Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of icons
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Acetazolamide
- 2 Alemtuzumab
- 3 Almotriptan
- 4 Alteplase
- 5 Amantadine
- 6 Amifampridine
- 7 Amitriptyline
- 8 Apixaban
- 9 Apomorphine
- 10 Aprepitant
- 11 Aripiprazole
- 12 Armodafinil
- 13 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- 14 Azathioprine
- 15 Baclofen
- 16 Benztropine
- 17 Bevacizumab
- 18 Botulinum Toxin Type A
- 19 Botulinum Toxin Type B
- 20 Bromocriptine
- 21 Bupropion
- 22 Carbamazepine
- 23 Carisoprodol
- 24 Carmustine
- 25 Chlorpromazine
- 26 Citalopram
- 27 Clobazam
- 28 Clonazepam
- 29 Clonidine
- 30 Clopidogrel
- 31 Clozapine
- 32 Corticotropin
- 33 Cyclobenzaprine
- 34 Cyclophosphamide
- 35 Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
- 36 Cyproheptadine
- 37 Dabigatran Etexilate
- 38 Dalfampridine
- 39 Dantrolene
- 40 Desvenlafaxine
- 41 Dexamethasone
- 42 Dextromethorphan/Quinidine
- 43 Diazepam
- 44 Diclofenac
- 45 Dihydroergotamine
- 46 Dimethyl Fumarate
- 47 Dipyridamole and Aspirin
- 48 Donepezil
- 49 Droperidol
- 50 Droxidopa
- 51 Duloxetine
- 52 Edoxaban
- 53 Edrophonium
- 54 Eletriptan
- 55 Entacapone
- 56 Escitalopram
- 57 Eslicarbazepine Acetate
- 58 Ethosuximide
- 59 Everolimus
- 60 Ezogabine
- 61 Felbamate
- 62 Fingolimod
- 63 Flunarizine
- 64 Frovatriptan
- 65 Gabapentin
- 66 Galantamine
- 67 Glatiramer Acetate
- 68 Guanfacine
- 69 Haloperidol
- 70 Heparin
- 71 Indomethacin
- 72 Interferon-Β
- 73 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Ivig)
- 74 Lacosamide
- 75 Lamotrigine
- 76 Levetiracetam
- 77 Levodopa and Carbidopa
- 78 Levomilnacipran
- 79 Lidocaine
- 80 Lithium
- 81 Mannitol
- 82 Meclizine
- 83 Memantine
- 84 Metaxalone
- 85 Methocarbamol
- 86 Methotrexate
- 87 Methylergonovine
- 88 Metoclopramide
- 89 Mexiletine
- 90 Milnacipran
- 91 Mirtazapine
- 92 Mitoxantrone
- 93 Modafinil
- 94 Mycophenolate Mofetil
- 95 Nabiximols
- 96 Naratriptan
- 97 Natalizumab
- 98 Netupitant/Palonosetron
- 99 Nimodipine
- 100 Nortriptyline
- 101 Olanzapine
- 102 Ondansetron
- 103 Oxcarbazepine
- 104 Penicillamine
- 105 Perampanel
- 106 Phenobarbital
- 107 Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
- 108 Pizotifen
- 109 Pramipexole
- 110 Prednisone
- 111 Pregabalin
- 112 Primidone
- 113 Prochlorperazine
- 114 Promethazine
- 115 Propranolol
- 116 Pyridostigmine
- 117 Quetiapine
- 118 Quinine Sulfate
- 119 Ramelteon
- 120 Rasagiline
- 121 Reserpine
- 122 Riluzole
- 123 Rituximab
- 124 Rivaroxaban
- 125 Rivastigmine
- 126 Rizatriptan
- 127 Ropinirole
- 128 Rotigotine Transdermal System
- 129 Rufinamide
- 130 Selegiline
- 131 Sodium Oxybate
- 132 Sumatriptan
- 133 Suvorexant
- 134 Tasimelteon
- 135 Temozolomide
- 136 Teriflunomide
- 137 Tetrabenazine
- 138 Tiagabine
- 139 Timolol
- 140 Tizanidine
- 141 Topiramate
- 142 Trientine Hydrochloride
- 143 Trihexyphenidyl
- 144 Valproic Acid
- 145 Venlafaxine
- 146 Verapamil
- 147 Vigabatrin
- 148 Vilazodone
- 149 Vortioxetine Hydrobromide
- 150 Warfarin
- 151 Zolmitriptan
- 152 Zonisamide
- List of Abbreviations
- Index by Drug Name
- Index by Use
- Index by Class
1 - Acetazolamide
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 October 2020
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of icons
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Acetazolamide
- 2 Alemtuzumab
- 3 Almotriptan
- 4 Alteplase
- 5 Amantadine
- 6 Amifampridine
- 7 Amitriptyline
- 8 Apixaban
- 9 Apomorphine
- 10 Aprepitant
- 11 Aripiprazole
- 12 Armodafinil
- 13 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- 14 Azathioprine
- 15 Baclofen
- 16 Benztropine
- 17 Bevacizumab
- 18 Botulinum Toxin Type A
- 19 Botulinum Toxin Type B
- 20 Bromocriptine
- 21 Bupropion
- 22 Carbamazepine
- 23 Carisoprodol
- 24 Carmustine
- 25 Chlorpromazine
- 26 Citalopram
- 27 Clobazam
- 28 Clonazepam
- 29 Clonidine
- 30 Clopidogrel
- 31 Clozapine
- 32 Corticotropin
- 33 Cyclobenzaprine
- 34 Cyclophosphamide
- 35 Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
- 36 Cyproheptadine
- 37 Dabigatran Etexilate
- 38 Dalfampridine
- 39 Dantrolene
- 40 Desvenlafaxine
- 41 Dexamethasone
- 42 Dextromethorphan/Quinidine
- 43 Diazepam
- 44 Diclofenac
- 45 Dihydroergotamine
- 46 Dimethyl Fumarate
- 47 Dipyridamole and Aspirin
- 48 Donepezil
- 49 Droperidol
- 50 Droxidopa
