Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Map
- Introduction
- Before the Troubadours (950–1100)
- Spring (1100–1150)
- Summer (1150–1200)
- Fall (1200–1250)
- Winter (1250–1300)
- Aftermath (1300–1350)
- Sources for the Texts and Lives of the Troubadours
- Music
- Works Cited
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- Index of First Lines
- Index of Authors
- Index of Terms
Fall (1200–1250)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 March 2023
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Map
- Introduction
- Before the Troubadours (950–1100)
- Spring (1100–1150)
- Summer (1150–1200)
- Fall (1200–1250)
- Winter (1250–1300)
- Aftermath (1300–1350)
- Sources for the Texts and Lives of the Troubadours
- Music
- Works Cited
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- Index of First Lines
- Index of Authors
- Index of Terms
Summary
With the turn of the century, the women poets, or trobairitz, became more active. They had appeared on the scene in the twelfth century with Azalais de Porcairagues and the brilliant Comtessa de Dia. Now in the thirteenth century Castelloza made known the depth of her suffering, and a number of other women, all of the nobility, practiced verse. Often they wrote as a social amusement in the genres that use dialogue, the tensó and the partimen, or in independent stanzas called coblas. Relatively few poems by women survive, but those that do offer voices and perspectives that cannot be ignored. Because these poems have traditionally been overlooked or underrated, we have chosen to provide a generous representation of them.
Among the troubadours active in this period, Peire Cardenal was outstanding. A scathing critic of clerical abuses and a satirist of human foibles, Peire lived to be more than a hundred years old. During this time the troubadours and trobairitz extended their influence all across the Midi. Bernaut Arnaut and Lady Lombarda hailed from Gascony in the West, while Falquet de Romans and Tibors sang in Provence to the East. The Dordogne in the North was represented by such poets as Elias Carel, while Raimon de Miravel worked further south, in the area around Carcassonne. Poets in Catalonia were writing in Occitan; a planh (Poem 78) by an anonymous trobairitz emerged from that region. Occitan verse also flourished in Castile (Arnaldo and Alfonso X) and in Italy (Domna H. and Rofin, Lanfranc Cigala and Guilhelma de Rosers).
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- Troubadour Poems from the South of France , pp. 147 - 194Publisher: Boydell & BrewerPrint publication year: 2014