Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nmvwc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T14:16:37.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - The Biohistory of Prehistory: Mummies and the Forensic Creation of Identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2017

Christopher M. Stojanowski
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
William N. Duncan
Affiliation:
East Tennessee State University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Studies in Forensic Biohistory
Anthropological Perspectives
, pp. 143 - 166
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahrenholt-Bindslev, D., Josephsen, K., and Jurik, A. G. (2007). Grauballe Man’s teeth and jaws. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 140153.Google Scholar
Alm, T. and Elvevåg, B. (2012). Ergotism in Norway. Part I: The symptoms and their interpretation from the late Iron Age to the seventeenth century. History of Psychiatry, 24(1), 1533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amy, R., Bhatnagar, R., Damkjar, E., and Beattie, O. (1986). The last Franklin expedition: Report of a postmortem examination of a crew member. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 135(2), 115117.Google ScholarPubMed
Apostoli, P., De Palma, G., Catalani, S., Bortolotti, F. and Tagliaro, F. (2009). Multielemental analysis of tissues from Cangrande della Scala, Prince of Verona, in the 14th century. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 33(6), 322327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asingh, P. (2007a). The man in the bog. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 1531.Google Scholar
Asingh, P. (2007b). New scientific investigations. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 5357.Google Scholar
Asingh, P. (2007c). The magical bog. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 274289.Google Scholar
Asingh, P. (2007d). Conclusion: The man in the bog revisited. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 316323.Google Scholar
Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N. (eds.) (2007). Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.Google Scholar
Aspöck, H., Auer, H., and Picher, O. (1996). Trichuris trichiura eggs in the Neolithic glacier mummy from the Alps. Parasitology Today, 12(7), 255256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aufderheide, A. C. (2003). The Scientific Study of Mummies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Beattie, O. (1995). The results of multidisciplinary research into the preserved human tissues from the Franklin Expedition of 1845. Proceedings of the World Congress on Mummy Studies. Cabildo de Tenerife: Organismo Autonomo de Museuos y Centros, pp. 579584.Google Scholar
Beattie, O. and Geiger, J. (1987). Frozen in Time: The Fate of the Franklin Expedition. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Bereuter, T. L., Mikenda, W., and Reiter, C. (1997). Iceman’s mummification: Implications from infrared spectroscopical and histological studies. Chemistry: A European Journal, 3(7), 10321038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianucci, R., Brothwell, D., van der Sanden, W., et al. (2012). A possible case of dyschondrosteosis in a bog body from the Netherlands. Journal of Archaeology in the Low Countries, 4(1), 3764.Google Scholar
Boel, L. W. and Dalstra, M. (2007). Microscopical analyses of bone specimens: Structural changes related to chronological age and possible diseases. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 130139.Google Scholar
Boutin, A. T. (2012). Crafting a bioarchaeology of personhood: Osteobiographical narratives from Alalakh. In Breathing New Life into the Evidence of Death, eds. Baadsgaard, A., Boutin, A. T.. and Buikstra, J. E.. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press, pp. 109133.Google Scholar
Boyer, R. S., Rodin, E. A., Grey, T. C., and Connolly, R. C. (2003). The skull and cervical spine radiographs of Tutankhamen: A critical appraisal. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 24, 11421147.Google ScholarPubMed
Buikstra, J. E. (2006). Preface. In Bioarchaeology: The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains, eds. Buikstra, J. E. and Beck, L. A.. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, pp. xviixx.Google Scholar
Cano, R. J., Tiefenbrunner, F., Ubaldi, M., et al. (2000). Sequence analysis of bacterial DNA in the colon and stomach of the Tyrolean Iceman. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 112(3), 297309.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Capasso, L. (1994). Ungueal morphology and pathology of the human mummy found in the Val Senales (Eastern Alps, Tyrol, bronze-age). Munibe Ciencias Naturales, 46, 123132.Google Scholar
Capasso, L. (1998). 5300 years ago, the Ice Man used natural laxatives and antibiotics. The Lancet, 352(9143), 1864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Capasso, L., Caramiello, S., and D’Anastasio, R. (1999). The anomaly of Santa Rosa. The Lancet, 353(9151), 504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charlier, P., Poupon, J., Jeannel, G.-F., et al. (2013). The embalmed heart of Richard the Lionheart (1199 AD): A biological and anthropological analysis. Scientific Reports, 3, 1296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chhem, R. K., Schmit, P., and Fauré, C. (2004). Did Ramesses II really have ankylosing spondylitis? A reappraisal. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal, 55(4), 211217.Google ScholarPubMed
