Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T01:41:23.695Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 15 - Intracranial hemorrhage: complication of endovascular therapy for acute stroke

from Section IV - Iatrogenic hemorrhagic strokes: thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic strokes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2016

By
Muhib Alam Khan  and
Rushna Ali
Edited by
Alexander Tsiskaridze ,
Arne Lindgren  and
Adnan I. Qureshi
Alexander Tsiskaridze
Affiliation:
Sarajishvili Institute of Neurology, Tblisi State University, Georgia
Arne Lindgren
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lund, Sweden
Adnan I. Qureshi
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Treatment-Related Stroke
Including Iatrogenic and In-Hospital Strokes
 , pp. 155 - 161
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1581–7.Google Scholar
Hacke, W, Kaste, M, Fieschi, C, et al. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II). Lancet. 1998; 352:1245–51.Google Scholar
Hacke, W, Kaste, M, Bluhmki, E, et al. ECASS Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(13):1317–29.Google Scholar
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1997; 28:2109–18.Google Scholar
Fiorelli, M, Bastianello, S, von Kummer, R, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation within 36 hours of a cerebral infarct: relationships with early clinical deterioration and 3-month outcome in the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study I (ECASS I) cohort. Stroke. 1999; 30:2280–4.Google Scholar
del Zoppo, G J, Higashida, R T, Furlan, A J, et al. PROACT: a phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. PROACT Investigators. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. Stroke. 1998; 29:4–11.Google Scholar
Furlan, A, Higashida, R, Wechsler, L, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA. 1999; 282:2003–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IMS Study Investigators. Combined intravenous and intraarterial recanalization for acute ischemic stroke: The Interventional Management of Stroke Study. Stroke. 2004; 35:904–11.Google Scholar
IMS II Trial Investigators. The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II Study. Stroke. 2007; 38:2127–35.Google Scholar
Smith, W S, Sung, G, Starkman, S, et al. Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. Stroke. 2005; 36:1432–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, W S, Sung, G, Saver, J, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: Final results of the Multi MERCI trial. Stroke. 2008; 39:1205–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial Investigators. The penumbra pivotal stroke trial: Safety and effectiveness of a new generation of mechanical devices for clot removal in intracranial large vessel occlusive disease. Stroke. 2009; 40:2761–8.Google Scholar
Saver, J L, Jahan, R, Levy, E I, et al. SWIFT Trialists. Solitaire Flow Restoration Device versus the Merci Retriever in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke (SWIFT): A randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2012; 380(9849):1241–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nogueira, R G, Lutsep, H L, Gupta, R, et al. TREVO 2 Trialists. Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2): A randomised trial. Lancet. 2012; 380(9849):1231–40.Google Scholar
Broderick, J P, Palesch, Y Y, Demchuk, A M, et al. Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III Investigators. Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368(10):893–903.Google Scholar
Berkhemer, O A, Fransen, P S, Beumer, D, et al. MR CLEAN Investigators. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(1):11–20.Google Scholar
Goyal, M, Demchuk, A M, Menon, B K, et al. ESCAPE Trial Investigators. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(11):1019–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, B C, Mitchell, P J, Kleinig, T J, et al. EXTEND-IA Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(11):1009–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexandrov, A V, Black, S E, Ehrlich, L E, Caldwell, C B, Norris, J W. Predictors of hemorrhagic transformation occurring spontaneously and on anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1997; 28:1198–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, X, Lo, E H. Triggers and mediators of hemorrhagic transformation in cerebral ischemia. Mol Neurobiol. 2003; 28:229–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gasche, Y, Copin, J C, Sugawara, T, Fujimura, M, Chan, P H. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition prevents oxidative stress-associated blood–brain barrier disruption after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001; 21:1393–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khatri, R, Khatri, P, Khoury, J, et al. Microcatheter contrast injections during intra-arterial thrombolysis increase intracranial hemorrhage risk. J Neurointerv Surg. 2010; 2:115–19.Google Scholar
Demchuk, A M, Morgenstern, L B, Krieger, D W, et al. Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1999; 30:34–9.Google Scholar
Natarajan, S K, Dandona, P, Karmon, Y, et al. Prediction of adverse outcomes by blood glucose level after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Clinical Article J Neurosurg. 2011; 114:1785–99.Google Scholar
Molina, C A, Alvarez-Sabin, J, Montaner, J, et al. Thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic infarction: A marker of early reperfusion, reduced infarct size, and improved outcome in patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke. 2002; 33:1551–6.Google Scholar
Dubey, N, Bakshi, R, Wasay, M, Dmochowski, J. Early computed tomography hypodensity predicts hemorrhage after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. J Neuroimaging. 2001; 11:184–8.Google Scholar
Barber, P A, Demchuk, A M, Zhang, J, Buchan, A M. Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. ASPECTS Study Group. Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score. Lancet. 2000; 355:1670–4.Google Scholar
