.Google Scholar
Avdeev, A., Blum, A. and Troitskala, I. (2004/6) Peasant marriage in nineteenth-century Russia. Population, 59, 721–64.Google Scholar
Ayala, F. J. (1966) Dynamics of populations, I: Factors affecting population growth and population size in Drosophila serrata. The American Naturalist, 100, 333–4.Google Scholar
Aykroyd, W. R. (1971) Nutrition and mortality in infancy and early childhood: Past and present relationships. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 24, 480–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, R. C., Jenike, M. R., Ellison, P. T., et al. (1992) The ecology of birth seasonality among agriculturalists in central Africa. Journal of Biosocial Sciences, 24, 393412.Google Scholar
Bailyn, B. (1986) Voyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Baker, J. M. (2005) The Kuhls of Kangra: Community-Managed Irrigation in the Western Himalayas. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Baker, P. T. and Sanders, W. T. (1972) Demographic studies in anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 1, 151–78.Google Scholar
Ballard, C. (2001) Wetland drainage and agricultural transformations in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 42, 287304.Google Scholar
Barclay, G.W. (1954) Colonial Development and Population in Taiwan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bardgett, R. D. (2005) The Biology of Soil: A Community and Ecosystem Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barker, D. J. P (2002) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life. New York: B. M. J. Books.Google Scholar
Barker, G. (1985) Prehistoric Farming in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barker, G. (2006) The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory: Why Did Foragers Become Farmers? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barlett, P. F. (1976) Labor efficiency and the mechanism of agricultural evolution. Journal of Anthropological Research, 32, 124–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlett, P. F. (1980a) Adaptive strategies in peasant agricultural production. Annual Review of Anthropology, 9, 545–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlett, P. F., ed. (1980b) Agricultural Decision Making: Anthropological Contributions to Rural Development. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Barlett, P. F. (1980c) Introduction: Dimensions and dilemmas of householding. In The Household Economy: Reconsidering the Domestic Mode of Production, ed. Wilk, R. R.. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 310.Google Scholar
Barlett, P. F. (1982) Agricultural Choice and Change: Decision Making in a Cost Rica Community. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, G. (1990) Paddy soils now and then. World Archaeology, 22, 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrau, J. (1958) Subsistence Agriculture in Melanesia. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum.Google Scholar
Barrau, J. (1961) Subsistence Agriculture in Polynesia and Micronesia. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum.Google Scholar
Bartlett, M. S. (1960) Stochastic Population Models in Ecology and Epidemiology. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Bascom, W. (1949) Subsistence farming on Ponape. The New Zealand Geographer, 5, 115–29.Google Scholar
Bastien, G. J., Schepens, B., Willems, P. A. and Heglund, N. C. (2005) Energetics of load carrying in Nepalese porters. Science, 308, 1755.Google Scholar
Bates, R. P. (1986) Postharvest considerations in the food chain. In Food in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Hansen, A. and McMillan, D. E.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 230–59.Google Scholar
Bayliss, P. and Choquenot, D. (2003) The numerical response: Rate of increase and food limitation in herbivores and predators. In Wildlife Population Growth Rates, ed. Sibly, R. M., Hone, J. and Clutton-Brock, T. H.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 148–79.Google Scholar
Beach, T., Dunning, N., Luzzadder-Beach, S., Cook, D.E. and Lohse, J. (2006) Impacts of the ancient Maya on soils and soil erosion in the central Maya lowlands. Catena, 65, 166–78.Google Scholar
Beardsley, R. K., Hall, J. W. and Ward, R. E. (1959) Village Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Beaton, G. H. (1989) Small but healthy: Are we asking the right question? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43, 863–75.Google Scholar
Beaumont, P., Bonine, M. and McLachlan, K., eds. (1989) Qanat, Kariz and Khattara: Traditional Water Systems in the Middle East and North Africa. Wisbech: MENAS Press.Google Scholar
Becker, S. (1994) Understanding seasonality in Bangladesh. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 709, 370–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Becker, S., Chowdhury, A. and Leridon, H. (1986) Seasonal patterns of reproduction in Matlab, Bangladesh. Population Studies, 40, 457–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, S. and Sardar, M. A. (1981) Seasonal patterns of vital events in Matlab thana, Bangladesh. In Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty, ed. Chambers, R., Longhurst, R. and Pacey, A.. London: Frances Pinter, pp. 149–54.Google Scholar
Beckerman, S. (1983a) Does the swidden ape the jungle? Human Ecology, 11, 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckerman, S. (1983b) Barí swidden gardens: Crop segregation patterns. Human Ecology, 11, 85101.Google Scholar
Bedell, J. (2000) Archaeology and probate inventories in the study of eighteenth-century life. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 31, 223–45.Google Scholar
Beets, W. C. (1982) Multiple Cropping and Tropical Farming Systems. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Behar, R. (1986) Santa María del Monte: The Presence of the Past in a Spanish Village. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, J. and Watson, M. (1986) Irish Farming: Implements and Techniques 1750–1900. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Bellon, M. R. (1991) The ethnoecology of maize variety management: A case study from Mexico. Human Ecology, 19, 389418.Google Scholar
Bellon, M. R., Pham, J.-L., Sebastian, L. S., et al. (1998) Farmers’ perceptions of varietal diversity: Implications for on-farm conservation of rice. In Farmers, Gene Banks and Crop Breeding: Economic Analyses of Diversity in Wheat, Maize, and Rice, ed. Smale, M.. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing, pp. 95108.Google Scholar
Bellon, M. R. and Taylor, J. E. (1993) “Folk” soil taxonomy and the partial adoption of new seed varieties. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 41, 763–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellwood, P. (2005) First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bender, D. R. (1967) A refinement of the concept of household: Families, coresidence and domestic functions. American Anthropologist, 69, 493503.Google Scholar
Bengtsson, T. (1999) The vulnerable child: Economic insecurity and child mortality in pre-industrial Sweden – a case study of Västanfors, 1757–1850. European Journal of Population, 15, 117–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bengtsson, T., Campbell, C. and Lee, J. Z., eds. (2004) Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700–1900. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benneh, G. (1973) Small-scale farming systems in Ghana. Africa, 43, 134–46.Google Scholar
Bennett, B. C., Baker, M. A. and Andrade, P. G. (2001) The Ethnobotany of the Shuar of Eastern Ecuador. New York: New York Botanical Garden Press.Google Scholar
Bentley, J. W. (1987) Economic and ecological approaches to land fragmentation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 16, 3767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, J. W. (1992) Today There is no Misery: The Ethnography of Farming in Northwest Portugal. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Benyshek, D. C. and Watson, J. T. (2006) Exploring the thrifty genotype’s food-shortage assumptions: A cross-cultural comparison of ethnographic accounts of food security among foraging and agricultural societies. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 131, 120–6.Google Scholar
Berkner, L. K. (1972) The stem family and the developmental cycle of the peasant household: An eighteenth-century Austrian example. American Historical Review, 77, 398418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkner, L. K. (1975) The use and misuse of census data for the historical analysis of family structure. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 7, 721–38.Google Scholar
Berkner, L. K. and Shaffer, J. W. (1978) The joint family in the Nivernais. Journal of Family History, 3, 150–62.Google Scholar
Berliner, N. (2003) Yin Yu Tang: The Architecture and Daily Life of a Chinese House. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.Google Scholar
Bernard, F. E. (1972) East of Mount Kenya: Meru Agriculture in Transition. Munich: Weltforum Verlag.Google Scholar
Berry, S. (1993) No Condition is Permanent: The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Sub-Saharan Africa. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Berryman, A. A. (1994) Population dynamics: Forecasting and diagnosis from time series. In Individuals, Populations and Patterns in Ecology, ed. Watt, K. E. F., Leather, S. A. and Hunter, D. M.. Andover, UK: Intercept Press, pp. 119–28.Google Scholar
Berryman, A. A. (2004) Limiting factors and population regulation. Oikos, 105, 667–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, E. (1925) Maori Agriculture: The Cultivated Food Plants of the Natives of New Zealand, with Some Account of Native Methods of Agriculture, its Ritual and Origin Myth. Wellington: Dominion Museum.Google Scholar
Bethea, C. L., Phu, K., Reddy, A. P. and Cameron, J. L. (2013) The effect of short moderate stress on the midbrain corticotrophin-releasing factor system in a macaque model of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Fertility and Sterility, 100, 1111–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhandari, M. M. (1974) Famine foods in the Rajasthan desert. Economic Botany, 28, 7381.Google Scholar
Bideau, A., Desjardins, B. and Brignoli, H. P., eds. (1997) Infant and Child Mortality in the Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bil, A. (1990) The Shieling 1600–1840: The Case of the Central Scottish Highlands. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Billari, F. C., Preskawetz, A. and Fürnfranz, J. (2003) On the cultural evolution of age-at-marriage norms. In Agent-Based Computational Demography: Using Simulation to Improve our Understanding of Demographic Behaviour, ed. Billari, F. C. and Preskawetz, A.. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, pp. 139–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, H. (1948) Lost City of the Incas: The Story of Machu Picchu and its Builders. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pierce.Google Scholar
Binswanger, H. P., Evenson, R. E., Florencio, C. A. and White, B. N. F., eds. (1980) Rural Households in Asia. Singapore: Singapore University Press.Google Scholar
Binswanger, H. P. and McIntire, J. (1987) Behavioral and material determinants of production relationships in land-abundant tropical agriculture. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36, 7399.Google Scholar
Binswanger, H. P. and Ruttan, V. (1978) Induced Innovation: Technology, Institutions, and Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Blackstone, W. (1979) Commentaries on the Laws of England: A Facsimile of the First Edition of 1765–1769. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. M. (1971) Spatial organization of agriculture in some north Indian villages: Parts I and II. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 52, 140; 53, 15–30.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. M. and Brookfield, H. C. (1987) Approaches to the study of land degradation. In Land Degradation and Society, ed. Blaikie, P. M. and Brookfield, H. C.. London: Routledge, pp. 2748.Google Scholar
Bleiberg, F. M., Brun, T. A. and Goihman, S. (1980) Duration of activities and energy expenditure of female farmers in dry and rainy seasons in Upper Volta. British Journal of Nutrition, 43, 7182.Google Scholar
Bleiberg, F. M., Brun, T. A., Goihman, S. and Lippman, D. (1981) Food intake and energy expenditure of male and female farmers from Upper Volta. British Journal of Nutrition, 45, 505–15.Google Scholar
Boersma, B. and Wit, J. M. (1997) Catch-up growth. Endocrine Reviews, 18, 646–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bogaard, M., Fraser, R., Heaton, T. H. E., et al. (2013) Crop manuring and intensive land management by Europe’s first farmers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, early edition www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1305918110.Google Scholar
Bogin, B. (2011) !Kung nutritional status and the original “affluent society” – a new analysis. Anthropologischer Anzeiger: Journal of Biological and Clinical Anthropology, 68, 349–66.Google Scholar
Bohannan, P. (1954) Tiv Farm and Settlement. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Bohannan, P. and Bohannan, L. (1968) Tiv Economy. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Bolt, V. J. and Bird, K. (2003) The Intrahousehold Disadvantages Framework: A Framework for the Analysis of Intra-household Difference and Inequality. CPRC Working Paper No. 32. Manchester: Chronic Poverty Research Centre, University of Manchester.Google Scholar
Bonan, G. (2002) Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bonar, J. (1885) Malthus and His Work. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bongaarts, J. (1980) Does malnutrition affect fecundity? A summary of evidence. Science, 208, 564–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bongaarts, J. (1987) The projection of family composition over the life course with family status life tables. In Family Demography: Methods and their Applications, ed. Bongaarts, J., Burch, T. K. and Wachter, K.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 189212.Google Scholar
Bongaarts, J. and Cain, M. (1982) Demographic responses to famine. In Famine, ed. Cahill, K. M.. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, pp. 4459.Google Scholar
Bongaarts, J. and Delgado, H. (1979) Effects of nutritional status on fertility in rural Guatemala. In Natural Fertility, ed. Leridon, H. and Menken, J. A.. Liège: Ordina Editions, pp. 107–33.Google Scholar
Booth, A. and Sundrum, R. M. (1985) Labour Absorption in Agriculture: Theoretical Analyses and Empirical Investigations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Booth, B. D., Murphy, S. D. and Swanton, C. J. (2003) Weed Ecology in Natural and Agricultural Systems. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Borges, J. L. (1970) A Universal History of Infamy, trans. N. T. di Giovanni. New York: E. P. Dutton.Google Scholar
Börjeson, L. (2004a) A History under Siege: Intensive Agriculture in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania, 19th Century to the Present. Stockholm: Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Börjeson, L. (2004b) The history of Iraqw intensive agriculture, Tanzania. In Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa, ed. Widgren, M. and Sutton, J. E. G.. Oxford: James Currey, pp. 68104.Google Scholar
Borrie, W. D. (1970) The Growth and Control of World Population. London: Weidenfield and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1965) The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1970) Women’s Role in Economic Development. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1976) Environment, population, and technology in primitive societies. Population and Development Review, 2, 2136.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1981) Population and Technological Change: A Study of Long-Term Trends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1990) Economic and Demographic Relationships in Development, ed. Schultz, T. P.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1999) My Professional Life and Publications 1929–1998. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Boster, J. S. (1983) A comparison of the diversity of Jivaroan gardens with that of the tropical forest. Human Ecology, 11, 4768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boster, J. S. (1985) Selection for perceptual distinctiveness: Evidence for Aguaruna cultivars of Manihot esculenta. Economic Botany, 39, 310–25.Google Scholar
Bourgholtzer, F. (1999) Aleksandr Chayanov and Russian Berlin. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Bourke, R. M. (2001) Intensification of agricultural systems in Papua New Guinea. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 42, 219–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourke, R. M. (2007) Managing the species composition of fallows in Papua New Guinea by planting trees. In Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming, ed. Cairns, M.. Washington: Resources for the Future, pp. 379–88.Google Scholar
Bourke, R. M., Allen, B. J., Hobsbawn, P. and Conway, J. (1998) Papua New Guinea: Text Summaries (two volumes). Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 1. Canberra: Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University.Google Scholar
Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E., eds. (1999) Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to Modern Times. Proceedings of the British Academy 96. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boyce, A. J., Küchemann, C. F. and Harrison, G. A. (1967) Neighborhood knowledge and the distribution of marriage distances. Annals of Human Genetics, 30, 335–8.Google Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1985) Culture and the Evolutionary Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (2002) Group beneficial norms spread rapidly in a structured population. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 215, 287–96.Google Scholar
Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (2009) Culture and the evolution of human cooperation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences), 364, 3281–8.Google Scholar
Boyd, R., Richerson, P. J. and Henrich, J. (2011) The cultural niche: Why social learning is essential for human adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (10), 918–25.Google Scholar
Bradfield, M. (1971) The Changing Pattern of Hopi Agriculture. London: Royal Anthropological Institute.Google Scholar
Brady, N.C. and Weil, R. R. (2007) The Nature and Properties of Soils, 14th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Brage, S., Brage, N., Franks, P., Ekelund, U. and Wareham, N. (2005) Reliability and validity of the combined heart rate and movement sensor Actiheart. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 561–70.Google Scholar
Brasier, C. M. (2001) Rapid evolution of introduced plant pathogens via interspecific hybridization. BioScience, 51, 1213–33.Google Scholar
Bray, F. (1984) Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 6 (Biology and Biological Technology), Part II (Agriculture), ed. Needham, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bray, F. (1986) The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Brenton, B. P. (1989) The seasonality of storage. In Coping with Seasonal Constraints, ed. Huss-Ashmore, R., Curry, J. J. and Hithcock, R. K.. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, pp. 4554.Google Scholar
Bronson, B. (1972) Farm labor and the evolution of food production. In Population Growth: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Spooner, B.. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 190218.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. (1962) Local study and comparative method: An example from central New Guinea. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 52, 242–54.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. (1968) New directions in the study of agricultural systems in tropical areas. In Environment and Evolution, ed. Drake, E. T.. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 413–39.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. (1972) Intensification and disintensification in Pacific agriculture: A theoretical approach. Pacific Viewpoint, 13, 3048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. (1984) Intensification revisited. Pacific Viewpoint, 25, 1544.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. (2001a) Exploring Agrodiversity. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. (2001b) Intensification, and alternative approaches to agricultural change. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 42, 181–92.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. and Brown, P. (1963) Struggle for Land: Agriculture and Group Territories among the Chimbu of the New Guinea Highlands. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C. and Hart, D. (1971) Melanesia: A Geographical Interpretation of an Island World. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. C., Potter, L. and Byron, Y. (1995) In Place of the Forest: Environment and Socio-economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, G. A., Fahey, T. D. and White, T. P. (1996) Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications. Mountain View, CA: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Browman, D. L. (1987) Agro-pastoral risk management in the Central Andes. Research in Economic Anthropology, 8, 171200.Google Scholar
Brown, A. G. and Barber, K. E. (1985) Late Holocene paleoecology and sedimentary history of a small lowland catchment in central England. Quaternary Research, 24, 87102.Google Scholar
Brown, G. M. (1997) For the Islands I Sing. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Brown, J. K. (1963) A note on the division of labor by sex. American Anthropologist, 72, 1073–8.Google Scholar
Brown, K. H., Roberston, A. D., Akhtar, N. A. and Ahmed, M. G. (1986) Lactational capacity of marginally nourished mothers: Relationships between maternal nutritional status and quantity and proximate composition of milk. Pediatrics, 78, 909–19.Google Scholar
Brown, L., ed. (1993) The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (Volume 1, A-M). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Brown, P. and Padolefsky, A. (1976) Population density, agricultural intensity, land tenure and group size in the New Guinea highlands. Ethnology, 15, 211–38.Google Scholar
Browne, D. J. (1858) The Field Book of Manures, or the American Muck Book. New York: A. A. Moore Agricultural Book Publisher.Google Scholar
Brun, T. A., Bleiberg, F. and Goihman, S. (1981) Energy expenditure of male farmers in dry and rainy seasons in Upper-Volta. British Journal of Nutrition, 45, 6775.Google Scholar
Brun, T. A., Geissler, C. A., Mirbagheri, I., et al. (1979) The energy expenditures of Iranian agricultural workers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32, 2154–61.Google Scholar
Brush, S. B. (1975) The concept of carrying capacity for systems of shifting cultivators. American Anthropologist, 77, 799811.Google Scholar
Brush, S. B. (1977) Mountain, Field, and Family: The Economy and Human Ecology of an Andean Valley. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brush, S. B. (1986) Genetic diversity and conservation in traditional farming systems. Journal of Ethnobiology, 6, 151–67.Google Scholar
Brush, S. B. (2004) Farmers’ Bounty: Locating Crop Diversity in the Contemporary World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Brush, S. B., Carney, H. and Huaman, Z. (1981) The dynamics of Andean potato agriculture. Economic Botany, 35, 7088.Google Scholar
Brush, S. B. and Meng, E. (1998) Farmers’ evaluation and conservation of crop genetic resources. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 45, 139–50.Google Scholar
Bruun, T. B., de Neergaard, A., Lawrence, D. and Ziegler, A. (2009) Environmental consequences of the demise in swidden agriculture in Southeast Asia: Carbon storage and soil quality. Human Ecology, 37, 375–88.Google Scholar
Bruun, T. B., Mertz, O. and Elberling, B. (2006) Linking yields of upland rice in shifting cultivation to fallow length and soil properties. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 113, 139–49.Google Scholar
Buck, J. L. (1930) Chinese Farm Economy: A Study of 2866 Farms in Seventeen Localities and Seven Provinces in China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Buck, J. L. (1937) Land Utilization in China: A Study of 16,786 Farms in 168 Localities, and 38,256 Families in Twenty-two Provinces in China, 1929-1933. Nanking: University of Nanking Press.Google Scholar