Contis, G. and David, A. (1996). The epidemiology of bilharzia in ancient Egypt: 5000 years of schistosomiasis. Parasitology Today, 12(7), 253255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Anastasio, R., Silvestro, G., Versacci, P., Capasso, L., and Marino, B. (2010). The heart of Santa Rosa. The Lancet, 375(9732), 2168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dabernat, H., Thèves, C., Bouakaze, C., et al. (2014). Tuberculosis epidemiology and selection in an autochthonous Siberian population from the 16th–19th century. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e89877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dageförde, K. L., Vennemann, M., and Rühli, F. J. (2014). Evidence based palaeopathology: Meta-analysis of Pubmed®-listed scientific studies on pre-Columbian, South American mummies. HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 65(3), 214231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickson, J. H. (2011). Ancient Ice Mummies. Gloucestershire: The History Press.Google Scholar
Dickson, J. H., Richards, M. P., Hebda, R. J., et al. (2004). Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchí the first ancient body of a man from a North American glacier: Reconstructing his last days by intestinal and biomolecular analyses. The Holocene, 14(4), 481486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, J. H., Hofbauer, W., Porley, R., et al. (2009). Six mosses from the Tyrolean Iceman’s alimentary tract and their significance for his ethnobotany and the events of his last days. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 18(1), 1322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, W. (1982). Identification of the remains of John Paul Jones: A look at early methods. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 3(2), 143152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, H. G. M., Gniadecka, M., Petersen, S., et al. (2002). NIR-FT Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic probe for mummified skin and nails. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 28(1), 315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrer, K. T. H. (1993). Lead and the Last Franklin expedition. Journal of Archaeological Science, 20(4), 399409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornaciari, A., Giuffra, V., Marvelli, S., and Fornaciari, G. (2008). The blessed Christina from Spoleto: A case of 15th century artificial mummy from Umbria (central Italy). In Mummies and Science. World Mummies Research. VI World Congress on Mummy Studies, eds. Atoche, P., Rodríguez, C., and Ramírez, Á.. Tenerife: Academia Canaria de la Historia, pp. 521527.Google Scholar
Fornaciari, G. (1985). The mummies of the Abbey of Saint Domenico Maggiore in Naples: A preliminary report. Archivio per l’Antropologia e la Etnologia, 115, 215226.Google Scholar
Fornaciari, G. and Torino, M. (1995). Exploration of the tomb of Pandolfo III Malatesta (1370–1427), Prince of Fano (Central Italy). Paleopathology Newsletter, 92, 712.Google Scholar
Fornaciari, G., Spremolla, G., Vergaminii, P., and Penedetti, E. (1989). Analysis of pulmonary tissue from a natural mummy of the XIII century (Saint Zita, Lucca, Tuscany, Italy) by FT-IR microspectroscopy. Paleopathology Newsletter, 68, 58.Google Scholar
Fornaciari, G., Marchetti, A., Pellegrini, S., and Ciranni, R. (1999). K-ras mutation in the tumour of King Ferrante I of Aragon (1431–1494) and environmental mutagens at the Aragonese court of Naples. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 9(5), 302306.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornaciari, G., Zavaglia, K., Giusti, L., Vultaggio, C., and Cirani, R. (2003). Human papillomavirus in a 16th century mummy. The Lancet, 362(9396), 1160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornaciari, G., Giuffra, V., Marinozzi, S. Picchi, M. S., and Masetti, M. (2009). “Royal” pediculosis in Renaissance Italy: Lice in the mummy of the King of Naples Ferdinand II of Aragon (1467–1496). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 104(4), 671672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornaciari, G., Giuffra, V., Bortolotti, F., et al. (2015). A medieval case of Digitalis poisoning: The sudden death of Cangrande della Scala, Lord of Verona (1291–1329). Journal of Archaeological Science, 54, 162167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geller, P. L. (2009). Bodyscapes, biology, and heteronormativity. American Anthropologist, 111(4), 504516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill-Frerking, H. (2010). Bog bodies: Preserved bodies from peat. In Mummies of the World, eds. Wieczorek, A. and Rosendahl, W.. New York: Prestel, pp. 6071.Google Scholar
Giuffra, V., Fornaciari, A., Marvelli, S., et al. (2011). Embalming methods and plants in Renaissance Italy: Two artificial mummies from Siena (central Italy). Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(8), 19491956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gostner, P. and Vigl, E. (2002). INSIGHT: Report of radiological-forensic findings on the Iceman. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29(3), 323326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregersen, M., Jurik, A G., and Lynnerup, N. (2007). Forensic evidence, injuries and cause of death. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 235258.Google Scholar
