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2 - From Existential Despair to Collective Jubilation: César Vallejo’s Materialist Poetics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2023

Daniel Sacilotto
Affiliation:
California Institute of the Arts
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Summary

Hay un timbre humano, un sabor vital y de subsuelo que contiene a la vez la corteza indígena y el sustrátum común a todos los hombres, al cual propende el artista, a través de no importa que disciplinas, teorías o procesos creadores. […] A ese rasgo de hombría y de pureza conmino a mi generación.

—César Vallejo, Contra el secreto profesional: A propósito de Pablo Abril de Vivero, 1987.

Introduction: Vallejo’s Universalist Poetics and the Question of Indigenismo

As we saw in the previous chapter, José Carlos Mariátegui lauds César Vallejo’s first two poetic collections for having forged a new lyrical style within an emerging intellectual avant-garde, capturing with unprecedented authenticity the rural Indigenous sentiment and spirit. Such was the nascent role of indigenismo during the “cosmopolitan period” of Peruvian history, defined by its experimental tendencies, which broke with the dependency on Spanish and colonial aesthetic forms. Following Antenor Orrego’s verdict, Mariátegui affirmed Vallejo’s “poetic liberty” and “the triumph of the vernacular in writing” against the ornamental excesses of colonial literature, in which the voice of the rural Indian was first rendered legible.

For Mariátegui, Vallejo’s works attest to the emergence of a “genuine Americanism,” pointing to the Indigenous literature to come, beyond the representations of the rural Indian provided by the urban mestizo:

Vallejo is a poet of race. In Vallejo, for the first time in our history, Indigenous sentiment is given pristine expression. […] But the Indian is the fundamental, characteristic feature of his art. In Vallejo there is a genuine Americanism, not a descriptive or local Americanism. Vallejo does not exploit folklore. Quechua words and popular expressions are not artificially introduced into his language; they are spontaneous and an integral part of his writing. It might be said that Vallejo does not choose his vocabulary. He is not deliberately autochthonous. He does not delve into tradition and history in order to extract obscure emotions from its dark substratum. His poetry and language emanate from his flesh and spirit; he embodies his message. Indigenous sentiment operates in his art perhaps without his knowledge or desire.

Type
Chapter
Information
Universality and Utopia
The 20th Century Indigenista Peruvian Tradition
, pp. 67 - 112
Publisher: Anthem Press
Print publication year: 2023

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