Aaron, R. I. 1952. The Theory of Universals. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Aarsleff, Hans. 1964. “Leibniz on Locke on Language.”American Philosophical Quarterly 1: 165–88Google Scholar

Alston, William. 1964. The Philosophy of Language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1945. Basic Writings. 2 vols. Edited by Anton Pegis. New York: Random House

Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1970. Commentary on the Posterior Analytics. Translated by F. R. Larcher. New York: Magi Books

Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1993. Selected Philosophical Writings. Edited by T. McDermott. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Aristotle. 1984. The Complete Works of Aristotle. 2 vols. Edited by Jonathan Barnes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Aristotle. 1989. Prior Analytics. Translated by Robin Smith. Indianapolis: Hackett

Armstrong, D. M. 1978. Universals and Scientific Realism. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Armstrong,. 1989. Universals: An Opinionated Introduction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989

Armstrong,. 1991. “Arda Denkel's Resemblance Nominalism.”Philosophical Quarterly 41: 478–82CrossRef

Arnauld, Antoine. 1775. Oeuvres de Messire Antoine Arnauld. 43 vols. Paris: Sigismond D'Arnay

Arnauld, Antoine. 1990. On True and False Ideas. Translated by Stephen Gaukroger. Manchester: Manchester University Press

Arnauld, Antoine and Claude Lancelot. 1966. Grammaire générale et raisonnée, ou La Grammaire de Port-Royal. Edited by Herbert E. Brekle. Stuttgart: Friedrich Fromman Verlag

Arnauld, Antoine and Claude Lancelot. 1975. The Port-Royal Grammar. Translated and edited by Jacques Rieux and Bernard E. Rollin. Paris: Mouton

Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole. 1964. The Art of Thinking: Translated by James Dickoff and Patricia James. New York: Bobbs-Merrill

Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole. 1970. La Logique, ou L'art de Penser. Paris: Flammarion

Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole. 1996. Logic or the Art of Thinking. Translated and edited by Jill Vance Buroker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Ashworth, E. J. 1981. “Do Words Signify Ideas or Things?”Journal of the History of Philosophy 19: 299–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ashworth, E. J.. 1984. “Locke on Language.”Canadian Journal of Philosophy 14: 45–73CrossRef

Ashworth, E. J.. 1988. “The Historical Origins of John Poinsot's Treatise on Signs.”Semiotica 69: 129–47

Ashworth, E. J. 1990. “Domingo de Soto and the Doctrine of Signs.” In De Ortu Grammaticae, edited by G. L. Bursill-Hall, Sten Ebbesen, and Konrad Koerner. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

Augustine. 1958. On Christian Doctrine. Translated by D. W. Robertson. New York: Bobbs-Merrill

Augustine. 1975. De Dialectica. Translated by B. Darrell Jackson. Boston: D. Reidel

Augustine. 1991. The Trinity. Translated by Edmund Hill. New York: New City Press, 1991

Augustine. 1995. Against the Academicians and The Teacher. Translated by Peter King. Indianapolis: Hackett

Ayer, A. J. 1946. Language, Truth and Logic. New York: Dover

Ayers, M. R. 1975. “Introduction.” In George Berkeley: Philosophical Works, Including the Works on Vision, edited by M. R. Ayers. London: J. M. Dent

Ayers, M. R. 1981. “Locke Versus Aristotle on Natural Kinds.”Journal of Philosophy 78: 247–72CrossRef

Ayers, M. R. 1986. “Are Locke's ‘Ideas’ Images, Intentional Objects, or Natural Signs?”The Locke Newsletter 17: 3–36

Ayers, M. R. 1991. Locke: Epistemology and Ontology. London: Routledge

Ayers, M. R. 1997. “Review of the Cambridge Companion to Locke.”The Locke Newsletter 28: 157–89

Ayers, M. R. 1998a. “The Foundations of Knowledge and the Logic of Substance: the Structure of Locke's General Philosophy.” In Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Ayers, M. R. 1998b. “Ideas and Objective Being.” In The Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, edited by M. R. Ayers and Daniel Garber. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Baker, Lynne Rudder. 1989. “Instrumental Intentionality.”Philosophy of Science 56, 2: 303–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Behan, David. 2000. “Descartes and Formal Signs.” In Descartes' Natural Philosophy, edited by Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, and John Sutton. London: Routledge