Burch, T. K. (1970) Some demographic determinants of average household size: An analytical approach. Demography, 7, 61–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnham, P. (1980) Opportunity and Constraint in a Savanna Society: The Gbaya of Meiganga, Cameroon. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Burton, M. L., Brudner, L. A. and White, D. R. (1977) A model of the sexual division of labor. American Ethnologist, 4, 227–51.Google Scholar
Burton, M. L. and Reitz, K. (1981) The plow, female contribution to agricultural subsistence and polygyny: A log linear analysis. Behavior Science Research, 16, 272305.Google Scholar
Burton, M. L. and White, D. R. (1984) Sexual division of labor in agriculture. American Anthropologist, 86, 568–82.Google Scholar
Cain, M. T. (1977) The economic activities of children in a village in Bangladesh. Population and Development Review, 3, 201–27.Google Scholar
Cairns, M., ed. (2007) Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. Washington: Resources for the Future.Google Scholar
Cairns, M., Keitzar, S. and Yaden, T. A. (2007) Shifting forests in northeast India: Management of Alnus nepalensis as an improved fallow in Nagaland. In Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming, ed. Cairns, M.. Washington: Resources for the Future, pp. 341–78.Google Scholar
Caldwell, J. C. (1976) Toward a restatement of demographic transition theory. Population and Development Review, 2, 321–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldwell, J. C. (1982) Theory of Fertility Decline. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, J. L. (1996) Regulation of reproductive hormone secretion in primates by short-term changes in nutrition. Reviews of Reproduction, 1, 117–26.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. M. S. (1984) Population pressure, inheritance and the land market in a fourteenth-century peasant community. In Land, Kinship and Life Cycle, ed. Smith, R. M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. M. S. and Bartley, K. (2006) England on the Eve of the Black Death: An Atlas of Lay Lordship, Land and Wealth, 1300–49. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. M. S., Galloway, J. A. and Murphy, M. (1992) Rural land-use in the metropolitan hinterland, 1270–1330: The evidence of inquisitiones post mortem. Agricultural History Review, 40, 122.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. M. S. and Overton, M., eds. (1991) Land, Labour and Livestock: Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, C. D. and Lee, J. Z. (1996) A death in the family: Household structure and mortality in rural Liaoning – life-event and time-series analysis, 1792–1867. History of the Family, 1, 297328.Google Scholar
Cancian, F. (1972) Change and Uncertainty in a Peasant Economy: The Maya Corn Farmers of Zinacantan. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Carlson, T. (1913) Über geschwindigkeit und grösse der Hefevermehrung in Würze. Biochemische Zeitschrift, 57, 313–34.Google Scholar
Carney, J. (1991) Indigenous soil and water management in Senegambian rice farming systems. Agriculture and Human Values, 8, 3748.Google Scholar
Carpenter, K. J. (1969) Man’s dietary needs. In Population and Food Supply: Essays on Human Needs and Agricultural Prospects ed. Hutchinson, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 6174.Google Scholar
Carrier, E. H. (1932) Water and Grass: A Study in the Pastoral Economy of Southern Europe. London: Christophers.Google Scholar
Carter, A. T. (1984) Household histories. In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group, ed. Netting, R. M., Wilk, R. R. and Arnould, E. J.. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 4483.Google Scholar
Castetter, E. F. and Bell, W. H. (1942) Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Castetter, E. F. and Bell, W. H. (1951) Yuman Indian Agriculture. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Caswell, H. (2006) Matrix Population Models, 2nd edn. Sunderland, CT: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Catt, J. A. (1994) Long-term consequences of using artificial and organic fertilisers: The Rothamsted experiments. In The History of Soils and Field Systems, ed. Foster, S. and Smout, T. C.. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press, pp. 119–34.Google Scholar
Caulfield, L. E., de Onis, M., Blossner, M. and Black, R. E. (2003) Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 193–8.Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. and Bodmer, W. F. (1971) The Genetics of Human Populations. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Ceccarelli, S., Acevedo, E. and Grando, S. (1991) Breeding for yield stability in unpredictable environments: Single traits, interaction between traits, and architecture of genotypes. Euphytica, 56, 169–85.Google Scholar
Census of India (1951) Census of India, Volume 1, India: Part IA, Demographic Tables. New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India.Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (2009) Yąnomamö, 5th edn. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Chakravarty, K. K., Badam, G. L. and Parnjpye, V. (2006) Traditional Water Management Systems of India. Bhopal: Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya.Google Scholar
Chaloner, W. H. and Ratcliffe, B. M., eds. (1977) Trade and Transport: Essays in Economic History in Honour of T. S. Willam. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, A. T. (2006) Demography in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chambers, J. D. and Mingray, G. E. (1966) The Agricultural Revolution 1750–1880. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Chambers, R., Longhurst, R. and Pacey, A. (1981) Seasonal patterns in births and deaths. In Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty, ed. Chambers, R., Longhurst, R. and Pacey, A.. London: Frances Pinter, pp. 135–62.Google Scholar
Chambers, R., Pacey, A. and Thrupp, L. A., eds. (1989) Farmer First: Innovation and Agricultural Research. London: Intermediate Technology.Google Scholar
Chang, C. C. (1963) An Agricultural Engineering Analysis of Rice Farming Methods in Taiwan. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Charbonneau, H. (1970) Tourouvre-au-Perche aux XVIIe et XVIIIe Siècles: Étude de Démographie Historique. Paris: PUF.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, B. (1980) Evolution of Age-Structured Populations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chayanov, A. V. (1925) Organizatsiîa Krest’îanskogo Khozîaĭstva. Moscow: The Co-operative Publishing House.Google Scholar
Chayanov, A. V. (1966 [orig. 1925]) The Theory of Peasant Economy, trans. R. E. F. Smith, ed. Thorner, D., Kerblay, B. and Smith, R. E. F.. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.Google Scholar
Chayanov, A. V. (1986 [orig. 1925]) The Theory of Peasant Economy, new edition, trans. R. E. F. Smith, ed. Thorner, D., Kerblay, B. and Smith, R. E. F.. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Chen, L. C., Ahmed, S., Gesche, M. and Mosley, W. H. (1974) A prospective study of birth interval dynamics in rural Bangladesh. Population Studies, 28, 277–97.Google Scholar
Chen, L. C., Chowdhury, A. K. M. A. and Huffman, S. L. (1979) Seasonal dimensions of energy protein malnutrition in rural Bangladesh: The role of agriculture, dietary practices and infection. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 8, 175–8.Google Scholar
Chen, L. C., Chowdhury, A. K. M. A. and Huffman, S. L. (1980) Anthropometric assessment of energy-protein malnutrition and subsequent risk of mortality among preschool-aged children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 1836–43.Google Scholar
Chen, L. C., Huq, E. and D’Souza, S. (1981) Sex bias in the family allocation of food and health care in rural Bangladesh. Population and Development Review, 7, 5570.Google Scholar
Chibnik, M. (1984) A cross-cultural examination of Chayanov’s theory. Current Anthropology, 25, 335–40.Google Scholar
Chibnik, M. (1987) The economic effects of household demography: A cross-cultural assessment of Chayanov’s theory. In Household Economies and Their Transformations, ed. Maclachlan, M. D.. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, pp. 74106.Google Scholar
Chisholm, M. (1962) Rural Settlement and Land Use: An Essay in Location. London: Hutchinson University Library.Google Scholar
Chowdhury, M. K., Becker, S., Razzaque, A., et al. (1981) Demographic Surveillance System, Matlab: Vital Events and Migration 1978. Scientific Report No. 47. Dhaka: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research.Google Scholar
Christanty, L., Abdoellah, O. S., Marten, G. C. and Iskander, J. (1986) Traditional agroforestry in West Java: The pekarangan (housegarden) and kebun-talun (annual-perennial rotation) cropping systems. In Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective, ed. Marten, G. C.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 132–58.Google Scholar
Christian, P. (2008) Infant mortality. In Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries, 2nd edn, ed. Semba, R. D. and Bloem, M. W.. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 87111.Google Scholar
Christiansen, S. (1975) Subsistence on Bellona Island (Mungiki): A Study of the Cultural Ecology of a Polynesian Outlier in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. Copenhagen: Reitzels Forlag.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. M. (1993) Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy 1000–1700. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Claidière, N. and André, J.-B. (2012) The transmission of genes and culture: A questionable analogy. Evolutionary Biology, 39, 1224.Google Scholar
Clark, C. and Haswell, M. (1967) The Economics of Subsistence Agriculture, 3rd edn. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Clarke, W. C. (1971) Place and People: An Ecology of a New Guinean Community. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Claus, P. J. and Lintner, S. (1975) The cultural ecology of a paddy tract. Tools and Tillage, 2, 211–27.Google Scholar
Clawson, D. L. (1985) Harvest security and intraspecific diversity in traditional tropical agriculture. Economic Botany, 39, 5667.Google Scholar
Cleave, J. H. (1974) African Farmers: Labor Use in the Development of Smallholder Agriculture. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Cleveland, D. A. and Soleri, D. (2007) Extending Darwin’s analogy: Bridging differences in concepts of selection between farmers, biologists, and plant breeders. Economic Botany, 61, 121–36.Google Scholar
Coale, A. J. (1965) Appendix: Estimates of average size of household. In Aspects of the Analysis of Family Structure, ed. Coale, A. J., Fallers, L. A., Levy, M. J., Schneider, D. M. and Tomkins, S. S.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 64–9.Google Scholar
Coale, A. J. (1971) Age patterns of marriage. Population Studies, 25, 193214.Google Scholar
Coale, A. J. and Demeny, P. (1983) Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations, 2nd edn. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Coale, A. J. and McNeil, D. R. (1972) Distribution by age of the frequency of first marriage in a female cohort. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67, 743–9.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. E. (1995) How Many People can the Earth Support? New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. N. (1989) Health and the Rise of Civilization. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. N. and Armelagos, G., eds. (1984) Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. N. and Crane-Kramer, G. M. M., eds. (2007) Ancient Health: Skeletal Indicators of Agricultural and Economic Intensification. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Cole, T. J. and Coward, W. A. (1992) Precision and accuracy of doubly labeled water energy expenditure by multipoint and two-point methods. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism, 263, 965–73.Google Scholar
Coleman, D. C., Crossley, D. A. and Hendrix, P. F. (2004) Fundamentals of Soil Ecology, 2nd edn. London: Elsevier Academic.Google Scholar
Collier, G. A. (1975) Fields of the Tzotzil: The Ecological Basis of Tradition in Highland Chiapas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. P., ed. (2000) A History of Farming Systems Research. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Conelly, W. T. (1992) Agricultural intensification in a Philippine frontier community: Impact on labor efficiency and farm diversity. Human Ecology, 20, 203–23.Google Scholar
Conklin, H. C. (1957) Hanunóo Agriculture: A Report on an Integral System of Shifting Cultivation in the Philippines. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Conklin, H. C. (1961) The study of shifting cultivation. Current Anthropology, 2, 2761.Google Scholar
Conklin, H. C. (1963) El Estudio del Cultivo de Roza: The Study of Shifting Cultivation. Washington, DC: Union Panamericana.Google Scholar
Conklin, H. C. (1980) Ethnographic Atlas of Ifugao: A Study of Environment, Culture, and Society in Northern Luzon. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. (1961) Effects of competition, predation by Thais lapillus, and other factors on natural populations of the barnacle Balanus balanoides. Ecological Monographs, 31, 61104.Google Scholar
Connor, D. J., Loomis, R. S. and Cassman, K. G. (2011) Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cook, H. and Williamson, T., eds. (1999) Water Management in the English Landscape: Field, Marsh and Meadow. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Cook, O. F. (1920) Foot-plow agriculture in Peru. In Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution 1918. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 487–91.Google Scholar
Cook, O. F. (1921) Milpa agriculture: A primitive tropical system. In Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution 1919. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 207–26.Google Scholar
Cornell, L. L. (1987) Hajnal and the household in Asia: A comparativist history of the family in preindustrial Japan, 1600–1870. Journal of Family History, 12, 143–62.Google Scholar
Cotterell, B. and Kamminga, J. (1990) Mechanics of Pre-industrial Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cotton, C. M. (1996) Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications. New York: Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Coward, E. W., ed. (1980) Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Cowgill, G. (1975) On causes and consequences of ancient and modern population changes. American Anthropologist, 77, 505–25.Google Scholar
Cowles, A. and Chapman, E. N. (1935) Statistical study of climate in relation to pulmonary tuberculosis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 30, 517–36.Google Scholar
Craig, D., Meechan, J. G. and Skelly, M., eds. (1993) The Agriculture of Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cramb, R. A. (1989) Labor efficiency and intensity of land use in rice production: An East Malaysian case. Agricultural Systems, 29, 97115.Google Scholar
Cramb, R. A. (2007) Land and Longhouse: Agrarian Transformation in the Uplands of Sarawak. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.Google Scholar
Cramer, H. H. (1967) Plant Protection and World Crop Production. Leverkusen, GDR: Bayer.Google Scholar
Cressey, G. B. (1950) Qanats, karez, and foggaras. Geographical Review, 48, 2744.Google Scholar
Crouter, S. E., Albright, C. and Bassett, D. R. (2004) Accuracy of Polar S410 heart rate monitor to estimate energy cost of exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1433–9.Google Scholar
Cuffaro, N. (2001) Population, Economic Growth and Agriculture in Less Developed Countries. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cumming, D. C., Wheeler, G. D. and Harber, V. J. (1994) Physical activity, nutrition, and reproduction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 709, 5576.Google Scholar
Curwin, E. C. and Hatt, G. (1953) Plough and Pasture: The Early History of Farming. New York: Henry Schuman.Google Scholar
Czap, P. (1982) The perennial multiple family household. Journal of Family History, 1, 526.Google Scholar
de Guzman, P. E., Dominguez, D. R., Kalaw, J. M., Basconcillo, R. O. and Santos V, F. (1974) A study of the energy expenditure, dietary intake, and pattern of daily activity among various occupational groups. I. Languna rice farmers. Philippine Journal of Science, 103, 5365.Google Scholar
de Onis, M. and Blössner, M. (1997) WHO Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
de Onis, M., Monteiro, C., Akr, J. and Clugston, G. (1993) The worldwide magnitude of protein-energy malnutrition: An overview from the WHO database on child growth. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 71, 703–12.Google Scholar
de Ortiz, R. R. (1973) Uncertainties in Peasant Farming: A Colombian Case. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
de Schlippe, P. (1956) Shifting Cultivation in Africa: The Zande System of Agriculture. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
de Smith, M. J. (2003) GIS, distance, paths and anisotropy. In Advanced Spatial Analysis, ed. Longley, P. A. and Batty, M.. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, pp. 309–26.Google Scholar
Dandekar, V. M. and Pethe, V. (1960) Size and composition of rural families. Artha Vijñana, 2, 189–99.Google Scholar
Danilov, V. (1991) Introduction: Alexander Chayanov as a theoretician of the co-operative movement. In Chayanov, A. V., The Theory of Peasant Co-operatives. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, pp. xixxxv.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Datoo, B. A. (1978) Toward a reformulation of Boserup’s theory of agricultural change. Economic Geography, 54, 134–44.Google Scholar
Davidson, J. (1938) On the ecology of the growth of the sheep population in South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 62, 141–8.Google Scholar
Dearing, J. A., Håkansson, H., Liedberg-Jönsson, B., et al. (1987) Lake sediments used to quantify the erosional response to land use change in southern Sweden. Oikos, 50, 6078.Google Scholar
DeBano, L. F., Neary, D. G. and Folliott, P. F. (1998) Fire’s Effects on Ecosystems. New York: Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Dejene, A., Shishira, E. K., Yanda, P. Z. and Johnsen, F. H. (1997) Land Degradation in Tanzania. Washington: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Delang, C. (2006) Not just minor forest products: The economic rationale for the consumption of wild plant foods by subsistence farmers. Ecological Economics, 59, 6473.Google Scholar
Denevan, W. M. (1971) Campa subsistence in the Gran Pajonal, Eastern Peru. Geographical Review, 61, 496518.Google Scholar
Denevan, W. M. (2001) Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Denevan, W. M. and Padoch, C., eds. (1987) Swidden-Fallow Agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon. New York: New York Botanical Garden Press.Google Scholar
Dercon, S. and Krishnan, P. (2000) In sickness and health: Risk sharing within households in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Political Economy, 108, 688727.Google Scholar
Devereux, F., Sabates-Wheeler, R. and Longhurst, R., eds. (2012) Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development. London: EarthScan.Google Scholar
Devereux, S., Vaitla, B. and Swan, S. H. (2008) Seasons of Hunger: Fighting Cycles of Quiet Starvation among the World’s Rural Poor. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Dewalt, B. R. (1985) Farming systems research. Human Organization, 44, 106–14.Google Scholar
Dewar, R. E. (1984) Environmental productivity, population regulation, and carrying capacity. American Anthropologist, 86, 601–14.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. (1987) The worst mistake in the history of the human race. Discover Magazine, May, 64–6.Google Scholar
Dijkman, J. (1999) Carrying capacity: Outdated concept or useful livestock management tool? In Crop and Grassland Service (AGPC), Livestock: Coping with Drought (www.odi.org.uk/work/projects/pdn/drought/dijkman.html). London: Pastoral Development Network, Overseas Development Institute, unpaginated.Google Scholar
Dinks, R. (1993) Starvation and famine. Cross-Cultural Research, 27, 2869.Google Scholar
Doblhammer-Reiter, G., Rodgers, J. L. and Rau, R. (1999) Seasonality of Birth in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Austria: Steps toward a Unified Theory of Human Reproductive Seasonality. MPIDR Working 1999-013. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.Google Scholar
Donahue, B. (2004) The Great Meadow: Farmers and the Land in Colonial Concord. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Donkin, R. A. (1979) Agricultural Terracing in the Aboriginal New World. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Doolittle, W. E. (1984) Agricultural change as an incremental process. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 74, 124–37.Google Scholar
Doolittle, W. E. (2000) Cultivated Landscapes of Native North America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dove, M. R. (1984) The Chayanovian slope in a swidden society: Household demography and extensive agriculture in West Kalimantan. In Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic Anthropology, ed. Durrenberger, E. P.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 97132.Google Scholar
Dove, M. R. (1985) Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantu’. Berlin: Mouton Publishers.Google Scholar
Drake, M. (1969) Population and Society in Norway 1735–1865. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Drechsel, P. and Penning de Vries, F. W. T. (2001) Land pressure and soil nutrient depletion in sub-Saharan Africa. In Response to Land Degradation, ed. Bridges, E. M., Hannam, I. D., Oldeman, L. R., et al. Plymouth: Scientific Publishers, pp. 5564.Google Scholar
Dubois, P. and Ligon, E. (2010) Nutrition and Risk Sharing within the Household. CUDARE Working Paper 1096. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
Duckham, A. N. (1963) Agricultural Synthesis: The Farming Year. London: Chatto and Windus.Google Scholar
Duckham, A. N. and Masefield, G. B. (1969) Farming Systems of the World. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Due, J. M. and Anandajayasekeram, P. (1984) Contrasting farming systems in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 18, 583–91.Google Scholar
Dufour, D. L. (1983) Nutrition in the northwest Amazon: Household dietary intake and time-energy expenditure. In Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, ed. Hames, R. B. and Vickers, W. T.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 328–55.Google Scholar
Dufour, D. L. (1984) The time and energy expenditure of indigenous women horticulturalists in the northwest Amazon. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 65, 3746.Google Scholar
Dufour, D. L. and Piperata, B. A. (2008) Energy expenditure among farmers in developing countries: What do we know? American Journal of Human Biology, 20, 249–58.Google Scholar
Dumont, R. (1957) Types of Rural Economy: Studies in World Agriculture. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Dupâquier, J., ed. (1983) Malthus Past and Present. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Durnin, J. V. G. A. and Passmore, R. (1967) Energy, Work and Leisure. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Durrenberger, E. P. (1978) Agricultural Production and Household Budgets in a Shan Peasant Village in Northwestern Thailand: A Quantitative Description. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Durrenberger, E. P. (1979) Rice production in a Lisu village. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 10, 139–45.Google Scholar
Durrenberger, E. P. (1980) Chayanov’s economic analysis in anthropology. Journal of Anthropological Research, 36, 133–48.Google Scholar
Durrenberger, E. P., ed. (1984) Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic Anthropology. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dwyer, P. D. (1990) The Pigs that Ate the Garden: A Human Ecology from Papua New Guinea. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Dyer, C. (1983) English diet in the later middles ages. In Social Relations and Ideas, ed. Aston, T. H., Cross, P. R., Dyer, C. and Thirsk, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 191216.Google Scholar
Dyer, C. (1989) Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages: Social Change in England c. 1200–1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dyer, C. (1991) Decline and Growth in English Towns 1400–1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dyer, C. (2002) Making a Living in the Middle Ages: The People of Britain 850–1520. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dyke, B. (1981) Computer simulation in anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 10, 193207.Google Scholar