Handt, O., Richards, M., Trommsdorff, M., et al. (1994). Molecular genetic analyses of the Tyrolean Ice Man. Science, 264(5166), 17751778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harild, J. A., Robinson, D. E., and Hudlebusch, J. (2007). New analyses of Grauballe Man’s gut contents. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 154181.Google Scholar
Harris, J. E., Wente, E. F., Cox, C. F., et al. (1979). The identification of the mummy of the “elder lady” in the tomb of Amenhotep II as Queen Tiye. Delaware Medical Journal, 51(2), 8993.Google ScholarPubMed
Hart, L. and Timmermans, S. (2012). Death signals life: A semiotics of the corpse. In Routledge Handbook of Body Studies, ed. Turner, B. S.. London: Routledge, pp. 231243.Google Scholar
Hawass, Z., Gad, Y. Z., Ismail, S., et al. (2010). Ancestry and pathology in King Tutankhamun’s family. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(7), 638647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hori, I. (1962). Self-mummified Buddhas in Japan: An aspect of the Shugen-Dô (“Mountain Asceticism”) Sect. History of Religions, 1(2), 222242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inman, K. and Rudin, N. (2001). Principles and Practice of Criminalistics: The Profession of Forensic Science. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Janko, M., Zink, A., Gigler, A. M., Heckl, W. M., and Stark, R. W. (2010). Nanostructure and mechanics of mummified type I collagen from the 5300-year-old Tyrolean Iceman. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277(1692), 23012309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janko, M., Stark, R. W., and Zink, A. (2012). Preservation of 5300 year old red blood cells in the Iceman. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 9(75), 25812590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janssen-Kim, M. (2010). Living Buddhas: Mummies in Japan. In Mummies of the World, eds. Wieczorek, A. and Rosendahl, W.. New York: Prestel, pp. 142145.Google Scholar
Kean, W. F. and Kean, M. (2014). The mechanical back pain and leg neurosensory pain of the Similaun Iceman: Relationship to “medicinal” tattoos. Yearbook of Mummy Studies, 2, 714.Google Scholar
Kean, W. F, Tocchio, S., Kean, M., and Rainsford, K. D. (2013). The musculoskeletal abnormalities of the Similaun Iceman (“ÖTZI”): Clues to chronic pain and possible treatments. Inflammopharmacology, 21(1), 1120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keenleyside, A., Song, X., Chettle, D. R., and Webber, C. E. (1996). The lead content of human bones from the 1845 Franklin Expedition. Journal of Archaeological Science, 23(3), 461465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, A., Graefen, A., Ball, M., et al. (2012). New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman’s origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing. Nature Communications, 3, 698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komar, D. A. and Buikstra, J. E. (2008). Forensic Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kowal, W., Krahn, P., and Beattie, O. (1989). Lead levels in human tissues from the Franklin forensic project. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 35(2), 119126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowal, W., Beattie, O. B., Baadsgaard, H., and Krahn, P. M. (1991). Source identification of lead found in tissues of sailors from the Franklin Artic expedition of 1845. Journal of Archaeological Science, 18(2), 193203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, H. and McDonald, M. (2009). Introduction. In Social Bodies, eds. Lambert, H. and McDonald, M.. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 115.Google Scholar
Lösch, S., Graw, M., Nerlich, A. G., Zink, A. R., and Peschel, O. (2008). The Wolfstein mummies: First report on the paleopathological and forensic investigations on mummified corpses from a South German crypt. In Mummies and Science. World Mummies Research. VI World Congress on Mummy Studies, eds. Atoche, P., Rodríguez, C., and Ramírez, Á.. Tenerife: Academia Canaria de la Historia, pp. 311317.Google Scholar
Lynnerup, N. (2007). Mummies. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 50(535), 162190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynnerup, N. (2009). Medical imaging of mummies and bog bodies: A mini-review. Gerontology, 56(5), 441448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maixner, F., Overath, T., Linke, D., et al. (2013). Paleoproteomic study of the Iceman’s brain tissue. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 70(19), 37093722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maixner, F., Thomma, A., Cipollini, G., et al. (2014). Metagenomic analysis reveals presence of Treponema denticola in a tissue biopsy of the Iceman. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e99994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makristathis, A., Schwarzmeier, J., Mader, R. M., et al. (2002). Fatty acid composition and preservation of the Tyrolean Iceman and other mummies. Journal of Lipid Research, 43(12), 20562061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, R. R., Naftel, S., Macfie, S., Jones, K., and Nelson, A. (2013). Pb distribution in bones from the Franklin expedition: Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and laser ablation/mass spectroscopy. Applied Physics A, 111(1), 2329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masetti, M., Gabrielli, S., Menconi, M., and Fornaciari, G. (2008). Insect remains associated with the mummy of Cardinal Giulo della Rovere, Archbishop of Ravenna (1522–1578). In Mummies and Science. World Mummies Research. VI World Congress on Mummy Studies, eds. Atoche, P., Rodríguez, C., and Ramírez, Á.. Tenerife: Academia Canaria de la Historia, pp. 379385.Google Scholar
Mays, S., Ogden, A., Montgomery, J., et al. (2011). New light on the personal identification of a skeleton of a member of Sir John Franklin’s last expedition to the Arctic, 1845. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(7), 15711582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millar, K., Bowman, A. W., and Battersby, W. (2014). A re-analysis of the supposed role of lead poisoning in Sir John Franklin’s last expedition, 1845–1848. Polar Record, 51(3), 224–38.Google Scholar
Murphy, W. A. Jr., Nedden, D., Gostner, P., et al. (2003). The Iceman: Discovery and imaging. Radiology, 226(3), 614629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Needleman, H. (2004). Lead poisoning. Annual Review of Medicine, 55, 209222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nerlich, A. G., Bachmeier, B. E., Zink, A., and Egarter-Vigl, E. (2005). Histological and biochemical evidence for an intravital stab wound on Ötzi’s right hand. Journal of Biological Research, 80(9830), 321323.Google Scholar
Nerlich, A. G., Peschel, O., and Egarter-Vigl, E. (2009). New evidence for Ötzi’s final trauma. Intensive Care Medicine, 35(6), 11381139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Notman, D. N. H., Anderson, L., Beattie, O. B., and Amy, R. (1987). Arctic paleoradiology: Portable radiographic examination of two frozen sailors from the Franklin Expedition (1845–1848). American Journal of Roentgenology, 149(2), 347350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olivieri, C., Ermini, L., Rizzi, E., et al. (2010). Characterization of nucleotide misincorporation patterns in the Iceman’s mitochondrial DNA. PLoS ONE, 5(1), e8629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paddock, F. K., Loomis, C. C., and Perkons, A. K. (1970). An inquest on the death of Charles Francis Hall. New England Journal of Medicine, 282(14), 784786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panzer, S., Gill-Frerking, H., Rosendahl, W., Zink, A. R., and Piombino-Mascali, D. (2013). Multidetector CT investigation of the mummy of Rosalia Lombardo (1918–1920). Annals of Anatomy, 195(5), 401408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pap, I., Susa, É., and Józsa, L. (1997). Mummies from the 18–19th century Dominican Church of Vác, Hungary. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 42, 107112.Google Scholar
Pernter, P., Gostner, P., Vigl, E. E., and Rühli, F. J. (2007). Radiologic proof for the Iceman’s cause of death (ca. 5,300 BP). Journal of Archaeological Science, 34(11), 17841786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pöder, R. (2005). The Ice man’s fungi: Facts and mysteries. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 7(3), 357359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pöder, R. and Peintner, U. (1999). Laxatives and the Ice Man. The Lancet, 353(9156), 926927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plunkett, G., Whitehouse, N. J., Hall, V. A., et al. (2009). A multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental investigation of the findspot of an Iron Age bog body from Oldcroghan, Co. Offaly, Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(2), 265277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quigley, C. (1998). Modern Mummies: The Preservation of the Human Body in the Twentieth Century. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, Inc.Google Scholar
Robb, J. (2002). Time and biography: Osteobiography of the Italian Neolithic lifespan. In Thinking Through the Body: Archaeologies of Corporeality, eds. Hamilakis, Y., Pluciennik, M., and Tarlow, S.. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 153172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robb, J. (2009). Towards a critical Ötziography: Inventing prehistoric bodies. In Social Bodies, eds. Lambert, H. and McDonald, M.. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 100128.Google Scholar