Bennett, Jonathan. 1971. Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Berkeley, George. 1949–58. The Works of George Berkeley. 8 vols. Edited by A. A. Luce and T. E. Jessop. London: Thomas Nelson

Berkeley, George. 1987. Berkeley's Manuscript Introduction. Edited by Bertil Belfrage. Oxford: Doxa

Blackburn, Simon. 1984. Spreading the Word. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bolton, Martha. 1998a. “The Relevance of Locke's Theory of Ideas to his Doctrine of Nominal Essence and Anti-essentialist Semantic Theory.” In Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bolton, Martha. 1998b. “Universals, Essences, and Abstract Entities.” In The Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, edited by M. R. Ayers and Daniel Garber. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Burnyeat, Myles F. 1982. “The Origins of Non-Deductive Inference.” In Science and Speculation: Studies in Hellenistic Theory and Practice, edited by Jonathan Barnes, Jacques Brunschwig, Myles Burnyeat, and Malcolm Schofield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Buroker, Jill Vance. 1993. “The Port-Royal Semantics of Terms.”Synthese 96, 3: 455–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cajetan (Cardinal Thomas de Vio). 1953. The Analogy of Names. Translated by E. A. Bushinski. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press

Coimbran Commentators. 1976. Commentarii Conimbricenses in dialecticam Aristotelis (1607). Reprinted by Hildesheim: G. Olms

Crane, Tim. 1995. The Mechanical Mind. London: Penguin

Cummins, Robert. 1989. Meaning and Mental Representation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Denkel, Arda. 1989. “Real Resemblances.”Philosophical Quarterly 39: 36–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Descartes, René. 1984. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Vols. 1 and 2, edited by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch; vol. 3, edited by Cottingham, Stoothoff, Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny. New York: Cambridge University Press

Digby, Sir Kenelm. 1657. Two Treatises: in the one of which, the nature of bodies, in the other the nature of mans soule is looked into: in way of discovery of the immortality of reasonable soules. London

Donagan, Alan. 1971. “Universals and Metaphysical Realism.” In The Problem of Universals, edited by C. Landesman. New York: Basic Books

Doney, Willis. 1956. “Locke's Abstract Ideas.”Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 16, 3: 406–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doyle, John P. 1984. “The Conimbricenses on the Relations Involved in Signs.” In Semiotica, edited by John Deeley. New York: University Press

Dretske, Fred. 1990. “Misrepresentation.” In Mind and Cognition, edited by William G. Lycan. Oxford: Blackwell

Evans, Gareth. 1982. The Varieties of Reference. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Ferguson, Sally. 2001. “Lockian Teleosemantics.”Locke Studies 1: 105–10Google Scholar

Flew, Antony. 1993. “Was Berkeley a Precursor of Wittgenstein?” In Alciphron: In Focus, edited by David Berman. London: Routledge

Fodor, Jerry. 1984. “Semantics, Wisconsin Style.”Synthese 59: 231–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fodor, Jerry. 1987. Psychosemantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Frege, Gottlob. 1950. The Foundations of Arithmetic. Translated by J. L. Austin. Evanston: Northwestern University Press

Frege, Gottlob. 1959. Collected Papers on Mathematics, Logic, and Philosophy. Translated by Max Black. Oxford: Blackwell

Frege, Gottlob. 1977. Logical Investigations. Translated by P. T. Geach and R. H. Stoothoff. New Haven: Yale University Press

Frege, Gottlob. 1980. Translations From the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Edited by Peter Geach and Max Black. 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell

Frege, Gottlob. 1997. The Frege Reader. Edited by Michael Beaney. London: Blackwell

Gassendi, Pierre. 1972. The Selected Works of Pierre Gassendi. Edited by Craig Brush. New York: Johnson

Geach, Peter. 1957. Mental Acts. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul

Geach, Peter. 1961. “Frege.” In Geach and G. E. M. Anscombe, Three Philosophers. London: Blackwell

Geach, Peter. 1980. Reference and Generality. Ithaca: Cornell University Press

Gilson, Etienne. 1956. The Christian Philosophy of Thomas St. Aquinas. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press

Grice, H. P. 1957. “Meaning.”Philosophical Review 66: 377–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guyer, Paul. 1994. “Locke's Philosophy of Language.” In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hacking, Ian. 1975a. “The Identity of Indiscernibles.”Journal of Philosophy 72: 249–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hacking, Ian. 1975b. Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hanna, Robert. 1991. “How Ideas Became Meanings: Locke and the Foundations of Semantic Theory.”Review of Metaphysics: 44: 775–805Google Scholar

Harrison, John and Peter Laslett. 1971. The Library of John Locke. 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Hobbes, Thomas. 1839–45. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes. 11 vols. Edited by William Molesworth. London: Richards

Hobbes, Thomas. 1994. Human Nature and De Corpore. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Hume, David. 1978. A Treatise of Human Nature. Edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge, revised by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon

Hylton, Peter. 1984. “The Nature of the Proposition and the Revolt Against Idealism.” In Philosophy in History, edited by Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind, and Quentin Skinner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hylton, Peter. 1992. Russell, Idealism, and the Emergence of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Inwood, Brad and L. P. Gerson. 1988. Hellenistic Philosophy: Introductory Readings. Indianapolis: Hackett

Kant, Immanuel. 1958. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. K. Smith. London: Macmillan

Kant, Immanuel. 1974. Logic. Translated by Robert Hartmann and Wolfgang Schwartz. New York: Dover, 1974

Kenny, Anthony. 1994. Frege. London: Penguin

Kretzmann, Norman. 1975. “The Main Thesis of Locke's Semantic Theory.” In Locke on Human Understanding, edited by I. C. Tipton. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Philosophical Review 77. First published in (1968): 175–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Land, Stephen K. 1986. The Philosophy of Language in Britain. New York: AMS Press

Landesman, Charles. 1976. “Locke's Theory of Meaning.”Journal of the History of Philosophy 14: 23–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, Henry. 1702. Anti-skepticism: or notes upon each chapter of Mr. Locke's Essay

Leibniz, G. W. 1996. New Essays on Human Understanding. Translated and edited by Jonathan Bennett and Peter Remnant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Levin, Michael E. 1971. “Length Relativity.”Journal of Philosophy 68, 6: 164–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Locke, John. 1812. The Works of John Locke. 11th edn. 10 vols. London: Otridge et al

Locke, John. 1975. An Essay concerning Human Understanding. Edited by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon

Long, A. A. and D. N. Sedley. 1987. The Hellenistic Philosophers. 2 vols. New York: Cambridge University Press

Losonsky, Michael. 1994. “Locke on Meaning and Signification.” In Locke's Philosophy: Content and Context, edited by G. A. J. Rogers. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Loux, Michael. 1978. Substance and Attribute. Dordrecht: Reidel

Lovejoy, Arthur O. 1907. “Kant's Classification of the Forms of Judgment.”Philosophical Review 16: 588–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lowe, E. J. 1995. Locke on Human Understanding. London: Routledge

Lowe, E. J. 2000. “Locke, Martin, and Substance.”Philosophical Quarterly 50: 499–514CrossRef

MacDonald, Scott. 1993. “Theory of Knowledge.” In The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas, edited by N. Kretzmann and E. Stump. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

MacIntyre, Alasdair. 1999. Dependent Rational Animals. Chicago: Open Court

Mackie, J. L. 1974. “Locke's Anticipation of Kripke.”Analysis 34: 177–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mackie, J. L. 1976. Problems from Locke. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Markus, R. A. 1957. “St. Augustine on Signs.”Phronesis 2: 60–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Martin, C. B. 1980. “Substance Substantiated.”Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, 1: 3–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mattern, Ruth. 1998. “Locke: ‘Our Knowledge, which All Consists in Propositions.’” In Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Mattey, G. J. 1986. “Kant's Theory of Propositional Attitudes.”Kant-Studien 77, 4: 423–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Matthews, H. E. 1971. “Locke, Malebranche, and the Representative Theory.”The Locke Newsletter 2: 12–21Google Scholar