Dyke, B. and MacCluer, J. W., eds. (1974) Computer Simulation in Human Population Studies. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dyke, G. V. (1993) John Lawes of Rothamsted: Pioneer of Science, Farming and Industry. Harpenden: Hoos Press.Google Scholar
Eder, J. F. (1991) Agricultural intensification and labor productivity in a Philippine vegetable gardening community: A longitudinal study. Human Organization, 50, 245–55.Google Scholar
Eger, H. (1987) Run-off Agriculture: A Case Study of the Yemeni Highlands. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P. R. (1968) The Population Bomb. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Elder, G. H. (1987) Families and lives: Some developments in life-course studies. Journal of Family History, 12, 179–99.Google Scholar
Ellis, F. (1993) Peasant Economics: Farm Households and Agrarian Development, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ellison, P. T. (1990) Human ovarian function and reproductive ecology: New hypotheses. American Anthropologist, 92, 933–52.Google Scholar
Ellison, P. T. (2003) On Fertile Ground: A Natural History of Human Reproduction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
El Titi, A., ed. (2003) Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems. Boca Rotan, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Elzebroek, T. and Wind, K. (2008) Guide to Cultivated Plants. Wallingford: CABI International.Google Scholar
Ember, C. R. (1983) The relative decline in women’s contribution to agriculture with intensification. American Anthropologist, 85, 285304.Google Scholar
Engelen, T. (2005) The Hajnal hypothesis and transition theory. In Marriage and the Family in Eurasia: Perspectives on the Hajnal Hypothesis, ed. Engelen, T. and Wolf, A. P.. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers, pp. 5171.Google Scholar
Engelen, T. and Wolf, A. P. (2005) Introduction: Marriage and family in Eurasia – Perspectives on the Hajnal hypothesis. In Marriage and the Family in Eurasia: Perspectives on the Hajnal Hypothesis, ed. Engelen, T. and Wolf, A. P.. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers, pp. 1534.Google Scholar
Engelhardt, T. (1984) Economics of Traditional Smallholder Irrigation Systems in the Semi-Arid Tropics of South Asia. Stuttgardt-Hohenheim, GDR: Institut für Agrar- und Sozialökonomie in den Tropen und Sutropen Fachgebiet Ökonomik der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion.Google Scholar
Engels, F. (1954 [orig. 1844]) Outlines of a critique of political economy. In Marx and Engels on Malthus: Selections from the writings of Marx and Engels dealing with the theories of Thomas Robert Malthus, ed. Meek, R. L.. New York: International Publishers, pp. 5763.Google Scholar
Erinç, S. and Tunçdelik, N. (1952) The agricultural regions of Turkey. The Geographical Review, 42, 179203.Google Scholar
ESHRE Capri Workshop Group (2006) Nutrition and reproduction in women. Human Reproduction Update, 12, 193207.Google Scholar
Evans, L. T. (1993) Crop Evolution, Adaptation and Yield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, L. T. (1998) Feeding the Ten Billion: Plants and Population Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eyzaguirre, P. B. and Linares, O. F., eds. (2004) Home Gardens and Agrobiodiversity. Washington: Smithsonian Books.Google Scholar
FAO (1958) The State of Food and Agriculture 1958. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
FAO (1974) Shifting Cultivation and Soil Conservation in Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
FAO (1997) Estimated post-harvest losses of rice in Southeast Asia (www.fao.org/FACTFILE/FF9712-e.htm). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Fairhurst, H. (1971) The study of deserted medieval settlements in Scotland (to 1968), Part I: Rural settlement. In Deserted Medieval Village, ed. Beresford, M. and Hurst, J. G.. London: Macmillan, pp. 229–35.Google Scholar
Farmer, B. H. (1960) On not controlling subdivision in paddy-lands. Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 225–35.Google Scholar
Faveau, V., Wojtyniak, B., Mostafa, G., Sarder, A. M. and Chakraborty, J. (1990) Perinatal mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh: A community-based study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 606–12.Google Scholar
Fei, H.-T. (1939) Peasant Life in China: A Field Study of Country Life in the Yangtze Valley. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Fei, H.-T. and Chang, C.-I. (1945) Earthbound China: A Study of Rural Economy in Yunnan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fenton, A. (1974) The cas-chrom: A review of the Scottish evidence. Tools and Tillage, 2, 131–48.Google Scholar
Fenton, A. (1976) Scottish Country Life. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Fenton, A. (1978) The Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Fenton, A. (1984) Wheelless transport in northern Scotland. In Loads and Roads in Scotland and Beyond: Road Transport over 6000 Years, ed. Fenton, A. and Stell, G.. Edinburgh: John Donald, pp. 105–23.Google Scholar
Fenton, A. and Stell, G., eds. (1984) Loads and Roads in Scotland and Beyond: Road Transport over 6000 Years. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Fernea, R. A. (1970) Shaykh and Effendi: Changing Patterns of Authority among the El Shabana of Southern Iraq. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ferro-Luzzi, A. (1985) Work capacity and productivity in long-term adaptation to low energy intakes. In Nutritional Adaptation in Man, ed. Blaxter, K. and Waterlow, J. C.. London: John Libbey, pp. 61–9.Google Scholar
Ferro-Luzzi, A., Morris, S. S., Taffesse, S., Demissie, T. and D’Amato, M. (2001) Seasonal Undernutrition in Rural Ethiopia: Magnitude, Correlates, and Functional Significance. Research Report 118. Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute.Google Scholar
Fertig, G. (2003) The invisible chain: Niche inheritance and unequal social reproduction in pre-industrial Continental Europe. History of the Family, 8, 719.Google Scholar
Fertig, G. (2005) The Hajnal hypothesis before Hajnal. In Marriage and the Family in Eurasia: Perspectives on the Hajnal Hypothesis, ed. Engelen, T. and Wolf, A. P.. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers, pp. 3748.Google Scholar
Findley, S. E. (1994) Does drought increase migration? A study of migration from rural Mali during the 1983–85 droughts. International Migration Review, 28, 539–53.Google Scholar
Findley, S. E. and Salif, S. (1998) From season to season: Agriculture, poverty and migration in the Senegal River Valley, Mali. In Emigration Dynamics in Developing Countries, Volume 1: Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Appleyard, R.. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 69143.Google Scholar
Findley, S. E., Traore, S., Ouedraogo, D. and Diarra, S. (1995) Emigration from the Sahel. International Migration, 33, 469520.Google Scholar
Firth, R. U. (1966) Housekeeping among Malay Peasants, 2nd edn. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Firth, R. W. (1939) Primitive Polynesian Economy. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Firth, R. W. (1969) Social structure and peasant economy: The influence of social structure upon peasant economies. In Subsistence Agriculture and Economic Development, ed. Wharton, C. R.. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 2337.Google Scholar
Fisher, C. T. (2007) Agricultural intensification in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin: Landesque capital as statecraft. In Seeking a Richer Harvest: The Archaeology of Subsistence Intensification, Innovation, and Change, ed. Thurston, T. T. and Fisher, C. T.. New York: Springer Science, pp. 91106.Google Scholar
Fisk, E. K. (1971) Labour absorption capacity of subsistence agriculture. The Economic Record, September, 366–78.Google Scholar
Fix, A. G. (1999) Migration and Colonization in Human Microevolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fjellman, S. M. (1977) The Akamba domestic cycle as Markovian process. American Ethnologist, 4, 699713.Google Scholar
Flew, A., ed. (1970) Thomas Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population and A Summary View of the Principle of Population. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Floud, R., Fogel, R. W., Harris, B. and Hong, S. C. (2011) The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Floud, R. and Wachter, K. (1982) Poverty and physical stature: Evidence on the standard of living of London boys 1770–1980. Social Science History, 6, 422–52.Google Scholar
Floud, R., Wachter, K. and Gregory, A. (1990) Height, Health and History: Nutritional Status in the United Kingdom 1750–1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Flowers, N. M. (1983) Seasonal factors in subsistence, nutrition, and child growth in a central Brazilian Indian community. In Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, ed. Hames, R. B. and Vickers, W. T.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 357–90.Google Scholar
Flowers, N. M., Gross, D. R., Ritter, M. L. and Werner, D. W. (1983) Variation in swidden practices in four central Brazilian Indian societies. Human Ecology, 10, 203–17.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W. (1994) The relevance of Malthus for the study of mortality today: Long-run influences on health, mortality, labour force participation, and population growth. In Population, Economic Development and the Environment: The Making of our Common Future, ed. Kiessling, K. L. and Landberg, H.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 231–84.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W. (2004) The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100: Europe, America, and the Third World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W., Engerman, S. L., Floud, R., et al. (1983) Secular changes in American and British stature and nutrition. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 14, 445–81.Google Scholar
Forbes, J. C. and Watson, R. D. (1992) Plants in Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forbes, S. (2005) A Natural History of Families. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ford, K. and Huffman, S. (1993) Maternal nutrition, infant feeding, and post-partum amenorrhea: Recent evidence from Bangladesh. In Biomedical and Demographic Determinants of Reproduction, ed. Gray, R., Leridon, H. and Spira, A.. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Foster, S. and Smout, T. C., eds. (1994) A History of Soils and Field Systems. Erskine: Scottish Historical Press.Google Scholar
Fourastié, J. (1959) De la vie traditionelle à la vie ‘tertiaire’: Recherches sur le calendrier demographique de l’homme moyen. Population, 14, 417–32.Google Scholar
Fox, J. W. and Cumberland, K. B., eds. (1962) Western Samoa: Land, Life and Agriculture in Tropical Polynesia. Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs.Google Scholar
Fox, R. H. (1953) A Study of Energy Expenditure of Africans Engaged in Various Activities, with Special Reference to Some Environmental and Physiological Factors which May Influence the Efficiency of their Work. PhD dissertation, Department of Nutritional Science, University of London, London.Google Scholar
Franklin, S. H. (1969) The European Peasantry: The Final Phase. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Freeman, J. D. (1955) Iban Agriculture: A Report on the Shifting Cultivation of Hill Rice by the Iban of Sarawak. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Freeman, J. D. (1970) Report on the Iban. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Fricke, T. E. (1984) Himalayan Households: Tamang Demography and Domestic Processes. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press.Google Scholar
Friedrich, K.-H. (1968) Coffee-banana holdings at Bukoba: The reasons for stagnation at a higher level. In Smallholder Farming and Smallholder Development in Tanzania, ed. Ruthenberg, H.. Munich: Weltforum-Verlag, pp. 175212.Google Scholar
Fuchs, M., Lang, A. and Wagner, G. A. (2004) The history of Holocene soil erosion in the Philous Basin, NE Peloponnese, Greece, based on optical dating. Holocene, 14, 334–45.Google Scholar
Fukui, H. (1993) Food and Population in a Northeast Thai Village. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Fussell, G. I. (1952) The Farmer’s Tools: The History of British Farm Implements and Machinery AD 1500–1900. London: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Gade, D. W. (1975) Plants, Man and the Land in the Vilcota Valley of Peru. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk B. V.Google Scholar
Gade, D. W. and Rios, R. (1974) Chaquitaclla: The native footplough and its persistence in central Andean agriculture. Tools and Tillage, 2, 315.Google Scholar
Gage, T. B. (1993) The decline of mortality in England and Wales 1861 to 1964: Decomposition by cause of death and component of mortality. Population Studies, 47, 4766.Google Scholar
Galloway, J. A. and Murphy, M. (1991) Feeding the city: Medieval London and its agrarian hinterland. The London Journal, 16, 314.Google Scholar
Ganskoop, D., Cruz, R. and Johnson, D. E. (2000) Least-effort pathways? A GIS analysis of livestock trails in rugged terrain. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 68, 179–90.Google Scholar
Gardner, D. (2001) Intensification, social production, and the inscrutable ways of culture. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 42, 193207.Google Scholar
Gavin, W. (1951) The way to higher crop yields. Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture, 58, 176–7.Google Scholar
Geddes, W. R. (1954) The Land Dayaks of Sarawak. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Geddes, W. R. (1976) Migrants of the Mountains: The Cultural Ecology of the Blue Miao (Hmong Njua) of Thailand. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (1963) Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Geiger, R. (1965) The Climate near the Ground (revised edition). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Georgescu-Roegen, N. (1970) The institutional aspects of peasant communities: An analytical view. In Subsistence Agriculture and Economic Development, ed. Wharton, C. R.. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 6193.Google Scholar
Gepts, P. (2004) Crop domestication as a long-term selection experiment. Plant Breeding Reviews, 24, 144.Google Scholar
Gershwin, M. E., Nestel, P. and Keen, C. L., eds. (2004) Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.Google Scholar
Giardina, C. P., Sanford, R. L., Dockersmith, I. C. and Jaramillo, V. J. (2000) The effects of slash burning on ecosystem nutrients during the land preparation phase of shifting cultivation. Plant Soil, 220, 247–60.Google Scholar
Gibson, R. D. (2005) Principles of Nutritional Assessment, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gilbert, G., ed. (2008) Thomas Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gilg, J. P. (1970) Culture commercial et discipline agraire Dobadéné (Tchad). Etudes Rurales, 37–39, 173–97.Google Scholar
Gill, G. J. (1991) Seasonality and Agriculture in the Developing World: A Problem of the Poor and Powerless. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gladstone, B. P., Muliyil, J. P., Jaffar, S., et al. (2008) Infant morbidity in an Indian slum birth cohort. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93, 479–84.Google Scholar
Gleave, M. B. (1996) The length of the fallow period in tropical fallow farming systems: A discussion with evidence from Sierra Leone. The Geographical Journal, 162, 1424.Google Scholar
Gleave, M. B. and White, H. P. (1969) Population density and agricultural systems in West Africa. In Environment and Land Use in Africa, ed. Thomas, M. F. and Whittington, G. W.. London: Methuen, pp. 273300.Google Scholar
Gliessman, S. R. (2007) Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Godoy, R., O’Neill, K., Groff, S., et al. (1997) Household determinants of deforestation by Amerindians in Honduras. World Development, 25, 977–87.Google Scholar
Goland, C. (1993a) Cultivating Diversity: Field Scattering as Agricultural Risk Management in Cuyo Cuyo, Department of Puno, Peru. Production, Storage, and Exchange Research Project, Working Paper No. 4. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.Google Scholar
Goland, C. (1993b) Field scattering as agricultural risk management: A case study from Cuyo Cuyo, Department of Puno, Peru. Mountain Research and Development, 13, 317–38.Google Scholar
Golson, J. (2007) Unraveling the story of early plant exploitation in highland Papua New Guinea. In Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives, ed. Denham, T., Iriarte, J. and Vrydaghs, L.. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, pp. 109–25.Google Scholar
Gönner, C. (2002) A Forest Tribe of Borneo: Resource Use among the Dayak Benuaq. Nagar, Bali: D.K. Printworld.Google Scholar
Goodnight, C. J. and Stevens, L. (1997) Experimental studies of group selection: What do they tell us about group selection in nature? The American Naturalist, 150, S59S79.Google Scholar
Goody, J., ed. (1958) The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goody, J. (1972) The evolution of the family. In Household and Family in Past Time, ed. Laslett, P. and Wall, R.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 103–24.Google Scholar
Goody, J. (1976) Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gourou, P. (1975) Man and Land in the Far East. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Gray, L. C. (2005) What kind of intensification? Agricultural practice, soil fertility and socioeconomic differentiation in rural Burkina Faso. The Geographical Journal, 171, 7082.Google Scholar
Gray, R. F. (1963) The Sonjo of Tanganyika: An Anthropological Study of an Irrigation-Based Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, R. F. (1964) Introduction. In The Family Estate in Africa, ed. Gray, R. F. and Gulliver, P. H.. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 133.Google Scholar
Grégoire, E. (1980) Etude Socio-économique du Village de Gourjae (Départment de Maradi, Niger). Programme de Recherches sur la Région de Maradi. Bourdeaux: Université de Bourdeaux.Google Scholar
Griffiths, J. F. (1959) Bioclimatology and the meteorological services. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Tropical Meteorology in Africa. Nairobi: World Meteorological Organization, pp. 282300.Google Scholar
Grigg, D. B. (1974) The Agricultural Systems of the World: An Evolutionary Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Grigg, D. B. (1979) Ester Boserup’s theory of agrarian change: A critical review. Progress in Human Geography, 3, 6484.Google Scholar
Grove, A. (1993) Water use by the Chagga on Kilimanjaro. African Affairs, 92, 431–48.Google Scholar
Grove, A. T. and Klein, F. M. G. (1979) Rural Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Guillemin, R. (1956) Evolution de l’agriculture autochtone dans les savannes de l’Oubangui. Agronomie Tropicale, 11, 143–76.Google Scholar
Guillet, D. (1981) Land tenure, ecological zone, and agricultural regime in the Central Andes. American Ethnologist, 8, 139–58.Google Scholar
Gunasena, H. P. M., ed. (2001) Food Security and Small Tank Systems in Sri Lanka. Colombo: National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka.Google Scholar
Hack, J. T. (1942) The Changing Physical Environment of the Hopi Indians of Arizona. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum.Google Scholar
Hadley, C., Belachew, T., Lindstrom, D. and Tessema, F. (2011) The shape of things to come? Household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144, 643–52.Google Scholar
Hagen, E. H., Barrett, H. C. and Price, M. E. (2006) Do human parents face a quantity–quality tradeoff? Evidence from a Shuar community. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 130, 405–18.Google Scholar
Hajnal, J. (1965) European marriage patterns in perspective. In Population in History: Essays in Historical Demography, ed. Glass, D. V. and Eversley, D. E. C.. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 101–43.Google Scholar
Hajnal, J. (1982) Two kinds of preindustrial household formation system. Population and Development Review, 8, 449–94.Google Scholar
Hall, A. D. (1905) The Book of the Rothamsted Experiments. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Hall, A. D. (1909) Fertilisers and Manures. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Hallam, H. E. (1957) The Lincolnshire Fenland in the Early Middle Ages: A Social and Economic History. PhD dissertation, Department of History, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Halstead, P. (2014) Two Oxen Ahead: Pre-Mechanized Farming in the Mediterranean. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Halstead, P. and O’Shea, J., eds. (1989) Bad Year Economics: Cultural Responses to Risk and Uncertainty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hames, R. B. and Vickers, W. T., eds. (1983) Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hammel, E. A. (1984) On the *** of studying household form and function. In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group, ed. Netting, R. M., Wilk, R. R. and Arnould, E. J.. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 2943.Google Scholar
Hammel, E. A. (2005) Chayanov revisited: A model for the economics of complex kin units. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 7043–6.Google Scholar
Hammel, E. A. and Laslett, P. (1974) Comparing household structure over time and between cultures. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 16, 73109.Google Scholar
Handy, E. S. C. (1940) The Hawaiian Planter, Volume I: His Plants, Methods and Areas of Cultivation. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum.Google Scholar
Hanks, L. M. (1972) Rice and Man: Agricultural Ecology in Southeast Asia. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.Google Scholar
Hansen, H. O. (1975) Population Census of 1729 in Three Counties. Statistics of Iceland II, 59. Reykjavik: Iceland Statistical Bureau.Google Scholar
Hanson, R. (2000) Long-term growth as a sequence of exponential models. (http://hanson.gmu.edu/longgrow.html).Google Scholar
Hanus, H. and Schoop, P. (1989) Influence of nitrogen and fungicide on yield and yield variability in wheat and barley. In Variability in Grain Yields, ed. Anderson, J. R. and Hazell, P. B. R.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 265–9.Google Scholar
Haraldsson, H. V. and Olafsdottir, R. (2006) A novel modeling approach for evaluating the preindustrial natural carrying capacity of human population in Iceland. Science of the Total Environment, 372, 109–19.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243–8.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. (1998) The feast of Malthus: Living within limits. The Social Contract, Spring, 181–7.Google Scholar
Harding, T. G. (1985) Kunai Men: Horticultural Systems of a Papua New Guinea Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hardjono, J. (1987) Land, Labour and Livelihood in a West Java Village. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gadjah Mada University Press.Google Scholar
Hareven, T. K. (1974) The family process: The historical study of the family cycle. Journal of Social History, 7, 322–9,Google Scholar
Harlan, J. R. (1992) Crops and Man, 2nd edn. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Harlan, J. R. (1995) The Living Fields: Our Agricultural Heritage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Harlan, J. R. and Pasquereau, J. (1969) Décrue agriculture in Mali. Economic Botany, 23, 70–4.Google Scholar
Harris, D. R. (1971) The ecology of swidden cultivation in the Upper Orinoco rain forest, Venezuela. Geographical Review, 61, 475–95.Google Scholar
Harris, D. R. (1972) The origin of agriculture in the tropics. The American Scientist, 60, 180–93.Google Scholar
Harris, F. (1999) Nutrient management strategies of small-holder farmers in a short-fallow farming system in north-east Nigerian. The Geographical Journal, 165, 275–85.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. (1975) Chayanov and the economics of the Russian peasantry. Journal of Peasant Studies, 2, 389417.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. (1977) The peasant mode of production in the work of A. V. Chayanov. Journal of Peasant Studies, 4, 323–36.Google Scholar
