Images of Haitians being herded and threatened with a whipping by horse reins as they exit the Rio Grande River, of vast camps of political refugees, of bodies floating to the shores of Greek islands, of caravans on the move, of victims of gang violence, drought, famine and displacement from major weather events in too many places in the world to name, are all spectacles of suffering journalists bring to the Global North civic spheres. Why these globally distributed images and not where these bodies began their voyages? How many decisions do journalists make about these subjects when addressing their implied audience and how many other understandings of the subjects’ own experience are not able to pass through the narrow opening of the scenes that are presented? Meanwhile, other ghosts of undecidables in acts of journalism haunt the reported speech of unhoused have-nots and the have-less working poor in wealthy cities as they find their way into local dialogue about their place in the urban commons without being recognized as the implied audiences of stories about them. In this chapter, I focus on this topic as a second example of how journalism covers stories of social exclusion and how inequality is misrecognized in the way mainstream acts of journalism write the emotional, moral and rational orientations of haves toward have-nots in a selection of US and Canadian cities.

According to Boltanski (1999) reports of suffering from far-away or up-close are both experienced as distant forms of suffering in acts of journalism. Following Hannah Arendt’s argument that, unlike the American Revolution, the French Revolution focused less on liberty and more on equality means that a general emphasis is on resolving the contradiction between those who have more and those who have less.