- 51 Duloxetine
- 52 Edoxaban
- 53 Edrophonium
- 54 Eletriptan
- 55 Entacapone
- 56 Escitalopram
- 57 Eslicarbazepine Acetate
- 58 Ethosuximide
- 59 Everolimus
- 60 Ezogabine
- 61 Felbamate
- 62 Fingolimod
- 63 Flunarizine
- 64 Frovatriptan
- 65 Gabapentin
- 66 Galantamine
- 67 Glatiramer Acetate
- 68 Guanfacine
- 69 Haloperidol
- 70 Heparin
- 71 Indomethacin
- 72 Interferon-Β
- 73 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Ivig)
- 74 Lacosamide
- 75 Lamotrigine
- 76 Levetiracetam
- 77 Levodopa and Carbidopa
- 78 Levomilnacipran
- 79 Lidocaine
- 80 Lithium
- 81 Mannitol
- 82 Meclizine
- 83 Memantine
- 84 Metaxalone
- 85 Methocarbamol
- 86 Methotrexate
- 87 Methylergonovine
- 88 Metoclopramide
- 89 Mexiletine
- 90 Milnacipran
- 91 Mirtazapine
- 92 Mitoxantrone
- 93 Modafinil
- 94 Mycophenolate Mofetil
- 95 Nabiximols
- 96 Naratriptan
- 97 Natalizumab
- 98 Netupitant/Palonosetron
- 99 Nimodipine
- 100 Nortriptyline
- 101 Olanzapine
- 102 Ondansetron
- 103 Oxcarbazepine
- 104 Penicillamine
- 105 Perampanel
- 106 Phenobarbital
- 107 Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
- 108 Pizotifen
- 109 Pramipexole
- 110 Prednisone
- 111 Pregabalin
- 112 Primidone
- 113 Prochlorperazine
- 114 Promethazine
- 115 Propranolol
- 116 Pyridostigmine
- 117 Quetiapine
- 118 Quinine Sulfate
- 119 Ramelteon
- 120 Rasagiline
- 121 Reserpine
- 122 Riluzole
- 123 Rituximab
- 124 Rivaroxaban
- 125 Rivastigmine
- 126 Rizatriptan
- 127 Ropinirole
- 128 Rotigotine Transdermal System
- 129 Rufinamide
- 130 Selegiline
- 131 Sodium Oxybate
- 132 Sumatriptan
- 133 Suvorexant
- 134 Tasimelteon
- 135 Temozolomide
- 136 Teriflunomide
- 137 Tetrabenazine
- 138 Tiagabine
- 139 Timolol
- 140 Tizanidine
- 141 Topiramate
- 142 Trientine Hydrochloride
- 143 Trihexyphenidyl
- 144 Valproic Acid
- 145 Venlafaxine
- 146 Verapamil
- 147 Vigabatrin
- 148 Vilazodone
- 149 Vortioxetine Hydrobromide
- 150 Warfarin
- 151 Zolmitriptan
- 152 Zonisamide
- List of Abbreviations
- Index by Drug Name
- Index by Use
- Index by Class
Summary
THERAPEUTICS
Brands
• Diamox, Diamox-Sequels, Azomid, AZM,Dazamide, Novo-Zolamide
Generic?
• Yes
Class
• Antiepileptic drug (AED)
Commonly Prescribed for
(FDA approved in bold)
• Adjunctive treatment for centrencephalic epilepsies (petit mal, unlocalized)
• Acute mountain sickness
• Edema due to congestive heart failure or medication
• Glaucoma
• Adjunctive treatment for generalized tonicclonic and partial seizures
• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (pseudotumor cerebrii)
• Episodic ataxias type 1 and 2
• Hemiplegic migraine
• Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
• Marfan syndrome
• Sleep apnea
How the Drug Works
• Blocks the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, which is responsible for converting carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate. This increases excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water, producing alkaline diuresis. In epilepsy, it decreases excessive neuronal discharge in CNS due to either slight degree of acidosis or perhaps reduction of extracellular calcium. It also reduces production of CSF and aqueous humor
How Long Until It Works
• Seizures: within a few days
• IIH: maximum benefit in 4–6 weeks
If It Works
• Seizures: goal is the remission of seizures. Continue as long as effective and well tolerated. Consider tapering and slowly stopping after 2 years seizure-free, depending on the type of epilepsy
• IIH: monitor visual fields and papilledema and symptoms such as visual obscurations and headache
If It Doesn't Work
• Increase to highest tolerated dose
• Seizures: consider changing to another agent, adding a second agent, using a medical device, or a referral for epilepsy surgery evaluation. When adding a second agent, keep drug interactions in mind
• IIH: eliminate symptomatic causes such as drugs or toxins, encourage weight loss if patient is obese, consider loop diuretics or topiramate. Lumbar puncture often provides short-term relief of symptoms. For visual loss, optic nerve defenestration or CSF shunting (lumboperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal) may be needed
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Essential NeuropharmacologyThe Prescriber's Guide, pp. 1 - 4Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015