Hassall, M. and Beauroy, J., eds. (1993) Land and Landscape in Norfolk 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. R. (1953) Economics of Agriculture in a Savannah Village. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. R. (1963) The Changing Pattern of Economic Activity in a Gambia Village. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. R. (1967) Economics of Development in Village India. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. R. (1973) Tropical Farming Economics. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. R. (1985) Energy for Subsistence, 2nd edn. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. R. and Hunt, D., eds. (1991) Rural Households in Emerging Economies: Technology and Change in Sub-Saharan Africa. Providence, RI: Berg.Google Scholar
Hatch, J. K. (1974) The Corn Farmers of Motupe: A Study of Traditional Farming Practices in Northern Coastal Peru. Madison, WI: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Hatcher, J. (1977) Plague, Population and the English Economy 1348–1530. Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hatcher, J. and Bailey, M. (2001) Modelling the Middle Ages: The History and Theory of England’s Economic Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hawkes, K., O’Connell, J. F., Blurton-Jones, N. G., Alvarez, H. P. and Charnov, E. L. (1998) Grandmothering, menopause, and the evolution of human life histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95, 1336–9.Google Scholar
Hay, R. K. M. and Porter, J. R. (2006) The Physiology of Crop Yield, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hayami, Y. (1978) Anatomy of a Peasant Economy: A Rice Village in the Philippines. Manila: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Hazlett, W. (1807) A Reply to the Essay on Population by the Rev. T. R. Malthus. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme.Google Scholar
Heady, E. O. and Dillon, J. L. (1961) Agricultural Production Functions. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Healey, C. (1990) Maring Hunters and Traders: Production and Exchange in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Heglund, N. C., Willems, P. A., Penta, M. and Cavagna, G. A. (1995) Energy-saving gait mechanics with head-supported loads. Nature, 375, 52–4.Google Scholar
Hegmon, M. (1989) Risk reduction and variation in agricultural economies: A computer simulation of Hopi agriculture. Research in Economic Anthropology, 11, 89121.Google Scholar
Heine, K. (2003) Paleopedological evidence of human-induced environmental change in the Puebla-Tlaxcala area (Mexico) during the last 3,500 years. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 20, 235–44.Google Scholar
Hendry, J. B. (1964) The Small World of Khanh Hau. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Herlihy, D. and Klapisch-Zuber, C. (1978) Les Toscans et leurs Familles: Une Étude du Castato Florentin de 1427. Paris: Presses de la Fondation national des Sciences Politiques.Google Scholar
Heron, R. (1794) General View of the Natural Circumstances of the Isles adjacent to the North West Coast of Scotland which are distinguished by the Common Name of Hebudae or Hebrides. Great Britain Board of Agriculture. Edinburgh: John Paterson.Google Scholar
Herring, R. J. (1984) Chayanovian versus neoclassical perspectives on land tenure and productivity interactions. In Durrenberger, E. P. (ed.), Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic Anthropology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 133–49.Google Scholar
Heston, A. and Kumar, D. (1983) The persistence of land fragmentation in peasant agriculture: An analysis of South Asian cases. Explorations in Economic History, 20, 199220.Google Scholar
Hewlett, B., van de Koppel, J. and van de Koppel, M. (1986) Causes of death among Aka pygmies of the Central African Republic. In African Pygmies, ed. Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 4563.Google Scholar
Heywood, P. (1982) The functional significance of malnutrition – growth and prospective risk of death in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Journal of Food and Nutrition, 39, 1319.Google Scholar
Hickey, G. C. (1964) Village in Vietnam. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hildebrand, E. A. (2007) A tale of two tuber crops: How attributes of ensete and yams may have shaped prehistoric human–plant interactions in southwest Ethiopia. In Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives, ed. Denham, T., Iriarte, J. and Vrydaghs, L.. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, pp. 273–98.Google Scholar
Hill, D. J. (1977) The role of Anabaena in the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis. New Phytologist, 78, 611–16.Google Scholar
Hill, P. (1972) Rural Hausa: A Village and a Setting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, P. (1977) Population, Prosperity and Poverty: Rural Kano 1900 and 1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, P. (1982) Dry Grain Farming Families: Hausaland (Nigeria) and Karnataka (India) Compared. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, R. W., Wyse, G. A. and Anderson, M. (2008) Animal Physiology, 2nd edn. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Hinde, P. R. A. (1998) Demographic Methods. London: Hodder and Arnold.Google Scholar
Hindle, P. (2002) Medieval Roads and Tracks. Princes Risborough: Shire Archaeology.Google Scholar
Ho, R. (1967) Farmers of Central Malaya. Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
Hobcraft, J. (1985) Comments from a demographer. In Maternal Nutrition and Lactational Infertility, ed. Dobbing, J.. New York: Raven Press, pp. 129–37.Google Scholar
Hoffpauir, R. (1978) Subsistence strategy and its ecological consequences in the Nepal Himalaya. Anthropos, 73, 215–52.Google Scholar
Höhn, C. (1987) The family life cycle: Needed extensions of the concept. In Family Demography: Methods and their Applications, ed. Bongaarts, J., Burch, T. K., and Wachter, K. W.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 6580.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V. and Herbeger, J. P. (1991) The World’s Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing.Google Scholar
Holman, D. J. (1996) Total Fecundability and Pregnancy Loss in Rural Bangladesh. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology and Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.Google Scholar
Holman, D. J. and Grimes, M. A. (2001) Colostrum feeding behaviour and initiation of breast-feeding in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial Science, 33, 139–54.Google Scholar
Holt, J. and Lawrence, M. (1993) Making Ends Meet: A Survey of the Food Economy of the Ethiopian North-East Highlands. London: Save the Children UK.Google Scholar
Homans, G. C. (1942) English Villagers of the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hommel, R. P. (1937) China at Work: An Illustrated Record of the Primitive Industries of China’s Masses, whose Life is Toil, and thus an Account of Chinese Civilization. New York: The John Day Company.Google Scholar
Hone, J. and Sibly, R. M. (2003) Demographic, mechanistic and density-dependent determinants of population growth rate: A case study in an avian predator. In Wildlife Population Growth Rates, ed. Sibly, R. M., Hone, J. and Clutton-Brock, T. H.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 41-54.Google Scholar
Howatson, W. (1984) Grain harvesting and harvesters. In Farm Servants and Labour in Lowland Scotland, 1770–1910, ed. Devine, T. M.. Edinburgh: John Donald, pp. 124–42.Google Scholar
Howell, N. (1979) Demography of the Dobe !Kung. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hudson, N. (1992) Land Husbandry. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Huffman, S. L., Chowdhury, A. K. M. A, Chakraborty, J. and Simpson, N. K. (1980) Breastfeeding patterns in rural Bangladesh. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 144–54.Google Scholar
Huffnagel, H. P. (1961) Agriculture in Ethiopia. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Hughes, P. J., Sullivan, M. E. and Yok, D. (1991) Human induced erosion in a highlands catchment in Papua New Guinea: The prehistoric and contemporary records. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 83, 227–39.Google Scholar
Hugo, G. J. (1984) The demographic impact of famine: A review. In Famine as a Geographical Phenomenon, ed. Currey, B. and Hugo, G. J.. Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 731.Google Scholar
Hunt, D. (1978) Chayanov’s model of peasant household resource allocation and its relevance to Mbere division, Eastern Kenya. Journal of Development Studies, 15, 5986.Google Scholar
Hunt, D. (1979) Chayanov’s model of peasant household resource allocation. Journal of Peasant Studies, 6, 247–85.Google Scholar
Hunt, R. C. (1988) Size and the structure of authority in canal irrigation systems. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 44, 335–55.Google Scholar
Hunt, R. C. (2000) Labor productivity and agricultural development: Boserup revisited. Human Ecology, 28, 251–77.Google Scholar
Hunt, R. D. (1987) Indian Agriculture in America: Prehistory to Present. Lawrence, KA: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
Hunter, P. (1997) Waterborne Disease: Epidemiology and Ecology. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1978) An Introduction to Population Ecology. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Igbozurike, M. U. (1970) Fragmentation in tropical agriculture: An overrated phenomenon. The Professional Geographer, 22, 321–5.Google Scholar
Ingram, S. E. and Hunt, R. C., eds. (2015) Traditional Arid Lands Agriculture: Understanding the Past for the Future. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Imminck, M. D. C. (1990) Measuring food production and consumption, and the nutritional effects of tropical home gardens. In Tropical Home Gardens, ed. Landauer, K. and Brazil, M.. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, pp. 126–37.Google Scholar
Innis, D. Q. (1997) Intercropping and the Scientific Basis of Traditional Agriculture. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.Google Scholar
Izikowitz, K. G. (1951) Lamet: Hill Peasants in French Indochina. Gothenberg: Ethnographic Museum.Google Scholar
Jackson, A. A. and Calder, P. C. (2004) Severe undernutrition and immunity. In Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity, ed. Gershwin, M. E., Nestel, P. and Keen, C. L.. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 7192.Google Scholar
Jackson, I. J. (1989) Climate, Water and Agriculture in the Tropics, 2nd edn. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Jacquard, A. (1974) The Genetic Structure of Populations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
James, P., ed. (1989) T.R. Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population; or A View to its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness; With an Inquiry into our Prospects Respecting the future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils which it Occasions (edition of 1803 with the variora of 1806, 1807, 1817 and 1826; two volumes). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
James, W. P. T. and Schofield, E. C. (1990) Human Energy Requirements: A Manual for Planners and Nutritionists. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Janlekha, K. (1955) A Study of the Economy of a Rice Growing Village in Central Thailand. Bangkok: Ministry of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Economics.Google Scholar
Jasny, N. (1972) Soviet Economists of the Twenties: Names to be Remembered. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jelliffe, D. B. (1966) The Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Community (with Special Reference to Field Surveys in Developing Regions of the World). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. A. (2010) Household Structure, Dynamics, and Economy in a Preindustrial Farming Population: The North Orkney Islands, 1851–1901. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology and Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. A., Wood, J. W. and Johnson, P. L. (2011) Household-level predictors of the presence of servants in Northern Orkney, Scotland, 1851–1901. History of the Family, 16, 278–91.Google Scholar
Jensen, M., Michelsen, A. and Menassie, G. (2001) Responses in plant, soil inorganic and microbial nutrient pools to experimental fire, ash and biomass addition in a woodland savanna. Oecologia, 128, 8593.Google Scholar
Johansen, H. C. (1975) Befolkningsudvikling og Familiestruktur i det 18 Arhundrede. Odense, Denmark: Odense University Press.Google Scholar
John, A. M. (1993) Statistical evidence of links between maternal nutrition and post-partum infertility. In Biomedical and Demographic Determinants of Reproduction, ed. Gray, R., Leridon, H. and Spira, A.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 372–82.Google Scholar
John, A. M., Menken, J. A. and Chowdhury, M. A. (1987) The effects of breastfeeding and nutrition on fecundability in rural Bangladesh: A hazards-model analysis. Population Studies, 41, 433–46.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. (1972) Individuality and experimentation in traditional agriculture. Human Ecology, 1, 149–59.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. (1974a) “Carrying capacity” in Machiguenga ecology: Theory and practice. Paper presented at the 73rd annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. (1974b) Ethnoecology and planting practices in a swidden agricultural system. American Ethnologist, 1, 87101.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. (1983) Machiguenga gardens. In Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, ed. Hames, R. B. and Vickers, W. T.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 2963.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. (1989) How the Machiguenga manage resources: Conservation or exploitation of nature? In Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, ed. Posey, D. A. and Balée, W.. New York: New York Botanical Garden, pp. 213–22.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. (2003) Families of the Forest: The Matsigenka Indians of the Peruvian Amazon. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W. and Behrens, C. A. (1982) Nutritional criteria in Machiguenga food production decisions: A linear-programming approach. Human Ecology, 10, 167–89.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. T. (1903) Egyptian Irrigation: A Study of Irrigation Methods and Administration in Egypt. US Department of Agriculture, Office of Experimental Stations, Bulletin No. 130. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Johnston, B. F. (1958) The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Judd, L. C. (1961) Chao Rai Thai: Dry Rice Farmers in Northern Thailand. Bangkok: Suriyaban Publishers.Google Scholar
Kabir, M. (1980) The Demographic Characteristics of Household Populations. World Fertility Survey Comparative Studies, no. 6. The Hague: International Statistical Institute.Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. (2003) Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93, 1449–75.Google Scholar
Kaihura, F. and Stocking, M., eds. (2003) Agricultural Biodiversity in Smallholder Farms of East Africa. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.Google Scholar
Kallan, J. E. and Enneking, E. A. (1992) Seasonal patterns of spontaneous abortion. Journal of Biosocial Sciences, 24, 71–5.Google Scholar
Kalter, H. D., Gray, R. H., Black, R. E. and Gultiano, S. A. (1990) Validation of postmortem interviews to ascertain selected causes of death in children. International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 380–6.Google Scholar
Kampen, J. (1974) Soil and Water Conservation and Management in Farming Systems Research for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Hyderabad: ICRISAT.Google Scholar
Kanitkar, N. V. (1944) Dry Farming in India. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Kaplan, D. (2000) The darker side of the “original affluent society”. Journal of Anthropological Research, 56, 301–24.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H. (1994) Evolutionary and wealth flow theories in fertility: Empirical tests and new models. Population and Development Review, 20, 753–91.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H. (1996) A theory of fertility and parental investment in traditional and modern human societies. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 39, 91135.Google Scholar
Karasov, W. H. and Martínez del Rio, C. (2007) Physiological Ecology: How Animals Process Energy, Nutrients, and Toxins. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kates, R. W., Hyden, G. and Turner, B. L. (1993) Theory, evidence, study design. In Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa, ed. Turner, B. L., Hyden, G. and Kates, R. W.. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, pp. 140.Google Scholar
Kawaguchi, K. and Kyuma, K. (1977) Paddy Soils in Tropical Asia: Their Material Nature and Fertility. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Kay, G. (1964) Chief Kalaba’s Village: A Preliminary Survey of Economic Life in an Ushi Village, Northern Rhodesia. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Keeley, L. H. (1996) War before Civilization. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Keen, C. L., Uriu-Adams, J. Y., Emsimsa, K. and Gershwin, M. E. (2004) Trace elements/minerals and immunity. In Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity, ed. Gershwin, M. E., Nestel, P. and Keen, C. L.. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 117–40.Google Scholar
Keilman, N. (1995) Household concepts and household definitions in western Europe: Different levels but similar trends in household developments. In Household Demography and Household Modeling, ed. van Imhoff, E., Kuijsten, A., Hooimeijer, P. and van Wissen, L.. New York: Plenum Press, pp, 111–35.Google Scholar
Kendal, J. R., Tehrani, J. J. and Odling-Smee, J., eds. (2011) Human Niche Construction. Special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B (Biological Sciences), 366, 784934.Google Scholar
Kende, H., van der Knaap, E. and Cho, H.-T. (1998) Deepwater rice: A model plant to study stem elongation. Plant Physiology, 118, 1105–10.Google Scholar
Kennett, D. J. and Winterhalder, B. (2006) Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kerblay, B. (1966) A. V. Chayanov: Life, career, works. In A. V. Chayanov on the Theory of Peasant Economy, ed. Thorner, D., Kerblay, B. and Smith, R. E. F.. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. xxvlxxv.Google Scholar
Kertzer, D. I. (1986) A life course approach to coresidence. In Family Relations in Life Course Perspective, ed. Kertzer, D. I.. Greenwich, CT: JAI, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Kertzer, D. I. (1991) Household history and sociological theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 17, 155–79.Google Scholar
Kertzer, D. I. and Hogan, D. P. (1991) Reflections on the European marriage pattern: Sharecropping and proletarianization in Casalecchio, Italy, 1861–1921. Journal of Family History, 16, 3145.Google Scholar
Kessler, J. J. (1994) Usefulness of the human carrying capacity concept in assessing environmental sustainability of land-use in semi-arid regions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 48, 273–84.Google Scholar
Keusch, G. T. (1998) Nutrition and immunity: From A to Z. Nutrition Reviews, 56, S3S4.Google Scholar
Keyfitz, N. (1975) How do we know the facts of demography? Population and Development Review, 1, 267–88.Google Scholar
Keyfitz, N. and Flieger, W (1968) World Population: An Analysis of Vital Data. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Keyfitz, N. and Flieger, W. (1990) World Population Growth and Aging: Demographic Trends in the Late Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Keys, A., Brožek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O. and Taylor, H. L. (1950) The Biology of Human Starvation (two volumes). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
King, F. H. (1911) Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan. Madison, WI: Democrat Press.Google Scholar
King, G. (1869) Famine foods of Marwar. Proceedings of the Asia Society of Bengal, 38, 116–22.Google Scholar
King, R. and Burton, S. (1982) Land fragmentation: Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem. Progress in Human Geography, 6, 475–94.Google Scholar
Kirch, P. V. (1994) The Wet and the Dry: Irrigation and Agricultural Intensification in Polynesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Klapisch, C. (1972) Household and family in Tuscany in 1427. In Household and Family in Past Time, ed. Laslett, P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 267–82.Google Scholar
Klapisch, C. and Demonet, M. (1972) ‘A une vino e uno pane’: La famille rurale toscane au début du XVe siècle. Annales Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 27, 873901.Google Scholar
Komatsu, Y., Tsunekawa, A. and Ju, H. (2005) Evaluation of sustainability based on human carrying capacity in drylands: A case study in rural villages in Inner Mongolia, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and the Environment, 108, 2943.Google Scholar
Kosminsky, E. A. (1956) Studies in the Agrarian History of England in the Thirteenth Century, trans. R. Kisch, ed. Hilton, R. H.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kowal, J. M. and Kassam, A. H. (1978) Agricultural Ecology of Savanna: A Study of East Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kramer, F. L. (1966) Breaking Ground: Notes on the Distributions of Some Simple Tillage Tools. Sacramento, CA: Sacramento State College.Google Scholar
Kramer, K. L. (1998) Variation in Children’s Work among Modern Maya Subsistence Agriculturalists. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.Google Scholar
Kramer, K. L. (2005) Maya Children: Helpers at the Farm. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kramer, K. L. and Boone, J. L. (2002) Why intensive agriculturalists have higher fertility: A household energy budget approach. Current Anthropology, 43, 511–17.Google Scholar
Krausmann, F. (2004) Milk, manure, and muscle power: Livestock and the transformation of preindustrial agriculture in central Europe. Human Ecology, 32, 735–72.Google Scholar
Krishna, R. (1969) Models of the family farm. In Subsistence Agriculture and Economic Development, ed. Wharton, C. R.. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 185–90.Google Scholar
Kuchiba, M., Tsubouchi, Y. and Maeda, N., eds. (1979) Three Malay Villages: A Sociology of Paddy Growers in West Malaysia. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Kumar, S. K. (1988) Effect of seasonal food shortage on agricultural production in Zambia. World Development, 16, 1051–63.Google Scholar
Kunstadter, P. (1974) Footnotes on implications of aggregated data used in population simulation. In Computer Simulation in Human Population Studies, ed. Dyke, B. and MacCluer, J. W.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 435–46.Google Scholar
Kunstadter, P., Chapman, E. C. and Sabhasri, S., eds. (1978) Farmers in the Forest: Economic Development and Marginal Agriculture in Northern Thailand. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Kussmaul, A. (1981) Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lafitau, S. F. (1724) Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains, Comparées aux Moeurs des Premiers Temps. Paris: Saugrain et Hochereau.Google Scholar
Lagemann, J. (1977) Traditional African Farming Systems in Eastern Nigeria: An Analysis of Reaction to Increasing Population Pressure. Munich: Weltforum Verlag.Google Scholar
Lam, D. A. and Miron, J. A. (1991) Seasonality of births in human populations. Social Biology, 38, 5178.Google Scholar
Lam, D. A. and Miron, J. A. (1994) Global patterns of seasonal variation in human fertility. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 709, 928.Google Scholar
Lam, D. A. and Miron, J. A. (1996) The effect of temperature on human fertility. Demography, 33, 291306.Google Scholar
Lam, D. A., Miron, J. A. and Riley, A. (1994) Modeling seasonality in fecundability, conceptions, and births. Demography, 31, 321–46.Google Scholar
Lambert, D. H. (1985) Swamp Rice Farming: The Indigenous Pahang Malay Agricultural System. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Lamont, S. R., Eshbaugh, W. H. and Greenberg, A. M. (1999) Species composition, diversity, and use of home gardens among three Amazonian villages. Economic Botany, 53, 312–26.Google Scholar
Landauer, K. and Brazil, M., eds. (1990) Tropical Home Gardens. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.Google Scholar
Lande, R., Engen, S., Sæther, B.-E., et al. (2002) Estimating density dependence from population time series using demographic theory and life history data. The American Naturalist, 159, 321–37.Google Scholar
Lang, A. (2003) Phases of soil erosion-derived colluviation in the loess hills of southern Germany. Catena, 51, 2931.Google Scholar