McCann, Edwin. 1994. “Locke's Philosophy of Body.” In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

McCracken, Charles J. 1983. Malebranche and British Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Mill, J. S. 1867. A System of Logic. New York: Harper

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1980. Late Scholastic and Humanist Theories of the Proposition. New York: North Holland

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1983. Judgment and Proposition from Descartes to Kant. New York: North Holland

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1986. “The Historical Background to Locke's Account of Particles.”Logique et Analyse 29: 53–71

Ott, W. 1997. “Locke and the Scholastics on Theological Discourse.”The Locke Newsletter 28: 51–66Google Scholar

Ott, W. 1999. “Locke and the Idea of God: A Reply to Vivienne Brown.”The Locke Newsletter 30: 67–71

Ott, W. 2002a. “Locke's Argument from Signification.”Locke Studies 2: 145–14

Ott, W. 2002b. “Propositional Attitudes in Modern Philosophy.”Dialogue 41: 1–18

Ott, W. 2002c. “Locke and Signification.”Journal of Philosophical Research 27: 449–44CrossRef

Owen, David. “Locke and Hume on Belief, Judgment, and Assent.” Forthcoming, Topoi

Panza, Christopher. “Partial Consideration, Mental Separation, and General Reference.” Forthcoming

Philodemus. 1941. De Signis. Translated by W. and D. De Lacey. Philadelphia: American Philological Association

Poinsot, John (John of St. Thomas). 1995. Tractatus de Signis. Translated and edited by John Deely. Berkeley: University of California Press

Putnam, Hilary. 1973. “Meaning and Reference.”Journal of Philosophy 70, 19: 699–711CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Putnam, Hilary. 1975. Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2. New York: Cambridge University Press

Quine, Willard Van Orman. 1969. Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press

Quintilian. 1920. Institutio Oratoria. Translated by H. E. Butler. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Robinson, Richard. 1950. Definition. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Russell, Bertrand. 1912. The Problems of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Russell, Bertrand. 1937a. The Philosophy of Leibniz. London: Allen and Unwin

Russell, Bertrand. 1937b. Principles of Mathematics. London: Allen and Unwin

Russell, Bertrand. 1948. Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits. New York: Simon and Schuster

Russell, Bertrand. 1983. The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell. 8 vols. Edited by Elisabeth Eames and Kenneth Blackwell. London: Allen and Unwin

Russell, Bertrand. 1992. Logic and Knowledge. London: Routledge

Searle, John. 1987. “Indeterminacy, Empiricism, and the First Person.”Journal of Philosophy 84, 3: 123–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sedley, David. 1982. “On Signs.” In Science and Speculation: Studies in Hellenistic Theory and Practice, edited by Jonathan Barnes, Jacques Brunschwig, Myles Burnyeat, and Malcolm Schofield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Sellars, Wilfrid. 1963. “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind.” In Science, Perception, and Reality. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview Publishing Company

Sergeant, John. 1984. Solid Philosophy Asserted Against the Fancies of the Ideists. New York: Garland

Shoemaker, Sydney. 1982. “The Inverted Spectrum.”Journal of Philosophy 79, 7: 357–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Skorupski, John. 1989. John Stuart Mill. London: Routledge

Soles, David E. 1998. “Locke on Ideas, Words, and Knowledge.”Revue International de Philosophie 42: 150–15Google Scholar

Soles, David E. 1999. “Is Locke an Imagist?”The Locke Newsletter 30: 17–66

Spencer, Thomas. 1628. The Art of Logic. London. Scolar Press facsimile

Stillingfleet, Edward. 1697. A Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity: with an Answer to the Late Socinian Objections against it from Scripture, Antiquity and Reason. London

Swing, Thomas K. 1969. Kant's Transcendental Logic. New Haven: Yale University Press