Rollo, F., Luciani, S., Canapa, A., and Marota, I. (2000). Analysis of bacterial DNA in skin and muscle of the Tyrolean Iceman offers new insight into the mummification process. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 111(2), 211219.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rollo, F., Ubaldi, M., Ermini, L., and Marota, I. (2002). Ötzi’s last meals: DNA analysis of the intestinal content of the Neolithic glacier mummy from the Alps. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 99(20), 12,59412,599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rollo, F., Ermini, L., Luciani, S., et al. (2006). Fine characterization of the Iceman’s mtDNA haplogroup. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 130(4), 557564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rühli, F. J. and Ikram, S. (2014). Purported medical diagnosis of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, c. 1325 BC. HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 65(1), 5163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schilling, A. F., Kummer, T., Marshall, R. P., et al. (2008). Brief communication: Two and three-dimensional analysis of bone mass and microstructure in a bog body from the Iron Age. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 135(4), 479483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, R. A. (2002). The Iceman cometh: Queering the archaeological past. In Out in Theory: The Emergence of Lesbian and Gay Anthropology, eds. Lewin, E. and Leap, W. L.. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, pp. 155184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searcey, N., Reinhard, K. J., Egarter-Vigl, E., et al. (2013). Parasitism of the Zweeloo Woman: Dicrocoeliasis evidenced in a Roman period bog mummy. International Journal of Paleopathology, 3(3), 224228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seiler, R., Spielman, A. I., Zink, A., and Rühli, F. (2013). Oral pathologies of the Neolithic Iceman, c. 3,300 BC. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 121, 137141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigmund, G. and Minas, M. (2002). The Trier mummy Pai-es-tjau-em-aui-nu: Radiological and histological findings. European Radiology, 12(7), 18541862.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spindler, K. (1994). The Man in the Ice: The Discovery of a 5,000-Year-Old Body Reveals the Secrets of the Stone Age. New York: Harmony Books.Google Scholar
Stodder, A. L. W. and Palkovich, A. M. (eds.) (2012). The Bioarchaeology of Individuals. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stojanowski, C. M. and Duncan, W. N. (2014). Engaging bodies in the public imagination: Bioarchaeology as social science, science, and humanities. American Journal of Human Biology, 27(1), 5160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szikossy, I., Kristóf, L. A., and Pap, I. (2010). Mummies found in the Dominican Church in Vác, Hungary. In Mummies of the World, eds. Wieczorek, A. and Rosendahl, W.. New York: Prestel, pp. 355356.Google Scholar
ten, Berge, R. L. and van de Goot, F. R. (2002). Seqenenre Taa II, the violent death of a pharaoh. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 55(3), 232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, R. C. and Scaife, R. G. (1995). Bog Bodies: New Discoveries and New Perspectives. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Turner-Walker, G. and Peacock, E. E. (2008). Preliminary results of bone diagenesis in Scandinavian bogs. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 266(3–4), 151159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Plicht, J., van der Sanden, W., Aerts, A., and Streurman, H. (2004). Dating bog bodies by means of 14C-AMS. Journal of Archaeological Science, 31(4), 471491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Sanden, W. A. B. (2013). Bog bodies: Underwater burials, sacrifices, and executions. In The Oxford Handbook of Wetland Archaeology, eds. Menotti, F. and O’Sullivan, A.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 401416.Google Scholar
Verdery, K. (1999). The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Postsocialist Change. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, C. (2007). Facial reconstruction of Grauballe Man. In Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited, eds. Asingh, P. and Lynnerup, N.. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 260271.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, C. and Neave, R. (2001). Skull reassembly and the implications for forensic facial reconstruction. Science and Justice, 41(3), 56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, C. and Neave, R. (2003). The reconstruction of a face showing a healed wound. Journal of Archaeological Science, 30(10), 13431348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A. C., Edwards, H. G. M., and Barry, B. W. (1995). The “Iceman”: Molecular structure of 5200-year-old skin charaterised by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1246(1), 98105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wunn, I. (2010). Mummies in monasteries and churches: Monks, popes and princes. In Mummies of the World, eds. Wieczorek, A. and Rosenthal, W.. New York: Prestel, pp. 152159.Google Scholar
zur Nedden, D., Wicke, K., and Knapp, R. (1994). New findings on the Tyrolean “Ice Man”: Archaeological and CT-body analysis suggest personal disaster before death. Journal of Archaeological Science, 21(6), 809818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zweifel, L., Böni, T., and Rühli, F. J. (2009). Evidence-based palaeopathology: Meta-analysis of PubMed-listed scientific studies on ancient Egyptian mummies. HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 60(5), 405427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×