Langdon, J. (1986) Horses, Oxen and Technological Innovation: The Use of Draught Animals in English Farming from 1066–1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Langer, R. H. M. and Hill, G. D. (1991) Agricultural Plants, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Larcher, W. (2003) Physiological Plant Ecology, 4th edn. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S. (1999) Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Larsson, A. and Larsson, V. (1984) Traditional Tswana Housing: A Study of Four Villages in Eastern Botswana. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1969) Size and structure of the household in England over three centuries. Population Studies, 23, 199223.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1972) Introduction: The history of the family. In Household and Family in Past Time, ed. Laslett, P. and Wall, R.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 189.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1977) Family Life and Illicit Love in Earlier Generations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1983) Family and household as work group and kin group: Areas of traditional Europe compared. In Family Forms in Historic Europe, ed. Wall, R., Robin, J. and Laslett, P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 513–63.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1984) The family as a knot of individual interests. In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group, ed. Netting, R. M., Wilk, R. R. and Arnould, E. J.. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 353–79.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1987) The institution of service. Local Population Studies, 40, 5560.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (1988) Family, kinship and collectivity as systems of support in pre-industrial Europe: A consideration of the ‘nuclear-hardship hypothesis’. Continuity and Change, 3, 153–75.Google Scholar
Laslett, P. (2004) The World We Have Lost: Further Explored, 4th edn. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Laslett, P., Oosterveen, K. and Smith, R. M., eds. (1980) Bastardy and Its Comparative History: Studies in the History of Illegitimacy and Marital Non-conformism in Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, North America, Jamaica and Japan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Laurie, W. and Trant, H. (1952) Dietary survey Ukara. East African Medical Survey Annual Report, 1951. Nairobi: Colonial Office of Health.Google Scholar
Lawrence, D. and Schlesinger, W. H. (2001) Changes in soil phosphorus during 200 years of shifting cultivation in Indonesia. Ecology, 82, 2769–80.Google Scholar
Lawrence, M., Lawrence, F., Cole, T. J., et al. (1989) Seasonal pattern of activity and its nutritional consequence in Gambia. In Seasonal Variability in Third World Agriculture: The Consequences for Food Security, ed. Sahn, D. E.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 4756.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. H. (1973) The energy cost of “food-gathering”. In Resources and Population, ed. Benjamin, B., Cox, P. R. and Peel, J.. London: Academic Press, pp. 5976.Google Scholar
Le Roy Ladurie, E. (1976) The Peasants of Languedoc. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Leach, E. R. (1968) Pul Eliya, A Village in Ceylon: A Study of Land Tenure and Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, C. T., Tuljapurkar, S. and Vitousek, P. M. (2006) Risky business: Temporal and spatial variation in preindustrial dryland agriculture. Human Ecology, 34, 739–63.Google Scholar
Lee, J. Z. and Campbell, C. D. (2005) Living standards in Liaoning, 1749–1909: Evidence from demographic outcomes. In Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe, ed. Allen, R. C., Bengtsson, T. and Dribe, M.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 403–25.Google Scholar
Lee, R. D. (1974) The formal dynamics of controlled populations and the echo, the boom, and the bust. Demography, 11, 563–85.Google Scholar
Lee, R. D. (1986) Malthus and Boserup: A dynamic synthesis. In The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus, ed. Coleman, D. and Schofield, R. S.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 96130.Google Scholar
Lee, R. D. (1987) Population dynamics of humans and other animals. Demography, 24, 443–65.Google Scholar
Lee, R. D. (1988) Induced population growth and induced population progress: Their interaction in the accelerating stage. Mathematical Population Studies, 1, 265–88.Google Scholar
Lee, R. D. (1994) Fertility, mortality and intergenerational transfers: Comparisons across steady states. In The Family, the Market and the State in Ageing Societies, ed. Ermisch, J. and Ogawa, N.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 135–57.Google Scholar
Lee, R. D. and Kramer, K. L. (2002) Children’s economic roles in the Maya family life cycle: Cain, Caldwell, and Chayanov revisited. Population and Development Review, 28, 475–99.Google Scholar
Lehmann, J., Kern, D. C., Glaser, B. and Woods, W. I. (2004) Amazonian Dark Earths: Origins, Properties, Management. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Leibenstein, H. (1957) The theory of underemployment in backward economies. Journal of Political Economy, 65, 91103.Google Scholar
Lele, U. and Stone, S. W. (1987) Population Pressure, the Environment, and Agricultural Intensification: Variations on the Boserup Hypothesis – Managing Agricultural Development in Africa. Washington: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Lerche, G. (1994) Plowing Implements and Tillage Practices in Denmark from the Viking Period to about 1800 – Experimentally Substantiated. Herning, Denmark: Poul Kristensen.Google Scholar
Levine, D. (2001) At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Levine, R. J., Bordson, B. L., Mathew, R. M., et al. (1988) Deterioration of semen quality during summer in New Orleans. Fertility and Sterility, 49, 900–7.Google Scholar
Lewis, H. T. (1971) Ilocano Rice Farmers: A Comparative Study of Two Philippine Barrios. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. V. D. (1981) Domestic labor intensity and the incorporation of Malian peasant farms into localized descent groups. American Ethnologist, 8, 5373.Google Scholar
Littlejohn, G. (1977) Peasant economy and society. In Sociological Theories of the Economy, ed. Hindess, B.. London: Macmillan, pp. 118–56.Google Scholar
Lockett, C. T., Calvert, C. C. and Grivetti, L. E. (2000) Energy and micronutrient composition of dietary and medicinal wild plants consumed during drought: Study of rural Fulani, Northeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 51, 195208.Google Scholar
Lockwood, M. (1998) Fertility and Household Labour in Tanzania: Demography, Economy, and Society in Rufiji District, c. 1870–1986. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Loiske, V.-M. (2004) Institutionalized exchange as a driving force in intensive agriculture: An Iraqw case study. In Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa, ed. Widgren, M. and Sutton, J. E. G.. Oxford: James Currey, pp. 105–13.Google Scholar
Longhurst, R. (1984) The Energy Trap: Work, Nutrition and Child Malnutrition in Northern Nigeria. Ithaca, NY: Program in International Nutrition, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Lopez-Gonzaga, V. (1983) Peasants in the Hills: A Study of the Dynamics of Social Change among the Buhid Swidden Cultivators in the Philippines. Quezon: University of the Philippines Press.Google Scholar
Lozada, M., Lado, A. and Weigandt, M. (2006) Cultural transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge in a rural community of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Economic Botany, 60, 374–85.Google Scholar
Ludwig, H.-D. (1968) Permanent farming on Ukara: The impact of land shortage on husbandry practices. In Smallholder Farming and Smallholder Development in Tanzania: Ten Case Studies, ed. Ruthenberg, H.. Munich: Weltforum Verlag, pp. 87135.Google Scholar
Lumpkin, T. A. and Plucknett, D. L. (1980) Azolla: Botany, physiology, and use as a green manure. Economic Botany, 34, 111–53.Google Scholar
Lunn, P. G. (1991) Nutrition, immunity and infection. In The Decline of Mortality in Europe, ed. Schofield, R. S., Reher, D. and Bideau, A.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–45.Google Scholar
Lutzenheiser, L. and Hackett, B. (1993) Social stratification and environmental destruction: Understanding household CO2 production. Social Problems, 40, 5073.Google Scholar
Lyimo, M. H., Nyagwegwe, S. and Mnkeni, A. P. (1991) Investigations on the effect of traditional food processing, preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients: A case study in Tanzania. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 41, 53–7.Google Scholar
MacDonald, R. B. and Hall, F. G. (1980) Global crop forecasting. Science, 208, 670–8.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, A. (1976) Population and Resources: A Study of the Gurungs of Nepal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Macintyre, M. and Allen, J. (1990) Trading for subsistence: The case from the southern Massim. In Pacific Production Systems: Approaches to Economic Prehistory, ed. Yen, D. E. and Mummery, J. M. J.. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, pp. 120–36.Google Scholar
Maclachlan, M. D. (1983) Why They did not Starve: Biocultural Adaptation in a South Indian Village. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.Google Scholar
McAuliffe, J. R., Sundt, P. C., Valiente-Banuet, A., Casas, A. and Viveros, J. L. (2001) Pre-columbian soil erosion, persistent ecological changes, and collapse of a subsistence agricultural economy in the semi-arid Techuacán Valley, Mexico’s ‘cradle of maize’. Journal of Arid Environments, 47, 4775.Google Scholar
McCann, J. (1987) From Poverty to Famine in Northeast Ethiopia: A Rural History 1900-1935. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. (1976) English open fields as behavior towards risks. Research in Economic History, 1, 124–70.Google Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. (1991) The prudent peasant: New findings on open fields. Journal of Economic History, 51, 343–55.Google Scholar
McCloskey, D. N. and Nash, J. (1984) Corn at interest: The extent and cost of grain storage in medieval England. American Economic Review, 74, 174–87.Google Scholar
McCracken, S. D., Brondizio, E. S., Nelson, D., et al. (1999) Remote sensing and GIS at farm property level: Demography and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 1311–20.Google Scholar
McDade, T. W. (2003) Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 46, 100–25.Google Scholar
McDade, T. W., Reyes-Garcia, V., Blackinton, P., et al. (2007) Ethnobotanical knowledge is associated with indices of child health in the Bolivian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 6134–9.Google Scholar
McDade, T. W., Reyes-Garcia, V., Tanner, S., Huanca, T. and Leonard, W. R. (2008) Maintenance versus growth: Investigating the costs of immune activation among children in lowland Bolivia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 136, 478–84.Google Scholar
McDonald, J. (1998) Production Efficiency in Domesday England, 1086. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
McDonald, J. and Snooks, G. D. (1986) Domesday Economy: A New Approach to Anglo-Norman History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McGough, J. P. (1984) The domestic mode of production and peasant social organization: The Chinese case. In Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic Anthropology, ed. Durrenberger, E. P.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 183201.Google Scholar
McGregor, I. A., Rahman, A. K., Thomson, A. M. and Billewicz, W. Z. (1970) The health of young children in a West African (Gambian) village. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64, 4877.Google Scholar
McIntire, J., Bourzat, D. and Pingali, P. (1992) Crop-Livestock Interaction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: The World Bank.Google Scholar
McKusick, V. A., ed. (1978) Medical Genetic Studies of the Amish. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
McLoughlin, P. R. M., ed. (1970) African Food Production Systems: Cases and Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
McMillan, D. E. (1986) Distribution of resources and products in Mossi households. In Food in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Hansen, A. and McMillan, D. E.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 2673.Google Scholar
McNab, B. K. (2002) The Physiological Ecology of Vertebrates: A View from Energetics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
McNab, B. K. (2012) Extreme Measures: The Ecological Energetics of Birds and Mammals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McNeil, J. R. (1992) The Mountains of the Mediterranean World: An Environmental History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mäckel, R., Schneider, R. and Sidel, J. (2003) Anthropogenic impact on the landscape of Southern Badenia (Germany) during the Holocene – documented by colluvial and alluvial sediments. Archaeometry, 45, 487501.Google Scholar
Maharatna, A. (1996) The Demography of Famines: An Indian Historical Perspective. Bombay: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Makhijani, A. and Poole, A. (1975) Energy and Agriculture in the Third World. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.Google Scholar
Malcolm, D. W. (1953) Sukumaland: An African People and Their Country – A Study of Land Use in Tanganyika. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Malden, W. J. (1891) Tillage. London: George Bell and Sons.Google Scholar
Maloiy, C. M. O., Heglund, N. C., Prager, L. M., Cavagna, G. A. and Taylor, C. R. (1986) Energetic costs of carrying loads: Have African women discovered an economic way? Nature, 319, 668–9.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. (1798) An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it affects the Future Improvement of Society with remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Concordet, and Other Writers. London: J. Johnson.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. (1803) An Essay on the Principle of Population; or, a View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness; with an enquiry into our Prospects respecting the Future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils which it occasions, 2nd edn. London: J. Johnson.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. (1807) An Essay on the Principle of Population; or, a View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness; with an enquiry into our Prospects respecting the Future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils which it occasions, 4th edn. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. (1826) An Essay on the Principle of Population, or A View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness, 6th edn. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. (1830) A Summary View of the Principle of Population. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. (1986 [orig. 1872]) An Essay on the Principle of Population, or a View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness, 7th posthumous edn. Fairfield, NJ: Augustus M. Kelley Publishers.Google Scholar
Manner, H. I. (2008) Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands. Micronesica, 40, 6386.Google Scholar
Marby, J. B., ed. (1996) Canals and Communities: Small-Scale Irrigation Systems. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, J. and Stanish, C., eds. (2006) Agricultural Strategies. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Press.Google Scholar
Marsh, D. R., Sadruddin, S., Fikree, F. F., Krishnan, C. and Darmstadt, G. L. (2003) Validation of verbal autopsy to determine the cause of 137 neonatal deaths in Karachi, Pakistan. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 17, 132–42.Google Scholar
Marten, G. G., ed. (1986) Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Marten, G. G. and Vityakon, P. (1986) Soil management in traditional agriculture. In Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective, ed. Marten, G. G.. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 199225.Google Scholar
Martorell, R., Habicht, J.-P., Yarbrough, C., et al. (1975) Acute morbidity and physical growth in rural Guatemalan children. American Journal of the Diseases of Childhood, 129, 1296–301.Google Scholar
Martorell, R. and Ho, T. J. (1984) Malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. In Child Survival: Strategies for Research, ed. Mosley, W. H. and Chen, L. C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 4968.Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1954 [orig. 1862]) Malthus as an apologist [from Theories of Surplus Value, Volume II]. In Marx and Engels on Malthus: Selections from the writings of Marx and Engels dealing with the theories of Thomas Robert Malthus, ed. Meek, R. L.. New York: International Publishers, pp. 115–25.Google Scholar
Mata, L. (1992) Diarrheal disease as a cause of malnutrition. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 47, 1627.Google Scholar
Mathewson, K. (1984) Irrigation Horticulture in Highland Guatemala: The Tablón System of Panajachel. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Mathieu, J. (2009) History of the Alps 1500–1900: Environment, Development, and Society. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press.Google Scholar
Matley, I. M. (1968) Transhumance in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Geographical Review, 58, 231–61.Google Scholar
Matsuo, T. (1959) Rice Culture in Japan. Tokyo: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1964) Group selection and kin selection. Nature, 201, 1145–7.Google Scholar
Mazoyer, M. and Roudart, L. (2006) A History of World Agriculture: From the Neolithic Age to the Current Crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Mead, W. R. (1953) Farming in Finland. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Meertens, H. C. C., Ndege, L. J. and Enserink, H. J. (1995) Dynamics in Farming Systems: Changes in Time and Space in Sukumaland, Tanzania. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.Google Scholar
Melancon, T. (1982) Marriage and Reproduction among the Yanomamo Indians of Venezuela. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.Google Scholar
Menzel, P. and Mann, C. C. (1994) Material World: A Global Family Portrait. San Francisco: Sierra Club.Google Scholar
Mertz, H. C., ed. (1994) Madagascar: A Country Study. Washington: The Library of Congress (available at http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/10.html).Google Scholar
Mertz, O. (2002) The relationship between length of fallow and crop yields in shifting cultivation: A rethinking. Agroforestry Systems, 55, 149–59.Google Scholar
Metzner, J. K. (1982) Agriculture and Population Pressure in Sikka, Isle of Flores: A Contribution to the Study of the Stability of Agricultural Systems in the Wet and Dry Tropics. Canberra: Australian National University.Google Scholar
Millar, J. R. (1970) A reformulation of A. V. Chayanov’s theory of the peasant economy. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 18, 219–29.Google Scholar
Millat-e Mustafa, M., Hall, J. B. and Teklehaimanot, Z. (1996) Structure and floristics of Bangladesh homegardens. Agroforestry Systems, 33, 263–80.Google Scholar
Miller, E. (1991) Introduction: Land and people. In The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Volume III: 1348–1500, ed. Miller, E.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133.Google Scholar
Miller, J. E. and Huss-Ashmore, R. (1989) Do reproductive patterns affect maternal nutritional status? An analysis of maternal depletion in Lesotho. American Journal of Human Biology, 1, 409–19.Google Scholar
Millington, A. and Jepson, W., eds. (2008) Land-Change Science in the Tropics: Changing Agricultural Landscapes. New York: Springer Scientific.Google Scholar
Minge-Kalman, W. (1977) On the theory and measurement of domestic labor intensity. American Ethnologist, 4, 273–84.Google Scholar
Miracle, M. P. (1967) Agriculture in the Congo Basin: Tradition and Change in African Rural Economies. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. P. and Guillet, D., eds. (1994) Irrigation at High Altitudes: The Social Organization of Water Control Systems in the Andes. Washington: American Anthropological Association.Google Scholar
Mitteraurer, M. and Sider, R. (1979) The developmental process of domestic groups: Problems of reconstruction and possibilities of interpretation. Journal of Family History, 4, 257–84.Google Scholar
Miyagawa, S. (2002) Utilization of plant resources as famine foods in northeast Thailand. Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 46, 136–42.Google Scholar
Mock, D. W. (2004) More than Kin and Less than Kind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Moerman, M. (1968) Agricultural Change and Peasant Choice in a Thai Village. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. and Gráda, C. Ó (1996) Height and health in the United Kingdom 1815–1860: Evidence from the East India Company Army. Explorations in Economic History, 33, 141–68.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. and Gráda, C. Ó (2002) What do people die of during famines? The Great Irish Famine in comparative perspective. European Review of Economic History, 6, 339–64.Google Scholar
Montgomery, D. R. (2007) Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Montgomery, E. and Johnson, A. W. (1977) Machiguenga energy expenditure. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 6, 97105.Google Scholar
Moore, A. M. T., Hillman, G. C. and Legge, A. J. (2000) Village on the Euphrates: From Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morfit, C. (1848) Manures, Their Composition, Preparation, and Action upon Soils. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. H. (1851) League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee or Iroquois. Rochester, NY: Sage and Brothers.Google Scholar
Morgenstern, H. (1982) Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research. American Journal of Public Health, 72, 1336–44.Google Scholar
Morrison, K. (1996) Typological schemes and agricultural change: Beyond Boserup in south India. Current Anthropology, 37, 583608.Google Scholar
Morrison, K. (2006) Intensification as situated process: Landscape history and collapse. In Agricultural Strategies, ed. Marcus, J. and Stanish, C.. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Press, pp. 7191.Google Scholar
Mortimore, M. (1998) Roots in the African Dust: Sustaining the Drylands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mortimore, M. and Adams, W. M. (1999) Working the Sahel: Environment and Society in Northern Nigeria. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mosley, W. H. and Chen, L. C. (1984) An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. In Child Survival: Strategies for Research, ed. Mosley, W. H. and Chen, L. C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 2545.Google Scholar
Mueller, L. D. (1997) Theoretical and empirical examination of density-dependent selection. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28, 269–88.Google Scholar
Muhuri, P. K. (1996 ) Estimating seasonality effects on child mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh. Demography, 33, 98110.Google Scholar
Muller, J. and Almedom, A. M. (2008) What is “famine food”? Distinguishing between traditional vegetables and special foods for times of hunger/scarcity (Boumba, Niger). Human Ecology, 36, 599607.Google Scholar
Murdoch, W. W. (1994) Population regulation in theory and practice. Ecology, 75, 271–85.Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1937) Comparative data on the division of labor by sex. Social Forces, 15, 551–3.Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. and Provost, C. (1973) Factors in the division of labor by sex: A cross-cultural analysis. Ethnology, 12, 203–25.Google Scholar
Murphy, D. J. (2007) People, Plants and Genes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Murtha, T. M. (2009) Land and Labor – Classic Maya Terraced Agriculture: An Investigation of the Settlement Ecology and Intensive Agricultural Landscape of Caracol, Belize. Berlin: V. D. M. Verlag.Google Scholar
Mutsaers, H. J. W. (2007) Peasants, Farmers and Scientists: A Chronicle of Tropical Agricultural Science in the Twentieth Century. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Myers, M. G. (2006) Households and Families of the Longhouse Iroquois at Six Nations Reserve. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Nag, M., White, B. F. and Peet, R. C. (1978) An anthropological approach to the study of the economic value of children in Java and Nepal. Current Anthropology, 19, 293306.Google Scholar