Taylor, C. C. W. 1978. “Berkeley's Theory of Abstract Ideas.”Philosophical Quarterly 28, 111: 1–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thalberg, Irving. 1981. “The Discovery of Nonsense.” In Midwest Studies in Philosophy 6, edited by Peter French, Theodore Uehling, and Howard Wettstein. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press

Urmson, J. O. 1967. Philosophical Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Walmsley, Jonathan. 1999. “Locke on Abstraction: A Response to M. R. Ayers.”British Journal for the History of Philosophy 7: 123–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weidemann, H. 1989. “Aristotle on Inferences from Signs.”Phronesis 34: 343–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Winkler, Kenneth. 1989. Berkeley: An Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Wisdom, John. 1931–3. “Logical Constructions Ⅰ–Ⅴ.”Mind40–2Google Scholar

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1953. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. New York: Macmillan

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1958. The Blue and Brown Books. Translated by Rush Rhees. London: Blackwell

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1974. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Translated by D. F. Pears and Brian McGuinness. London: Routledge

Woolhouse, Roger. 1972. Locke's Philosophy of Science and Knowledge. New York: Barnes and Noble

Woozley, A. D. 1964. “Introduction.” In Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, edited by Woozley. New York: Meridian

Woozley, A. D. 1976. “Berkeley's Doctrine of Notions and Theory of Meaning.”Journal of the History of Philosophy 14: 427–42CrossRef

Yolton, John. 1968. John Locke and the Way of Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968

Yolton, John. 1970. Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Yolton, John. 1984. Perceptual Acquaintance from Descartes to Reid. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Yolton, John. 2000. “Response to My Fellow Symposiasts.” In Descartes' Natural Philosophy, edited by Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, and John Sutton. London: Routledge

Zemach, Eddy. 1976. “Putnam's Theory on the Reference of Substance Terms.”Journal of Philosophy 73, 5: 116–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aaron, R. I. 1952. The Theory of Universals. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Aarsleff, Hans. 1964. “Leibniz on Locke on Language.”American Philosophical Quarterly 1: 165–88Google Scholar

Alston, William. 1964. The Philosophy of Language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1945. Basic Writings. 2 vols. Edited by Anton Pegis. New York: Random House

Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1970. Commentary on the Posterior Analytics. Translated by F. R. Larcher. New York: Magi Books

Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1993. Selected Philosophical Writings. Edited by T. McDermott. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Aristotle. 1984. The Complete Works of Aristotle. 2 vols. Edited by Jonathan Barnes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Aristotle. 1989. Prior Analytics. Translated by Robin Smith. Indianapolis: Hackett

Armstrong, D. M. 1978. Universals and Scientific Realism. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Armstrong,. 1989. Universals: An Opinionated Introduction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989

Armstrong,. 1991. “Arda Denkel's Resemblance Nominalism.”Philosophical Quarterly 41: 478–82CrossRef

Arnauld, Antoine. 1775. Oeuvres de Messire Antoine Arnauld. 43 vols. Paris: Sigismond D'Arnay

Arnauld, Antoine. 1990. On True and False Ideas. Translated by Stephen Gaukroger. Manchester: Manchester University Press

Arnauld, Antoine and Claude Lancelot. 1966. Grammaire générale et raisonnée, ou La Grammaire de Port-Royal. Edited by Herbert E. Brekle. Stuttgart: Friedrich Fromman Verlag

Arnauld, Antoine and Claude Lancelot. 1975. The Port-Royal Grammar. Translated and edited by Jacques Rieux and Bernard E. Rollin. Paris: Mouton

Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole. 1964. The Art of Thinking: Translated by James Dickoff and Patricia James. New York: Bobbs-Merrill

Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole. 1970. La Logique, ou L'art de Penser. Paris: Flammarion

Arnauld, Antoine and Pierre Nicole. 1996. Logic or the Art of Thinking. Translated and edited by Jill Vance Buroker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Ashworth, E. J. 1981. “Do Words Signify Ideas or Things?”Journal of the History of Philosophy 19: 299–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ashworth, E. J.. 1984. “Locke on Language.”Canadian Journal of Philosophy 14: 45–73CrossRef

Ashworth, E. J.. 1988. “The Historical Origins of John Poinsot's Treatise on Signs.”Semiotica 69: 129–47