Dzialowski, I, Hill, M D, Coutts, S B, et al. Extent of early ischemic changes on computed tomography (CT) before thrombolysis: prognostic value of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score in ECASS II. Stroke. 2006; 37:973–8.Google Scholar
Hill, M D, Rowley, H A, Adler, F, et al. PROACT-II Investigators. Selection of acute ischemic stroke patients for intra-arterial thrombolysis with pro-urokinase by using ASPECTS. Stroke. 2003; 34:1925–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, M D, Demchuk, A M, Tomsick, T A, Palesch, Y Y, Broderick, J P. Using the baseline CT scan to select acute stroke patients for IV-IA therapy. Am J Neuroradiol. 2006; 27:1612–16.Google ScholarPubMed
Hill, M D, Demchuk, A M, Goyal, M, et al. IMS3 Investigators. Alberta Stroke Program early computed tomography score to select patients for endovascular treatment: Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS)-III Trial. Stroke. 2014; 45(2):444–9.Google Scholar
Whiteley, W N, Slot, K B, Fernandes, P, Sandercock, P, Wardlaw, J. Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 studies. Stroke. 2012; 43(11):2904–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henninger, N, Lin, E, Baker, S P, et al. Leukoaraiosis predicts poor 90-day outcome after acute large cerebral artery occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012; 33(6):525–31.Google Scholar
Orrison, W W Jr, Snyder, K V, Hopkins, L N, et al. Whole-brain dynamic CT angiography and perfusion imaging. Clin Radiol. 2011; 66:566–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gasparotti, R, Grassi, M, Mardighian, D, et al. Perfusion CT in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis: Predictive value of infarct core size on clinical outcome. Am J Neuroradiol. 2009; 30:722–7.Google Scholar
Bhatt, A, Vora, N A, Thomas, A J, et al. Lower pre-treatment cerebral blood volume increases hemorrhagic risks after intra-arterial revascularization in acute stroke. Neurosurgery. 2008; 63:874–9.Google Scholar
Liebeskind, D S, Tomsick, T A, Foster, L D, et al. IMS III Investigators. Collaterals at angiography and outcomes in the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial. Stroke. 2014;45(3):759–64.Google Scholar
Kidwell, C S, Chalela, J A, Saver, J L, et al. Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA. 2004; 292:1823–30.Google Scholar
Kakuda, W, Thijs, V N, Lansberg, M G, et al. DEFUSE Investigators. Clinical importance of microbleeds in patients receiving IV thrombolysis. Neurology. 2005; 65:1175–8.Google Scholar
Fiehler, J, Albers, G W, Boulanger, J M, et al. MR Stroke Group. Bleeding risk analysis in stroke imaging before thrombolysis. Stroke. 2007; 38:2738–44.Google ScholarPubMed
Soo, Y O, Siu, D Y, Abrigo, J, et al. Risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral microbleeds undergoing endovascular intervention. Stroke. 2012; 43(6):1532–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shi, Z S, Loh, Y, Liebeskind, D S, Saver, J L, et al. Leukoaraiosis predicts parenchymal hematoma after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2012; 43(7):1806–11.Google Scholar
del Zoppo, G J, von Kummer, R, Hamann, G F. Ischaemic damage of brain microvessels: inherent risks for thrombolytic treatment in stroke. JNNP. 1998; 65:1–9.Google Scholar
Warach, S, Latour, L L. Evidence of reperfusion injury, exacerbated by thrombolytic therapy, in human focal brain ischemia using a novel imaging marker of early blood–brain barrier disruption. Stroke. 2004; 35(suppl I):2659–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lansberg, M G, Thijs, V N, Bammer, R, et al. DEFUSE Investigators. Risk factors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA therapy for acute stroke. Stroke. 2007; 38:2275–8.Google Scholar
Singer, O C, Kurre, W, Humpich, M C, et al. MR Stroke Study Group Investigators. Risk assessment of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis using DWI-ASPECTS. Stroke. 2009; 40(8):2743–8.Google Scholar
Deguchi, I, Dembo, T, Fukuoka, T, et al. Usefulness of MRA-DWI mismatch in neuroendovascular therapy for acute cerebral infarction. Eur J Neurol. 2012; 19(1):114–20.Google Scholar
Yoon, W, Seo, J J, Kim, J K, et al. Contrast enhancement and contrast extravasation on computed tomography after intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2004; 35:876–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, J, Connolly, S, Feldmann, E, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Stroke. 2007; 38:2001–23.Google Scholar
Mokin, M, Kass-Hout, T, Kass-Hout, O, Zivadinov, R, Mehta, B. Blood pressure management and evolution of thrombolysis-associated intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012; 21(8):852–9.Google Scholar
Ko, Y, Park, J H, Yang, M H, et al. The significance of blood pressure variability for the development of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2010; 41:2512–18.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J N, Marrero, M, Masrur, S, et al. Management of thrombolysis-associated symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 2010; 67:965–9.Google Scholar
Mendelow, A D, Gregson, B A, Fernandes, H M, et al. STICH investigators. Early versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): A randomised trial. Lancet. 2005; 365:387–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A, Sittampalam, M, Barua, N, Mohd Nor, A. Case series of post-thrombolysis patients undergoing hemicraniectomy for malignant anterior circulation ischaemic stroke. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2011; 254569.Google Scholar
Alshekhlee, A, Horn, C, Jung, R, Alawi, A A, Cruz-Flores, S. In-hospital mortality in acute ischemic stroke treated with hemicraniectomy in US hospitals. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011; 20:196–201.Google Scholar
Fargen, K M, Hoh, B L, Fautheree, G L, et al. Aggressive intervention to treat a young woman with intracranial hemorrhage following unsuccessful intravenous thrombolysis for left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2011; 115:359–63.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×