Nagata, M. L. (2005) One of the family: Domestic service in early modern Japan. History of the Family, 10, 355–65.Google Scholar
Naylor, P. E. (1961) Farming organization in central Iraq. Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 29, 1934.Google Scholar
Nazarea-Sandoval, V. D. (1995) Local Knowledge and Agricultural Decision Making in the Philippines. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Neel, J. V. (1972) The genetic structure of a tribal population, I: Introduction. Annals of Human Genetics, 35, 255–9.Google Scholar
Neel, J. V. and Chagnon, N. A. (1968) The demography of two primitive, relatively unacculturated American Indian tribes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 59, 680–9.Google Scholar
Neel, J. V. and Weiss, K. M. (1975) The genetic structure of a tribal population, XII: Biodemographic studies. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 42, 2551.Google Scholar
Nerlove, S. B. (1974) Women’s workload and infant feeding practices: A relationship with demographic implications. Ethnology, 13, 207–14.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1965) Household organization and intensive agriculture: The Kofyar case. Africa, 35 , 422–9.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1968) Hill Farmers of Nigeria: Cultural Ecology of the Kofyar of the Jos Plateau. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1972) Of men and meadows: Strategies of Alpine land use. Anthropology Quarterly, 45, 132–44.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1973) Fighting, forest, and the fly: Some demographic regulators among the Kofyar. Journal of Anthropological Research, 29, 164–79.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1974a) Agrarian ecology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 3, 2156.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1974b) The system nobody knows: Village irrigation in the Swiss Alps. In The Impact of Irrigation on Society, ed. Gibson, M. and Downing, T. E.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 6775.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1976) What Alpine peasants have in common: Observations in communal land tenure in a Swiss village. Human Ecology, 4, 135–46.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1979) Household dynamics in a nineteenth-century Swiss village. Journal of Family History, 4, 3958.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1981) Balancing on an Alp: Ecological Change and Continuity in a Swiss Mountain Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1982) Some home truths on household size and wealth. American Behavioral Scientist, 25, 641–62.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. (1993) Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M., Wilk, R. R. and Arnould, E. J., eds. (1984) Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Newton, J. W. and Cavins, J. F. (1976) Altered nitrogenous pools induced by the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis. Plant Physiology, 58, 798–9.Google Scholar
Nielsen, U., Mertz, O. and Noweg, G. T. (2006) The rationality of shifting cultivation systems: Labor productivity revisited. Human Ecology, 34, 201–18.Google Scholar
Nietschmann, B. (1973) Between Land and Water: The Subsistence Ecology of the Miskito Indians, Eastern Nicaragua. New York: Seminar Press.Google Scholar
Niñez, V. C. (1987) Household gardens: Theoretical and policy considerations. Agricultural Systems, 23, 167–86.Google Scholar
Norgan, N. G., Ferro-Luzzi, A. and Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1974) The energy and nutrient intake and the energy expenditure of 204 New Guinea adults. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London (Series B), 268, 309–48.Google Scholar
Norman, D. W. (1977) Economic rationality of tradition Hausa dryland farmers in the north of Nigeria. In Tradition and Dynamics in Small-Farm Agriculture: Economic Studies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, ed. Stevens, R. D.. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, pp. 6391.Google Scholar
Norman, D. W. and Baker, C. D. (1986) Components of farming systems research, FSR credibility, and experiences in Botswana. In Understanding Africa’s Rural Households and Farming Systems, ed. Moock, J. L.. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 3657.Google Scholar
Norman, M. J. T. (1979) Annual Cropping Systems in the Tropics. Gainesville, FL: University Presses of Florida.Google Scholar
Norman, M. J. T., Pearson, C. J. and Searle, P. G. E. (1995) The Ecology of Tropical Food Crops, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nye, P. H. and Greenland, D. J. (1960) The Soil under Shifting Cultivation. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Nyerges, A. E. (1989) Coppice swidden fallows in tropical deciduous forest: Biological, technological, and sociocultural determinants of secondary forest successions. Human Ecology, 17, 379400.Google Scholar
Nyerges, A. E., ed. (1997) The Ecology of Practice: Studies of Food Crop Production in Sub-Saharan West Africa. Amsterdam: Overseas Publishers Association.Google Scholar
O’Gorman, R., Wilson, D. S. and Sheldon, K. M. (2008) For the good of the group? Exploring group-level evolutionary adaptations using multilevel selection theory. Group Dynamics – Theory, Research, and Practice, 12, 1726.Google Scholar
Gráda, C. Ó (1999) Black ’47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ó Gráda, C. (2009) Famine: A Short History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
O’Hara, S. L., Street-Perrott, F. A. and Burt, T. P. (1993) Accelerated soil erosion around a Mexican highland lake caused by prehispanic agriculture. Nature, 362, 4851.Google Scholar
Odend’hal, S. (1972) Energetics of Indian cattle in their environment. Human Ecology, 1, 322.Google Scholar
Ohtsuka, R. and Suzuki, T. (1990) Population Ecology of Human Survival: Bioecological Studies of the Gidra in Papua New Guinea. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.Google Scholar
Oliver, P. (2003) Dwellings: The Vernacular House World Wide. London: Phaidon Press.Google Scholar
Orlove, B. S. and Godoy, R. (1986) Sectoral fallowing systems in the central Andes. Journal of Ethnobiology, 6, 169204.Google Scholar
Osmani, S. R. (1992) On some controversies in the measurement of undernutrition. In Nutrition and Poverty, ed. Osmani, S. R.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 121–64.Google Scholar
Östberg, W. (2004) The expansion of Marakwet hill-furrow irrigation in the Kerio Valley of Kenya. In Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa: Past and Present, ed. Widgren, M. and Sutton, J. E. G.. Oxford: James Currey, pp. 1948.Google Scholar
Otterbein, K. F. (1970) The developmental cycle of the Andros household: A diachronic analysis. American Anthropologist, 72, 1412–19.Google Scholar
Otterbein, K. F. and Otterbein, C. S. (1977) A stochastic process analysis of the developmental cycle of the Andros household. Ethnology, 16, 415–26.Google Scholar
Overton, M. (1996) Agricultural Revolution in England: The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy 1500–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Padoch, C. (1985) Labor efficiency and intensity of land use in rice production: An example from Kalimantan. Human Ecology, 13, 271–89.Google Scholar
Padoch, C. and de Jong, W. (1991) The house gardens of Santa Rosa: Diversity and variability in an Amazonian agricultural system. Economic Botany, 45, 166–75.Google Scholar
Padoch, C., Harwell, E. and Susanto, A. (1998) Swidden, sawah, and in-between: Agricultural transformation in Borneo. Human Ecology, 26, 320.Google Scholar
Pals, J. P. and Wijngaarden-Bakker, L. V., eds. (1998) Special issue on seasonality. Environmental Archaeology, 3, 1128.Google Scholar
Palte, J. G. L. (1989) Upland Farming on Java, Indonesia: A Socio-Economic Study of Upland Agriculture and Subsistence under Population Pressure. Utrecht: Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Utrecht.Google Scholar
Panter-Brick, C. (1992) The energy costs of common tasks in rural Nepal: Levels of energy expenditure compatible with sustained physical activity. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 64, 447–84.Google Scholar
Panter-Brick, C. (1996a) Physical activity, energy stores, and seasonal energy balance among men and women in Nepali households. American Journal of Human Biology, 8, 263–74.Google Scholar
Panter-Brick, C. (1996b) Season and sex variation in physical activity levels among agro-pastoralists in Nepal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 100, 721.Google Scholar
Panter-Brick, C. and Eggerman, M. (1997) Household responses to food shortages in Western Nepal. Human Organization, 56, 190–8.Google Scholar
Pasquet, P. and Koppert, G. J. A. (1993) Activity patterns and energy expenditure in Cameroonian tropical forest populations. In Tropical Forests, People and Food: Biocultural Interactions and Applications to Development, ed. Hladik, C. M., Hladik, A., Linares, O. F., et al. Paris: UNESCO Press, pp. 311–20.Google Scholar
Pasternack, B., Ember, C. R. and Ember, M. (1976) On the conditions favoring extended family households. Journal of Anthropological Research, 35, 109–24.Google Scholar
Patnaik, U. (1979) Neo-populism and Marxism: The Chayanovian view of the agrarian question and its fundamental fallacy. Journal of Peasant Studies, 6, 375420.Google Scholar
Payne, P. (1989) Public health and functional consequences of seasonal hunger and malnutrition. In Seasonal Variability in Third World Agriculture: The Consequences for Food Security, ed. Sahn, D. E.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1946.Google Scholar
Payton, F. V., Rhue, R. D. and Hensel, D. R. (1989) Mitserlich–Bray equation used to correlate soil phosphorus and potato yields. Agronomic Journal, 81, 571–6.Google Scholar
Pearl, R. (1925) The Biology of Population Growth. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Pearl, R. (1927) The growth of populations. Quarterly Review of Biology, 2, 532–48.Google Scholar
Pearl, R. and Reed, L. J. (1920) On the rate of growth of the population of the U.S.A. since 1790, and its mathematical representation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6, 275–88.Google Scholar
Pearl, R., Reed, L. J. and Kish, J. F. (1940) The logistic curve and the census count of 1940. Science, 92, 486–8.Google Scholar
Pebley, A. R., Huffman, S. L., Chowdhury, A. K. M. A. and Stupp, P. W. (1985) Intra-uterine mortality and maternal nutritional status in rural Bangladesh. Population Studies, 39, 425–40.Google Scholar
Pelletier, D. L., Frongillo, E. A. and Habicht, J.-P. (1993) Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 1130–3.Google Scholar
Pelletier, D. L., Frongillo, E. A., Schroeder, D. G. and Habicht, J.-P. (1995) The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73, 443–8.Google Scholar
Pelzer, K. J. (1945) Pioneer Settlement in the Asiatic Tropics: Studies in Land Utilization and Agricultural Colonization in Southeastern Asia. New York: American Geographical Society.Google Scholar
Pennington, C. W. (1963) The Tarahumar of Mexico: Their Environment and Material Culture. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Pennington, C. W. (1980) The Material Culture of the Pima Bajo of Central Sonora, Mexico, Volume 1. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Perales, H. R., Brush, S. B. and Qualset, C. O. (2003a) Landraces of maize in Central Mexico: An altitudinal transect. Economic Botany, 57, 720.Google Scholar
Perales, H. R., Brush, S. B. and Qualset, C. O. (2003b) Dynamic management of maize landraces in Central Mexico. Economic Botany, 57, 2134.Google Scholar
Pereira, H. C. (1973) Land Use and Water Resources in Temperate and Tropical Climates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Perz, S. G. (2001) Household demographic factors as life cycle determinants of land use in the Amazon. Population Research and Policy Review, 20, 159–86.Google Scholar
Perz, S. G. (2002) Household demography and land use allocation among small farms in the Brazilian Amazon. Human Ecology Review, 9, 116.Google Scholar
Perz, S. G., Walker, R. T. and Caldas, M. M. (2006) Beyond population and environment: Household demographic life cycles and land use allocation among small farms in the Amazon. Human Ecology, 34, 829–49.Google Scholar
Pestalozzi, H. (2000) Sectoral fallow systems and the management of soil fertility: The rationality of indigenous knowledge in the high Andes of Bolivia. Mountain Research and Development, 20, 6471.Google Scholar
Petersen, W., ed. (1972) Readings in Population. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Petersen, W. (1979) Malthus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Phillips, P. G. (1954) The metabolic cost of common West African agricultural activities. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 57, 1220.Google Scholar
Phillips-Howard, K. D. and Lyon, F. (1994) Agricultural intensification and the threat to soil fertility in Africa: Evidence from the Jos Plateau. The Geographical Journal, 160, 252–65.Google Scholar
Pichón, F. J. (1996) Land-use strategies in the Amazon Frontier: Farm-level evidence from Ecuador. Human Organization, 55, 416–24.Google Scholar
Pielou, E. C. (1977) An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology, 2nd edn. New York: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Pierce, J. E. (1964) Life in a Turkish Village. New York: Holt, Rinehart.Google Scholar
Ping, A. K. (1978) A Geographical and Socio-Economic Study of the Paddy Cultivation in Sekinchang, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Singapore: Department of Geography, Nanyang University.Google Scholar
Pingali, P., Bigot, Y. and Binswanger, H. P. (1987) Agricultural Mechanization and the Evolution of Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pitkänen, K. J. (1993) Deprivation and Disease: Mortality during the Great Finnish Famine of the 1860s. Helsinki: The Finnish Demographic Society.Google Scholar
Pitkänen, K. J. (2002) Famine mortality in nineteenth-century Finland: Is there a sex bias? In Famine Demography: Perspectives from the Past and Present, ed. Dyson, T. and Ó Gráda, C.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 6492.Google Scholar
Plakans, A. and Wetherell, C. (2005) The Hajnal line and eastern Europe. In Marriage and the Family in Eurasia: Perspectives on the Hajnal Hypothesis, ed. Engelen, T. and Wolf, A. P.. Amsterdam: Aksant Publishers, pp. 105–26.Google Scholar
Plaster, E. J. (2003) Soil Science and Management, 4th edn. Clifton Park, NJ: Thomson.Google Scholar
Poos, L. R. (1991) A Rural Society after the Black Death: Essex 1350–1525. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Popkin, B. A. (2008) The nutrition transition and its relationship to demographic change. In Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries, 2nd edn, ed. Semba, R. D. and Bloem, M. W.. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, pp. 601–16.Google Scholar
Posey, D. A. (2002) Kayapó Ethnoecology and Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Posey, D. A. and Balée, W., eds. (1989) Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies. New York: New York Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
Pospisil, L. (1963) Kapauku Papuan Economy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Pospisil, L. (1995) Obernberg: A Quantitative Analysis of a Tirolean Peasant Economy. New Haven, CT: Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. (1998) Nitrogen Fixation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P. and Guillot, M. (2000) Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Preston, S. H., Keyfitz, N. and Schoen, R. (1972) Causes of Death: Life Tables for National Populations. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Proctor, D. L., ed. (1994) Grain Storage Techniques: Evolution and Trends in Developing Countries. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. L. (1982) An international perspective on land scattering. Explorations in Economic History, 19, 296320.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. L. (1985) The invention of the plow. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 27, 727–43.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. L. and Maurer, S. T. (1982) On induced economic change in precapitalist economies. Journal of Development Economics, 10, 325–53.Google Scholar
Purcal, J. T. (1971) Rice Economy: A Case Study of Four Villages in West Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.Google Scholar
Raghavan, D., ed. (1960) Indigenous Agricultural Implements of India: An All-India Survey. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Rahman, M., Sultana, R., Ahmed, G., et al. (2007) Prevalence of G2P[4] and G12P[6] rotavirus, Bangladesh. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13, 1824.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, P. S. (1992) Shifting Agriculture and Sustainable Development: An Interdisciplinary Study from North-Eastern India. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, P. S. and Toky, O. P. (1981) Soil nutrient status of hill agro-ecosystems and recovery pattern after slash and burn agriculture (jhum) in north-eastern India. Plant Soil, 60, 341–61.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, U., Webb, A. L. and Ologoudou, K. (2004) Infection, immunity, and vitamins. In Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity, ed. Gershwin, M. E., Nestel, P. and Keen, C. L.. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 93115.Google Scholar
Randhawa, M. S., Mitra, A. and Hehta, G. (1964) Farmers of India, Volume III: Assam, Orissa, West Bengal, Andamans and Nicobars, Manipur, Nefa, Tripura. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Randhawa, M. S. and Nath, P. (1959) Farmers of India, Volume I: Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Randhawa, M. S., Nath, V., Vaidya, S., et al. (1968) Farmers of India, Volume IV: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Randhawa, M. S., Sivaraman, M. S., Naidu, I. J. and Vaidya, S. (1961) Farmers of India, Volume II: Madras, Andhra Pradesh, Mysore and Kerala. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Rappaport, R. A. (1967) Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F. and Eichorn, S. E. (1999) Biology of Plants, 6th edn. New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Redfield, R. and Villa Rojas, A. (1934) Chan Kom: A Maya Village. Washington: Carnegie Institution.Google Scholar
Redman, C. (1999) Human Impact on Ancient Environments. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Rees, W. G. (2004) Least-cost paths in mountainous terrain. Computers and Geosciences, 30, 203–9.Google Scholar
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. and Reichel-Dolmatoff, A. (1961) The People of Aritama: The Cultural Personality of a Colombian Mestizo Village. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Reichman, O. J. and Atchison, S. (1981) Mammal trails on mountain slopes: Optimal paths in relation to slope angle and body weight. The American Naturalist, 117, 416–20.Google Scholar
Reij, C., Scoones, I. and Toulmin, C., eds. (1996) Sustaining the Soil: Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation in Africa. London: EarthScan.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. D. (1973) Analysis of some factors affecting rice yield response. In Water Management in Philippine Irrigation Systems. Los Bano, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, pp. 3752.Google Scholar
Reyna, S. P. (1976) The extending strategy: Regulation of household dependency ratio. Journal of Anthropological Research, 32, 182–98.Google Scholar
Rhoades, R. E. and Bedegaray, P. (1987) The Farmers of Yurimaguas: Land Use and Coping Strategies in the Peruvian Jungle. Lima: The International Potato Center.Google Scholar
Rice, E., Smale, M. and Blanco, L.-L. (1998) Farmer’s use of improved seed selection practices in Mexican maize: Evidence and issues from the Sierra de Santa Marta. World Development, 26, 1625–40.Google Scholar
Richards, A. I. (1939) Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia: An Economic Study of the Bemba Tribe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Richards, P. (1985) Indigenous Agricultural Revolution: Ecology and Food Production in West Africa. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Richards, P. (1986) Coping with Hunger: Hazard and Experiment in an African Rice-Farming System. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Richards, P. (1995) The versatility of the poor: Wetland rice farming systems in Sierra Leone. Geoforum, 35, 197203.Google Scholar
Richards, P. W. (1952) The Tropical Rain Forest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Richerson, P. J. and Boyd, R. (1998) Homage to Malthus, Ricardo, and Boserup: Toward a general theory of population, economic growth, environmental degradation, wealth, and poverty. Human Ecology Review, 4, 83–8.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. K. (1996) Landscapes of Settlement. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Robinson, W. and Schutjer, W. (1984) Agricultural development and demographic change: A generalization of the Boserup model. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32, 355–66.Google Scholar
Robson, J. R. K. and Wadsworth, G. R. (1977) The health and nutritional status of primitive populations. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 6, 187202.Google Scholar
Rodahl, K. (1989) The Physiology of Work. London: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Roder, W., Phengchanh, S. and Keoboulapha, B. (1995) Relationships between soil, fallow period, weeds and rice yield in slash-and-burn systems of Laos. Plant Soil, 176, 2736.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. and Birdzell, L. E. (1986) How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Rowley-Conwy, P. (1981) Shifting cultivation in the temperate European Neolithic. In Farming Practice in British Prehistory, ed. Mercer, R.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 8596.Google Scholar
Ruddle, K. (1974) The Yukpa Cultivation System: A Study of Shifting Cultivation in Colombia and Venezuela. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ruddle, K. and Zhong, G. (1988) Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture in South China: The Dike-Pond System of the Zhujiang Delta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruggles, S. (1990) Family demography and family history: Problems and prospects. Historical Methods, 23, 2230.Google Scholar
Ruggles, S. (2009) Reconsidering the northwest European family system: Living arrangements of the aged in comparative historical perspective. Population and Development Review, 35, 249–73.Google Scholar
Russell, H. S. (1976) A Long, Deep Furrow: Three Centuries of Farming in New England. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.Google Scholar
Ruthenberg, H. (1971) Farming Systems in the Tropics, 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Rutman, D. B. (1967) Husbandmen of Plymouth: Farms and Villages in the Old Colony, 1620–1692. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Saccheri, I. and Hanski, I. (2006) Natural selection and population dynamics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21, 341–7.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. (1962) Moala: Culture and Nature on a Fijian Island. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. (1971) The intensity of domestic production in primitive societies: Social inflections of the Chayanov slope. In Studies in Economic Anthropology No. 7, ed. Dalton, G.. Washington: American Anthropological Association, pp. 3051.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. (1972) Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Saito, O. (1998) Two kinds of stem-family system? Traditional Japan and Europe compared. Continuity and Change, 13, 167–86.Google Scholar
Saito, O. (2000) Marriage, family labor and the stem-family household: Traditional Japan in a comparative perspective. Continuity and Change, 15, 1745.Google Scholar
Salick, J. (1989) Ecological basis of Amuesha agriculture, Peruvian upper Amazon. Advances in Economic Botany, 7, 189212.Google Scholar
Salick, J., Cellinese, N. and Knapp, S. (1997) Indigenous diversity of cassava: Generation, maintenance, use and loss among the Amuesha, Peruvian Upper Amazon. Economic Botany, 51, 619.Google Scholar
Salvendy, G. (1972) Physiological and psychological aspects of paced and unpaced performance. Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 42, 267–75.Google Scholar
