This Appendix provides background on the qualitative research, which included semi-structured interviews with food bank users. It considers data collection, sampling, data analysis and ethical issues related to this work.

Data collection

Semi-structured interviews provide an effective method to ascertain the reasons and motivations for attitudes and opinions (Keats, 2000: 72). The interviews were used to gather data on different themes related to the experience of food poverty. Open questions were designed to allow the respondents freedom in their responses, while providing adaptability, so that responses could be developed and clarified, as necessary (Keats, 2000: 35).

Interview topics included why users needed food assistance, their experience of food poverty and how they envisaged their situation might be improved. Different pathways into food poverty were identified, by enquiring why respondents needed food aid. The study investigated how each participant managed financial hardship and overcame daily challenges in their lives. While the interviews probed the resilience of respondents, they also explored the limitations of this strength, by asking about critical pressure points and stressful events. Participants described a range of situations, including special occasions (such as Christmas) and the stress caused by uncertainty of food access. The study also investigated issues related to social exclusion, social relationships and the role of social supports provided by family, friends and community. As an important part of users’ experiences, it also explored the shame, stigma and humiliation that may be associated with asking for food aid. The interviews also sought to understand how respondents felt their situation could be improved, so that they would not need to seek food aid.

All the interviews were recorded with the approval of respondents. The accurately preserved personal stories gave voice to the experience of food poverty. The recordings also ensured that the data were available for external scrutiny or re-analysis, as required.

Sampling

In order to identify a sample of suitable respondents, contact was initiated with a number of food charities, including providers of hot meals and food parcels. Crosscare, a charity which provides food aid at five food banks in the Dublin area, facilitated semi-structured, confidential interviews at their premises.