The map below appeared in one of the first printed works to be produced in Spanish Manila, Juan Cobo's Bian zhengjiao zhenchuan shilu 辨正教 真传实录 (Apology for the True Religion)—published in 1593—and was often referred to simply as the Shilu 实录. Produced on fragile rice paper, it survives in a single copy held by the Madrid's Biblioteca Nacional. Its author, Juan Cobo (1546/47–1592) was a Spanish Dominican friar trained at the Convent of Santo Tomas in the Castilian city of Ávila and at the University of Alcalá who arrived in the Philippines in 1588, to proselytize Manila's Sangleys, as the members of the resident Chinese population were known. Enjoying a reputation as a master of the Chinese language, albeit only among people who did not themselves speak Chinese, Cobo was responsible for several translations of religious and philosophical works from Spanish into Chinese and from Chinese into Spanish. Among them is the Shilu, a Chinese rendering of part of Fray Luis de Granada's Introduction to the Symbol of Faith (Introducción al símbolo de la fe; Salamanca, 1584), a significant work of Catholic apologetics written in response to the challenge posed by the Protestant Reformation. Anticipating the work of the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, Cobo mixes early modern science into his religious and philosophical stew, dealing briefly with astronomy, geography, botany, and zoology. The map appears in the fourth chapter and answers to the long-standing Chinese tradition of mapping the world as a square with China at the center.