Sambatti, J. B. M., Martins, P. S. and Ando, A. (2001) Folk taxonomy and evolutionary dynamics of cassava: A case study in Ubatuba, Brazil. Economic Botany, 55, 93105.Google Scholar
Samuelson, P. A. (1972) The Collected Scientific Papers of Paul Samuelson, vol. 3. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. A. (1976) Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. New York: Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Sarmela, M. (1987) Swidden cultivation in Finland as a cultural system. Suomen Antropologi, 4, 136.Google Scholar
Sasaki, Y. and Box, P. (2003) Agent-based verification of von Thünen’s location theory. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 6 (http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/6/2/9.html).Google Scholar
Scheer, S. J. and McNeely, A. J., eds. (2007) Farming with Nature: The Science and Practice of Ecoagriculture. Washington: Island Press.Google Scholar
Schjellerup, I. (1985) Observations on ridged fields and terracing systems in the northern highlands of Peru. Tools and Tillage, 5, 100–21.Google Scholar
Schjellerup, I., Quipuscoa, V., Espinoza, C., Peña, V. and Sørensen, M. K. (2005) The Chilcos Valley Revisited: Life Conditions in the Ceja de Selva, Peru. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark.Google Scholar
Schjellerup, I., Sørensen, M. K., Espinoza, C., Quipuscoa, V. and Peña, V. (2003) The Forgotten Valleys: Past and Present in the Utilization of Resources in the Ceja de Selva, Peru. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark.Google Scholar
Schlegel, S. A. (1979) Tiruray Subsistence: From Shifting Cultivation to Plow Agriculture. Quezon City, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, J. (1995) From Upland to Irrigated Rice: The Development of Wet-Rice Agriculture in Rejang Musi, Southwest-Sumatra. Berlin: D. Reimer Verlag.Google Scholar
Schofield, S. (1974) Seasonal factors affecting nutrition in different age groups and especially preschool children. Journal of Development Studies, 2, 2240.Google Scholar
Schreiber, K. and Rojas, J. L. (2003) Irrigation and Society in the Peruvian Desert: The Puquios of Nasca. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Schroeder, D. G. (2008) Malnutrition. In Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries, 2nd edn, ed. Semba, R. D. and Bloem, M. W.. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, pp. 341–76.Google Scholar
Schroeder, D. G. and Brown, K. H. (1994) Nutritional status as a predictor of child survival: Summarizing the association and quantifying it global impact. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 72, 569–79.Google Scholar
Schultz, T. (1964) Transforming Traditional Agriculture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Schutz, Y., Lechtig, A. and Bradfield, R. B. (1980) Energy expenditure and food intakes of lactating women in Guatemala. American Journal of Nutrition, 33, 892902.Google Scholar
Schwerdtfeger, F. W. (1982) Traditional Housing in African Cities: A Comparative Study of Houses in Zaria, Ibadan, and Marrakech. Chichester: Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Scott, S. and Duncan, C. J. (1999) Characteristics of population cycles in preindustrial England. Local Population History, 62, 70–6.Google Scholar
Scott, S. and Duncan, C. J. (2002) Demography and Nutrition: Evidence from Historical and Contemporary Populations. Oxford: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (1981) Significance of the interaction of nutrition and infection in children. In Textbook of Pediatric Nutrition, ed. Suskind, R. M.. New York: Raven Press, pp. 229–40.Google Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (1983a) Functional consequences of malnutrition for human populations: A comment. In Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Patterns on Society, ed. Rotberg, R. I. and Rabb, T. K.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 211–13.Google Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (1983b) The value of contemporary food and nutrition studies for historians. In Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Patterns on Society, ed. Rotberg, R. I. and Rabb, T. K.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 331–6.Google Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (2000) Infection and nutrition: Synergistic interactions. In The Cambridge World History of Food, ed. Kiple, K. F. and Ornelas, K. C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1397–411.Google Scholar
Scudder, T. (1962) The Ecology of the Gwembe Tonga. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Seavoy, R. E. (1973) The transition to continuous rice cultivation in Kalimantan. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 63, 218–25.Google Scholar
Seiver, D. A. (1985) Trends and variation in the seasonality of U.S. fertility. Demography, 22, 89100.Google Scholar
Seiver, D. A. (1989) Seasonality of fertility: New evidence. Population and Environment, 10, 245–57.Google Scholar
Seligman, C. (1910) The Melanesians of British New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sempers, F. W. (1899) Manures: How to Make and Use Them. Philadelphia: W. Atlee Burpee and Co.Google Scholar
Sen, A. (1981) Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sena, L. P., Vanderjagt, D. J., Rivera, C., et al. (1998) Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 52, 1730.Google Scholar
Sereni, E. (1997) History of the Italian Agricultural Landscape. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Serpenti, L. M. (1965) Cultivators in the Swamps: Social Structure and Horticulture in a New Guinea Society (Frederik-Hendrik Island West New Guinea). Assens, the Netherlands: Van Gorcum.Google Scholar
Shack, W. A. (1966) The Gurage: A People of the Ensete Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shanin, T. (1986) Chayanov’s message: Illuminations, miscomprehensions, and the contemporary “development” theory. In A. V. Chayanov on the Theory of Peasant Economy (new edition), ed. Thorner, D., Kerblay, B. and Smith, R. E. F.. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 124.Google Scholar
Shanin, T. (2009) Chayanov’s treble death and tenuous resurrection: An essay about understanding, about roots of plausibility and about rural Russia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36, 83101.Google Scholar
Sharp, L. and Hanks, L. M. (1978) Bang Chan: Social History of a Rural Community in Thailand. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Sharp, L., Hauck, H. Z., Janlekha, K. and Textor, R. B. (1953) Siamese Rice Village: A Preliminary Study of Bang Chan 1948–1949. Bangkok: Cornell Research Center.Google Scholar
Shell-Duncan, B. and Wood, J. W. (1997) The evaluation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness and nutritional status as predictors of gastro-intestinal and acute respiratory infection: A prospective field study among traditional nomadic Kenyan children. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 43, 532.Google Scholar
Shiel, R. S. (1991) Improving soil productivity in the pre-fertiliser era. In Land, Labour and Livestock: Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity, ed. Campbell, B. M. S. and Overton, M.. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 5177.Google Scholar
Shigeta, M. (1990) Folk in-situ conservation of ensete (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) E.E. Cheesman): Towards the interpretation of indigenous agricultural science of the Ari, southwestern Ethiopia. African Study Monographs, 10, 93107.Google Scholar
Short, R. V. (1976) The evolution of human reproduction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (series B), 196, 324.Google Scholar
Shrimpton, R., Victora, C. G., de Onis, M., et al. (2001) Worldwide timing of growth faltering: Implications for nutritional intervention. Pediatrics, 107, 17.Google Scholar
Sibly, R. M. and Calow, P. (1986) Physiological Ecology of Animals: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Sibly, R. M. and Hone, J. (2003) Population growth rate and its determinants: An overview. In Wildlife Population Growth Rates, ed. Sibly, R. M., Hone, J. and Clutton-Brock, T. H.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1140.Google Scholar
Siegel, J. S. and Swanson, D. A., eds. (2004) The Methods and Materials of Demography, 2nd edn. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Siemens, A. H. (1983) Wetland agriculture in pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. Geographical Review, 73, 166–81.Google Scholar
Sigaut, F. (1988) A method for identifying grain storage techniques and its application for European agricultural history. Tools and Tillage, 6, 332.Google Scholar
Sigaut, F. (1989) Storage and threshing in pre-industrial Europe: Additional notes. Tools and Tillage, 6, 119–24.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, P. (1979) Give and Take: Exchange in Wola Society. Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, P. (1983) Roots of the Earth: Crops in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Kensington, Australia: New South Wales University Press.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, P. (1996) A Place Against Time: Land and Environment in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. Amsterdam: Harwood.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, P. (1998) It’s all in the mound: Fertility management under stationary shifting cultivation in the Papua New Guinea highlands. Mountain Research and Development, 18, 123–34.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, P. (2010) From Land to Mouth: The Agricultural “Economy” of the Wola of the New Guinea Highlands. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, P., Stewart, P. J. and Strathern, A. (2002) Horticulture in Papua New Guinea: Case Studies from the Southern and Western Highlands. Ethnology Monographs, No. 18. Pittsburgh: Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Silva-Fosberg, M. C. and Fearnside, P. M. (1997) Brazilian Amazonian caboclo agriculture: Effect of fallow period on maize yield. Forest Ecology and Management, 97, 324.Google Scholar
Simmons, I. G. (1987) Transformation of the land in pre-industrial time. In Land Transformation in Agriculture, ed. Wolman, M. G. and Fournier, F. G. A.. New York: Wiley and Sons, pp. 4577.Google Scholar
Simon, H. (1957) Models of Man. New York: Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Simondon, K. B., Bénéfice, E., Simondon, F., Delaunay, V. and Chahzazarian, A. (1993) Seasonal variation in nutritional status of adults and children in rural Senegal. In Seasonality and Human Ecology, ed. Ulijaszek, S. and Strickland, S. S.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 166–83.Google Scholar
Sinclair, T. R. and Gardner, F. P. (1998) Environmental limits to plant production. In Principles of Ecology in Plant Production, ed. Sinclair, T. R. and Gardner, F. P.. New York: CAB International, pp. 6378.Google Scholar
Sirén, A. H. (2007) Population growth and land use intensification in a subsistence-based community in the Amazon. Human Ecology, 35, 669–80.Google Scholar
Skjønsberg, E. (1989) Change in an African Village. Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Slicher van Bath, B. H. (1963a) Yield Ratios, 810–1820. Wageningen: Afdeling Agrarische Geschiedenis, Landbouwhogeschool.Google Scholar
Slicher van Bath, B. H. (1963b) The Agrarian History of Western Europe A.D. 500–1850. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Slobodkin, L. B. (1954) Population dynamics in Daphnia obtusa Kurz. Ecological Monographs, 24, 6988.Google Scholar
Smil, V. (2001) Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, A. E. (1979) Chayanov, Sahlins, and the labor-consumer balance. Journal of Anthropological Research, 35, 477–80.Google Scholar
Smith, E. A. (1979) Human adaptation and energy efficiency. Human Ecology, 7, 5374.Google Scholar
Smith, J. M. B. (1977) Man’s impact upon some New Guinea mountain ecosystems. In Subsistence and Survival: Rural Ecology in the Pacific, ed. Bayliss-Smith, T. P. and Feachem, R. G.. London: Academic Press, pp. 185214.Google Scholar
Smith, M. G. (1982) Foreword. In Schwerdtfeger, F. W., Traditional Housing in African Cities: A Comparative Study of Houses in Zaria, Ibadan, and Marrakech. Chichester: Wiley and Sons, pp. xixvii.Google Scholar
Smith, R., ed. (2002) Ecological Survey of Zambia: The Traverse Records of C.G. Trapnell 1932–43. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Smith, R. E. F. (1977) Peasant Farming in Muscovy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, R. M. (1984) Families and their land in an area of partible inheritance: Redgrave, Suffolk 1260-1320. In Land, Kinship and Life-Cycle, ed. Smith, R. M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–96.Google Scholar
Smith, R. M. (1999) Relative prices, forms of agrarian labour and female marriage pattern in England, 1350–1800. In Marriage and Rural Economy: Western Europe since 1400, ed. Devos, I. and Kennedy, L.. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, pp. 1948.Google Scholar
Smith, T. C. (1959) The Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, T. C. (1977) Nakahara: Family Farming and Population in a Japanese Village, 1717–1863. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, T. L. (1959) Fragmentation in agricultural holdings in Spain. Rural Sociology, 24, 140–9.Google Scholar
Smole, W. J. (1976) The Yanoama Indians: A Cultural Geography. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, J. J. (2012) Human energetics. In Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective, ed. Stinson, S., Bogin, B. and O’Rourke, D.. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 325–84.Google Scholar
Snow, B. and Marsh, K. (1992) How useful are verbal autopsies to estimate childhood causes of death? Health Policy Planning, 7, 22–9.Google Scholar
Snyder, K. A. (1996) Agrarian change and land-use strategies among Iraqw farmers in northern Tanzania. Human Ecology, 24, 315–40.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1994) Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 585654.Google Scholar
Soldi, A. M. (1982) La Agricultura Tradicional en Hoyas. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru.Google Scholar
Soleri, D. and Cleveland, D. A. (2001) Farmers’ genetic perceptions regarding their crop populations: An example with maize in the central valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. Economic Botany, 55, 106–28.Google Scholar
Soltow, L. (1990) The distribution of private wealth in land in Scotland and Scandinavia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In Scotland and Scandinavia 800–1800, ed. Simpson, G. G.. Edinburgh: John Donald, pp. 130–47.Google Scholar
Sommer, A. and Loewenstein, M. S. (1975) Nutritional status and mortality. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28, 287–92.Google Scholar
Sparks, C. S., Wood, J. W. and Johnson, P. L. (2013) Infant mortality and intra-household competition in the northern islands of Orkney, Scotland, 1855–2001. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 151, 191201.Google Scholar
Sparrow, W. A., Hughes, K. M., Russell, A. P. and Le Rossignol, P. F. (2000) Movement economy, preferred modes, and pacing. In Energetics of Human Activity, ed. Sparrow, W. A.. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 96123.Google Scholar
Spurr, G. B. (1984) Physical activity, nutritional status, and physical work capacity in relation to agricultural activity. In Energy Intake and Activity, ed. Pollitt, E. and Amante, P.. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 207–61.Google Scholar
Spurr, G. B. (1988) Marginal malnutrition in childhood: Implications for adult work capacity and productivity. In Capacity for Work in the Tropics, ed. Collin, K. J. and Roberts, D. F.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–40.Google Scholar
Stanhill, G. (1976) Trends and deviations in the yield of the English wheat crop during the last 750 years. Agroecosystems, 3, 110.Google Scholar
Stauder, J. (1971) The Majangir: Ecology and Society of a Southwest Ethiopian People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H. and Rose, J. C. (2002) The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stecklov, G. (1999) Estimating the economic returns to childbearing in Côte d’Ivoire. Population Studies, 53, 117.Google Scholar
Steensberg, A. (1980) New Guinea Gardens: A Study of Husbandry with Parallels in Prehistoric Europe. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Steensberg, A. (1993) Fire-Clearance Husbandry: Traditional Techniques throughout the World. Herning, Denmark: Poul Kristensen.Google Scholar
Stein, Z. and Susser, M. (1975) Fertility, fecundity, famine: Food rations in the Dutch famine 1944/5 have a causal relation to fertility, and probably to fecundity. Human Biology, 47, 131–54.Google Scholar
Stelly, M., ed. (1976) Multiple Cropping. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Stevens, S. F. (1993) Claiming the High Ground: Sherpas, Subsistence, and Environmental Change in the Highest Himalayas. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Stocks, A. (1983) Candoshi and Cocamilla swiddens in eastern Peru. Human Ecology, 11, 6984.Google Scholar
Stone, G. D. (1996) Settlement Ecology: The Social and Spatial Organization of Kofyar Agriculture. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Stone, G. D. (2001) Theory of the square chicken: Advances in agricultural intensification theory. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 42, 163–80.Google Scholar
Stone, G. D., Netting, R.M. and Stone, M. P. (1990) Seasonality, labor scheduling and agricultural intensification in the Nigerian savanna. American Anthropologist, 92, 723.Google Scholar
Stone, M. P., Stone, G. D. and Netting, R. M. (1995) The sexual division of labor in Kofyar agriculture. American Ethnologist, 22, 165–86.Google Scholar
Stout, B. A., Myers, C. A., Hurrand, A. and Faidley, L. W. (1979) Energy for World Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Strathern, A. J. (1975) The Rope of Moka: Big-men and Ceremonial Exchange in Mount Hagen, New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Street, J. M. (1969) An evaluation of the concept of carrying capacity. The Professional Geographer, 21, 104–7.Google Scholar
Strømgaard, P. (1985) The infield outfield system of shifting cultivation among the Bemba of South Central Africa. Tools and Tillage, 5, 6784.Google Scholar
Strømgaard, P. (1988) The grassland mound-system of the Aisa-Mambwe of Zambia. Tools and Tillage, 6, 3346.Google Scholar
Strømgaard, P. (1992) Immediate and long-term effects of fire and ash fertilization on a Zambian miombo woodland soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 41, 1937.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Y. and Ohsawa, H. (1982) Population dynamics of Japanese monkeys with special reference to the effect of artificial feeding. Folia Primatologica, 39, 238–63.Google Scholar
Sukhatme, R. V. and Margen, S. (1978) Models for protein deficiency. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 1237–56.Google Scholar
Sukhatme, R. V. and Margen, S. (1982) Autoregulatory homeostatic nature of energy balance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 35, 355–65.Google Scholar
Swamy, P. S. and Ramakrishnan, P. S. (1988) Nutrient budget under slash and burn agriculture (jhum) with different weeding regimes in north-eastern India. Acta Oecologica, 9, 85102.Google Scholar
Szott, L. T., Pal, C. A. and Buresh, R. J. (1999) Ecosystem fertility and fallow function in the humid and subhumid tropics. Agroforestry Systems, 47, 163–96.Google Scholar
Takahashi, A. (1969) Land and Peasants in Central Luzon: Socio-Economic Structure of a Bulacan Village. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies.Google Scholar
Tannenbaum, N. (1984) The misuse of Chayanov: Chayanov’s rule and empiricist bias in anthropology. American Anthropologist, 86, 924–42.Google Scholar
Tanner, J. M. (1963) The regulation of human growth. Child Development, 34, 817–47.Google Scholar
Tanner, J. M. (1986) Growth as a target-seeking function: Catch up and catch down growth in man. In Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise (Volume II), ed. Falkner, F. T. and Tanner, J. M.. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 167–79.Google Scholar
Tax, S. (1953) Penny Capitalism: A Guatemalan Indian Economy. Washington: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. C. (1981) The Economics of Malaysian Paddy Production and Irrigation. Bangkok: The Agricultural Development Council.Google Scholar
Terao, A. and Tanaka, T. (1928) Influence of temperature upon the rate of reproduction in the water-flea Moina macropa Strauss. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (Japan), 4, 553–5.Google Scholar
Tesfaye, T., Getachew, B. and Worede, M. (1991) Morphological diversity in tetraploid wheat landrace populations from the central highlands of Ethiopia. Hereditas, 114, 171–6.Google Scholar
Teshome, A., Fahrig, L., Torrance, J. K., et al. (1999a) Maintenance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, Poaceae) landrace diversity by farmers’ selection in Ethiopia. Economic Botany, 53, 7988.Google Scholar
Teshome, A., Torrance, J. K., Baum, B., et al. (1999b) Traditional farmers’ knowledge of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [Poaceae]) landrace storability in Ethiopia. Economic Botany, 53, 6978.Google Scholar
Thirsk, J. (1957) English Peasant Farming: The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Thom, D. J. and Wells, J. C. (1987) Farming systems in the Niger inland delta, Mali. Geographical Review, 77, 328–42.Google Scholar
Thomas, D. (1990) Intra-household resources allocation: An inferential approach. Journal of Human Resources, 25, 635–64.Google Scholar
Thurston, T. L. and Fisher, C. T., eds. (2007) Seeking a Richer Harvest: The Archaeology of Subsistence Intensification, Innovation, and Change. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Tiffen, M., Mortimore, M. and Gichuki, F. (1994) More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Titow, J. Z. (1972) Winchester Yields: A Study in Medieval Agricultural Productivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tivy, J. (1990) Agricultural Ecology. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Todd, P. M., Billari, F. C. and Simao, J. (2005) Aggregate age-at-marriage patterns from individual mate-search heuristics. Demography, 42, 559–74.Google Scholar
Tomita, S., Parker, D. M., Jennings, J. A. and Wood, J. W. (2015) Household demography and early childhood mortality in a rice-farming village in northern Laos. PLOS ONE, 10, e0119191. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119191.Google Scholar
Tomkins, A. (1981) Nutritional status and severity of diarrhoea among pre-school children in rural Nigeria. The Lancet, 317(8225), 18 April, 860–2.Google Scholar
Toulmin, C. (1992) Cattle, Women, and Wells: Managing Household Survival in the Sahel. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Townsend, R. M. (1993) The Medieval Village Economy: A Study of the Pareto Mapping in General Equilibrium Models. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Trapnell, C. G. (1943) The Soils, Vegetation and Agriculture of North-Eastern Rhodesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Trenbath, B. R. (1976) Plant interactions in mixed crop communities. In Multiple Cropping, ed. Stelly, M.. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, pp. 129–69.Google Scholar
Tschaianoff [Chayanov], A. V. (1931) The socio-economic nature of peasant farm economy. In A Systematic Source Book in Rural Sociology (Volume II), ed. Sorokin, P. A., Zimmerman, C. C. and Galpin, C. J.. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 144–7.Google Scholar
Tsubouchi, U. (1996) One Malay Village: A Thirty-Year Community Study. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.Google Scholar
Tucker, B. (2006) A future discounting explanation for the presence of a mixed foraging-horticulture strategy among the Mikea of Madagascar. In Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture, ed. Kennett, D. J. and Winterhalder, B.. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 2240.Google Scholar
Tung, D. X. and Rasmussen, S. (2005) Production function analysis for smallholder semi-subsistence and semi-commercial poultry production systems in three agro-ecological regions in northern provinces of Vietnam. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17 (http:/www/lrrd.org/lrrd17/tung17096.htm).Google Scholar
Turchin, P. (1995) Population regulation: Old arguments and a new synthesis. In Population Dynamics: New Applications and Synthesis, ed. Cappuccino, N. and Price, P. W.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 1940.Google Scholar
Turchin, P. (2003) Complex Population Dynamics: A Theoretical/Empirical Synthesis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Turchin, P. (2009) Long-term population cycles in human societies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1162, 117.Google Scholar
Turner, B. L. and Ali, A. M. S. (1996) Induced intensification: Agricultural change in Bangladesh with implications for Malthus and Boserup. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93, 14,984–91.Google Scholar
Turner, B. L. and Brush, S. B. (1987) Comparative Farming Systems. London: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Turner, B. L., Hanham, R. Q. and Portararo, A. V. (1977) Population pressure and agricultural intensity. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 67, 384–96.Google Scholar
Turner, B. L., Hyden, G. and Kates, R. W., eds. (1993) Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Udry, J. R. and Cliquet, R. L. (1982) A cross-cultural examination of the relationship between ages at menarche, marriage, and first birth. Demography, 19, 5363.Google Scholar
Uhl, C., Clar, H. and Clark, H. (1982) Successional patterns associated with slash-and-burn agriculture in the Upper Río Negro region of the Amazon Basin. Biotropica, 14, 249–54.Google Scholar
Ulijaszek, S. J. (1995) Human Energetics in Biological Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ulijaszek, S. J. and Strickland, S. S. (1993) Nutritional Anthropology: Prospects and Perspectives. London: Smith-Gordon.Google Scholar
Unami, K., Kawachi, T. and Yangyuoru, M. (2005) Optimal water management in small-scale tank irrigation systems. Energy, 30, 1419–28.Google Scholar
United Nations (1998) The State of the World’s Children. U.N. International Children’s Emergency Fund. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
van Beukering, J. A. (1947) Het ladangvraagstuk, enn bedrijfs- en sociaal economisch probleem. Mededeelingen van het Departement van Economisch Zaken in Nederlandsch-Indië, No. 9.Google Scholar
Vanden Driesen, I. H. (1971) Patterns of land holding and land distribution in the Ife Division of Western Nigeria. Africa, 41, 4253.Google Scholar
Vandermeer, C. (1971) Water thievery in a rice irrigation system in Taiwan. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61, 156–79.Google Scholar
Vandermeer, J. (1989) The Ecology of Intercropping. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vanhaute, E. (2011) From famine to food crisis: What history can teach us about local and global subsistence crises. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38, 4765.Google Scholar
van Loon, J. H. (1963) Energy expenditure in lifting sheaves. Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Occupational Health, 62, 1752–3.Google Scholar
VanWey, L. K., D’Antona, A. O. and Brondízio, E. S. (2007) Household demographic change and land use/land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon. Population and Environment, 28, 165–85.Google Scholar
van Wyck, B.-E. (2005) Food Plants of the World: An Illustrated Guide. Portland, OR: Timber Press.Google Scholar
Vasey, D. E. (1992) An Ecological History of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.-A.D. 10,000. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Vaughan, J. G. and Geissler, C. A. (1997) The New Oxford Book of Food Plants: A Guide to the Fruit, Vegetables, Herbs and Spices of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Verdery, A. M., Entwisle, B., Faust, K. and Rindfuss, R. R. (2012) Social and spatial kinship: Kinship distance and dwelling unit proximity in rural Thailand. Social Networks 34 , 112–27.Google Scholar
Verdon, M. (1979) The stem family: Toward a general theory. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 10, 87105.Google Scholar
Viazzo, P. P. (1989) Upland Communities: Environment, Population and Social Structure in the Alps Since the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Viazzo, P. P. (2005) South of the Hajnal line: Italy and southern Europe. In Marriage and the Family in Eurasia: Perspectives on the Hajnal Hypothesis, ed. Engelen, T. and Wolf, A. P.. Amsterdam: Aksant Publishers, pp. 129–63.Google Scholar
Vickers, W. T. (1983) Tropical forest mimicry in swiddens: A reassessment of Geertz’s model with Amazonian data. Human Ecology, 11, 3545.Google Scholar
Viên, T. D., Rambo, A. T. and Lâm, N. T. (2009) Farming with Fire and Water: The Human Ecology of a Composite Swiddening Community in Vietnam’s Northern Mountains. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.Google Scholar
Vinovskis, M. (1977) From household size to the life course: Some observations on recent trends in family history. American Behavioral Sciences, 21, 263–87.Google Scholar
Vinovskis, M. (1988) The historian and the life course: Reflections on recent approaches to the study of American family life in the past. In Life-Span Development and Behavior, ed. Baltes, P. B., Featherman, D. L. and Lerner, R. M.. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 3359.Google Scholar
Viteri, F. E., Torun, B., Garcia, J. C. and Herrera, E. (1971) Determining energy costs of agricultural activities by respirometer and energy balance techniques. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 24, 1418–30.Google Scholar
von Rotenham, D. (1968) Cotton farming in Sukumaland: Cash cropping and its implications. In Smallholder Farming and Smallholder Development in Tanzania, ed. Ruthenberg, H.. Munich: Weltforum Verlag, pp. 5186.Google Scholar
von Thünen, J. H. (1966 [orig. 1826]) von Thünen’s Isolated State, ed. Hall, P.. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
von Tunzelmann, G. N. (1986) Malthus’s ‘total population system’: A dynamic reinterpretation. In The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus, ed. Coleman, D. and Schofield, R. S.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 6595.Google Scholar
von Verschuer, C. (2016) Rice, Agriculture, and the Food Supply in Premodern Japan. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wachter, K. W. (1987a) Mathematical requirements for homeostasis in prehistory. Sloan-Berkeley Working Papers in Population Studies, no. 11. Berkeley: Graduate Group in Demography, University of California.Google Scholar
Wachter, K. W. (1987b) Microsimulation of household cycles. In Family Demography: Methods and their Applications, ed. Bongaarts, J., Burch, T. K. and Wachter, K. W.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 215–27.Google Scholar
Wachter, K. W., Hammel, E. A. and Laslett, P., eds. (1978) Statistical Studies of Historical Social Structure. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Waddell, E. W. (1972) The Mound Builders: Agricultural Practices, Environment, and Society in the Central Highlands of New Guinea. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Waddell, E. W. and Krinks, P. A. (1968) The Organization of Production and Distribution among the Orokaiva. Canberra: New Guinea Research Bureau, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Wade, M. J. (1977) An experimental study of group selection. Evolution, 31,134–53.Google Scholar
Wall, R. (1972) Mean household size in England from printed sources. In Household and Family in Past Time, ed. Laslett, P. and Wall, R.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 159203.Google Scholar
Wall, R. (1982) The household: Demographic and economic change in England, 1650-1970. In Family Forms in Historic Europe, ed. Wall, R., Robin, J. and Laslett, P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 493512.Google Scholar
Wallace, B. (1968) Topics in Population Genetics. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Wallace, B. J. (1970) Hill and Valley Farmers: Socio-Economic Change among a Philippine People. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.Google Scholar
Wandel, M., Holmboe-Ottesen, G. and Manu, A. (1992) Seasonal work, energy intake and nutritional stress: A case study from Tanzania. Nutrition Research, 12, 116.Google Scholar
Ward, A. D. and Trimble, S. W. (2003) Environmental Hydrology, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Watabe, T. (1981) Report of the Scientific Survey on Traditional Cropping Systems in Tropical Asia: Part 1 (India and Sri Lanka), Part 2 (Indonesia). Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.Google Scholar
Waterlow, J. C. (1992) Protein-Energy Malnutrition. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Watkins, S. C. and Menken, J. A. (1985) Famines in historical perspective. Population and Development Review, 11, 647–75.Google Scholar
Watkins, S. C. and van de Walle, E. (1983) Nutrition, mortality, and population size: Malthus’ court of last resort. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 14, 205–26.Google Scholar
Watson, E. E., Adams, W. M. and Mutiso, S. K. (1998) Indigenous irrigation, agriculture and development, Marakwet, Kenya. The Geographical Journal, 164, 6784.Google Scholar
Watson, P. J. (1979) Archaeological Ethnography in Western Iran. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Watters, R. F. (1971) Shifting Cultivation in Latin America. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Weil, P. M. (1970) The introduction of the ox plow in central Gambia. In African Food Production Systems: Cases and Theory, ed. McLoughlin, P. F. M.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 229–63.Google Scholar
Wercshler, T. and Halli, S. (1992) The seasonality of births in Canada: A comparison with the northern United States. Population and Environment, 14, 8594.Google Scholar
West, C. T. (2009) Domestic transitions, desiccation, agricultural intensification, and livelihood diversification among rural households on the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso. American Anthropologist, 111, 275–88.Google Scholar
West, C. T. (2010) Household extension and fragmentation: Investigating the socio-environmental dynamics of Mossi domestic transitions. Human Ecology, 38, 363–76.Google Scholar
West, R. C. (1957) The Pacific Lowlands of Colombia: A Negroid Area of the American Tropics. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Westphal, E. (1975) Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.Google Scholar
Wharton, C. R., ed. (1969) Subsistence Agriculture and Economic Development. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Wheeler, E. F. and Abdullah, M. (1988) Food allocation within the family: Response to fluctuating food supply and food needs. In Coping with Uncertainty in Food Supply, ed. deGarine, I. and Harrison, G. A.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 437–51.Google Scholar
White, B. (1973) Demand for labor and population growth in colonial Java. Human Ecology, 1, 217–36.Google Scholar
White, B. (1983) “Agricultural involution” and its critics: Twenty years after. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 15 , 1823.Google Scholar
White, D. R., Burton, M. L. and Dow, M. M. (1981) Sexual division of labor in African agriculture: A network autocorrelation analysis. American Anthropologist, 83, 824–49.Google Scholar
White, G. F., Bradley, D. J. and White, A. U. (1972) Drawers of Water: Domestic Water Use in East Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
White, L. (1962) Medieval Technology and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T. M. and Turner, B. L. (2001) Cultivated Landscapes of Middle America on the Eve of Conquest. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T. M., Turner, B. L., Johnson, D. L., Kates, R. W. and Gottschang, T. R. (1993) Long-term population growth. In The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. Turner, B. L., Clark, W. C., Kates, R. W. and Richards, J. F.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 2539.Google Scholar
Whittlesey, D. (1937a) Shifting cultivation. Economic Geography, 13, 3552.Google Scholar
Whittlesey, D. (1937b) Fixation of shifting cultivation. Economic Geography, 13, 139–54.Google Scholar
Whyte, R. O. (1974) Rural Nutrition in Monsoon Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wiber, M. G. (1985) Dynamics of the peasant household economy: Labor recruitment and allocation in an upland Philippine community. Journal of Anthropological Research, 41, 427–41.Google Scholar
Widdowson, E. M. (1976) Changes in the body and its organs during lactation: Nutritional implications. In Breast-feeding and the Mother. CIBA Foundation Symposium 45 (new series). Amsterdam: Elsevier North-Holland, pp. 103–18.Google Scholar
Widgren, M. (2004) Towards a historical geography of intensive farming in Eastern Africa. In Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa: Past and Present, ed. Widgren, M. and Sutton, J. E. G.. Oxford: James Currey, pp. 118.Google Scholar
Widgren, M. (2007) Pre-colonial landesque capital: A global perspective. In Rethinking Environmental History: World-System History and Global Environmental Change, ed. Hornborg, A., Marinez-Alier, J. and McNeil, J. R.. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, pp. 6177.Google Scholar
Widgren, M. and Sutton, J. E. G., eds. (2004) Islands of Intensive Agriculture in Eastern Africa: Past and Present. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Wiggins, S. (1995) Change in African farming systems between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s. Journal of International Development, 7, 807–48.Google Scholar
Wijsman, E. M. and Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1984) Migration and genetic population structure with special reference to humans. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 15, 279301.Google Scholar
Wilhusen, R. H. and Stone, G. D. (1990) An ethnoarchaeological perspective on soils. World Archaeology, 22, 104–14.Google Scholar
Wilk, R. R. (1989a) Decision-making and resource flows within the household: Beyond the black box. In The Household Economy: Reconsidering the Domestic Mode of Production, ed. Wilk, R. R.. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 2352.Google Scholar
Wilk, R. R., ed. (1989b) The Household Economy: Reconsidering the Domestic Mode of Production. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Wilk, R. R. (1991) Household Ecology: Economic Change and Domestic Life Among the Kekchi Maya in Belize. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Wilk, R. R. and Netting, R. M. (1984) Households: Changing forms and functions. In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group, ed. Netting, R. M., Wilk, R. R. and Arnould, E. J.. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 128.Google Scholar
Wilken, G. C. (1969) Drained-field agriculture: An intensive farming system in Tlaxcala, Mexico. Geographical Review, 59, 215–41.Google Scholar
Wilken, G. C. (1970) The ecology of gathering in a Mexican farming region. Economic Botany, 24, 286–95.Google Scholar
Wilken, G. C. (1972) Microclimate management by traditional farmers. Geographical Review, 62, 554–60.Google Scholar
Wilken, G. C. (1977) Manual irrigation in Middle America. Agricultural Water Management, 1, 155–65.Google Scholar
Wilken, G. C. (1979) Traditional slope management: An analytical approach. In Hill Lands: Proceedings of an International Symposium. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Books, pp. 416–22.Google Scholar
Wilken, G. C. (1987) Good Farmers: Traditional Agricultural Resource Management in Mexico and Central America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, J. C. (1977) Water and Tribal Settlement in South-East Arabia: A Study of the Aflāj of Oman. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. (2006) From highland to desert: The organization of landscape and irrigation in Southern Arabia. In Agricultural Strategies, ed. Marcus, J. and Stanish, C.. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California at Los Angeles, pp. 3888.Google Scholar
Willekins, F. (1988) A life course perspective on household dynamics. In Modeling Household Formation and Dissolution, ed. Keilman, N., Kuijsten, A. and Vossen, A. D.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 87107.Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1972) Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (1987) Altruism in Mendelian populations derived from sibling groups: The haystack model revisited. Evolution, 41, 1059–70.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. and Wilson, E. O. (2008) Evolution “for the good of the group”. The American Scientist, 96, 380–9.Google Scholar
Wilson, G. L. (1917) Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians: An Indian Interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, W. M. and Dufour, D. L. (2002) Why “bitter” cassava? Productivity of “bitter” and “sweet” cassava in a Tukanoan Indian settlement in the northwest Amazon. Economic Botany, 56, 4957.Google Scholar
Winch, D. (1992) Malthus: ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population.’ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, B. (1990) Open field, common pot: Harvest variability and risk avoidance in agricultural and foraging societies. In Risk and Uncertainty in Tribal and Peasant Economies, ed. Cashdan, E.. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 6787.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, B., Larsen, R. and Thomas, R. B. (1974) Dung as an essential resource in a highland Peruvian community. Human Ecology, 2, 89104.Google Scholar
Wittfogel, K. (1964) Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. (1980) Mechanisms of Demographic Equilibrium in a Small Human Population, the Gainj of Papua New Guinea. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. (1987) The genetic demography of the Gainj of Papua New Guinea. 2. Determinants of effective population size. The American Naturalist, 129, 165–87.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. (1994a) Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. (1994b) Maternal nutrition and reproduction: Why demographers and physiologists disagree about a fundamental relationship. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 709, 101–16.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. (1998) A theory of preindustrial population dynamics: Demography, economy, and well-being in Malthusian systems. Current Anthropology, 39, 99135.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W., Holman, D. J., Weiss, K. M., Buchanan, A. V. and LeFor, B. (1992a) Hazards models for human population biology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 35, 4387.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W., Johnson, P. L. and Campbell, K. L. (1985a) Demographic and endocrinological aspects of low natural fertility in highland New Guinea. Journal of Biosocial Science, 17, 5779.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W., Lai, D., Johnson, P. L., Campbell, K. L. and Maslar, I. A. (1985b) Lactation and birth-spacing in highland New Guinea. Journal of Biosocial Science, Supplement 9, 159–73.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W., Milner, G. A., Harpending, H. C. and Weiss, K. M. (1992b) The osteological paradox: Problems of inferring prehistoric health from skeletal samples. Current Anthropology, 33, 343–70.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. and Smouse, P. E. (1982) A method of analyzing density-dependent vital rates, with an application to the Gainj of Papua New Guinea. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 58, 403–11.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W. and Smouse, P. E. (1983) Population regulation and stable limit cycles in highland New Guinea. Paper presented at the Human Biology Council meetings.Google Scholar
Wood, J. W., Smouse, P. E. and Long, J. C. (1985c) Sex-specific dispersal patterns in two human populations of highland New Guinea. The American Naturalist, 125, 747–68.Google Scholar
Woods, R. I., Watterson, P. A. and Woodward, J. H. (1988) The causes of rapid infant mortality decline in England and Wales, 1861–1921. Population Studies, 42, 343–66.Google Scholar
Woodward, B. (1998) Protein, calories and immune defenses. Nutrition Reviews, 56, S84S92.Google Scholar
Woolf, L. (1913) The Village in the Jungle. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Worthington-Roberts, B. S., Vermeersch, J. and Williams, S. R. (1985) Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation, 3rd edn. St. Louis, MO: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (1981) The prospects for population history. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 12, 207-26.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (1986) Elegance and experience: Malthus at the bar of history. In The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus, ed. Coleman, D. and Schofield, R. S.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 46-64.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (1988) Continuity, Chance and Change: The Character of the Industrial Revolution in England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (1991a) Energy availability and agricultural productivity. In Land, Labour and Livestock: Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity, ed. Campbell, B. M. S. and Overton, M.. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 323–9.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (1991b) Why poverty was inevitable in traditional societies. In Transition to Modernity: Essays on Power, Wealth and Belief, ed. Hall, J. A. and Jarvie, I. C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 91110.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. and Schofield, R. S. (1981) The Population History of England 1541–1871: A Reconstruction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wynne-Edwards, V. C. (1962) Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Wyon, J. B. and Gordon, J. E. (1971) The Khanna Study: Population Problems in the Rural Punjab. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Xu, G. and Peel, L. J., eds. (1991) The Agriculture of China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Xu, J., Yang, Y., Pu, Y., Ayad, W. G. and Eyzaguirre, P. B. (2001) Genetic diversity in taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott, Araceae) in China: An ethnobotantical and genetic approach. Economic Botany, 55, 1431.Google Scholar
Yanagisako, S. J. (1979) Family and household: The analysis of domestic groups. Annual Review of Anthropology, 8, 161205.Google Scholar
Yang, M. C. (1945) A Chinese Village: Taitou, Shantung Province. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Yen, D. E. and Mummery, J. M. J., eds. (1990) Pacific Production Systems: Approaches to Economic Prehistory. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Yentsch, A. (1990) Minimum vessel lists as evidence of change in folk and courtly traditions of food use. Historical Archaeology, 24, 2453.Google Scholar
Yin, S. (2001) People and Forests: Yunnan Swidden Agriculture in Human-Ecological Perspective. Kunming, China: Yunnan Education Publishing House.Google Scholar
Yule, G. U. (1926) Why do we sometimes get nonsense correlations between time-series? A study in sampling and the nature of time-series. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 89, 163.Google Scholar
Zeven, A. C. (1998) Landraces: A review of definitions and classifications. Euphytica, 104, 127–39.Google Scholar
Zimmerer, K. S. (1991) Labor shortages and crop diversity in the southern Peruvian sierra. Geographical Review, 81, 415–32.Google Scholar
Zimmerer, K. S. (1994) Local soil knowledge: Answering basic questions in highland Bolivia. Journal of Soil and Water Management, 49, 2934.Google Scholar
Zimmerer, K. S. (1996) Changing Fortunes: Biodiversity and Peasant Livelihood in the Peruvian Andes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Zipf, G. K. (1949) Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Zolitschka, B., Behre, K.-E. and Schneider, J. (2003) Human and climatic impact on the environment as derived from colluvial, fluvial and lacustrine archives: Examples from the Bronze Age to the Migration Period, Germany. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22, 81100.Google Scholar
Zong, G. (1982) The mulberry dike-fish pond complex: A Chinese ecosystem of land-water interaction on the Pearl River delta. Human Ecology, 10, 191202.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • James W. Wood, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book: The Biodemography of Subsistence Farming
  • Online publication: 30 April 2020
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • James W. Wood, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book: The Biodemography of Subsistence Farming
  • Online publication: 30 April 2020
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • James W. Wood, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book: The Biodemography of Subsistence Farming
  • Online publication: 30 April 2020
Available formats
×