Ashworth, E. J. 1990. “Domingo de Soto and the Doctrine of Signs.” In De Ortu Grammaticae, edited by G. L. Bursill-Hall, Sten Ebbesen, and Konrad Koerner. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

Augustine. 1958. On Christian Doctrine. Translated by D. W. Robertson. New York: Bobbs-Merrill

Augustine. 1975. De Dialectica. Translated by B. Darrell Jackson. Boston: D. Reidel

Augustine. 1991. The Trinity. Translated by Edmund Hill. New York: New City Press, 1991

Augustine. 1995. Against the Academicians and The Teacher. Translated by Peter King. Indianapolis: Hackett

Ayer, A. J. 1946. Language, Truth and Logic. New York: Dover

Ayers, M. R. 1975. “Introduction.” In George Berkeley: Philosophical Works, Including the Works on Vision, edited by M. R. Ayers. London: J. M. Dent

Ayers, M. R. 1981. “Locke Versus Aristotle on Natural Kinds.”Journal of Philosophy 78: 247–72CrossRef

Ayers, M. R. 1986. “Are Locke's ‘Ideas’ Images, Intentional Objects, or Natural Signs?”The Locke Newsletter 17: 3–36

Ayers, M. R. 1991. Locke: Epistemology and Ontology. London: Routledge

Ayers, M. R. 1997. “Review of the Cambridge Companion to Locke.”The Locke Newsletter 28: 157–89

Ayers, M. R. 1998a. “The Foundations of Knowledge and the Logic of Substance: the Structure of Locke's General Philosophy.” In Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Ayers, M. R. 1998b. “Ideas and Objective Being.” In The Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, edited by M. R. Ayers and Daniel Garber. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Baker, Lynne Rudder. 1989. “Instrumental Intentionality.”Philosophy of Science 56, 2: 303–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Behan, David. 2000. “Descartes and Formal Signs.” In Descartes' Natural Philosophy, edited by Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, and John Sutton. London: Routledge

Bennett, Jonathan. 1971. Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Berkeley, George. 1949–58. The Works of George Berkeley. 8 vols. Edited by A. A. Luce and T. E. Jessop. London: Thomas Nelson

Berkeley, George. 1987. Berkeley's Manuscript Introduction. Edited by Bertil Belfrage. Oxford: Doxa

Blackburn, Simon. 1984. Spreading the Word. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bolton, Martha. 1998a. “The Relevance of Locke's Theory of Ideas to his Doctrine of Nominal Essence and Anti-essentialist Semantic Theory.” In Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bolton, Martha. 1998b. “Universals, Essences, and Abstract Entities.” In The Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, edited by M. R. Ayers and Daniel Garber. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Burnyeat, Myles F. 1982. “The Origins of Non-Deductive Inference.” In Science and Speculation: Studies in Hellenistic Theory and Practice, edited by Jonathan Barnes, Jacques Brunschwig, Myles Burnyeat, and Malcolm Schofield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Buroker, Jill Vance. 1993. “The Port-Royal Semantics of Terms.”Synthese 96, 3: 455–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cajetan (Cardinal Thomas de Vio). 1953. The Analogy of Names. Translated by E. A. Bushinski. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press

Coimbran Commentators. 1976. Commentarii Conimbricenses in dialecticam Aristotelis (1607). Reprinted by Hildesheim: G. Olms

Crane, Tim. 1995. The Mechanical Mind. London: Penguin

Cummins, Robert. 1989. Meaning and Mental Representation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Denkel, Arda. 1989. “Real Resemblances.”Philosophical Quarterly 39: 36–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Descartes, René. 1984. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Vols. 1 and 2, edited by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch; vol. 3, edited by Cottingham, Stoothoff, Murdoch, and Anthony Kenny. New York: Cambridge University Press

Digby, Sir Kenelm. 1657. Two Treatises: in the one of which, the nature of bodies, in the other the nature of mans soule is looked into: in way of discovery of the immortality of reasonable soules. London

Donagan, Alan. 1971. “Universals and Metaphysical Realism.” In The Problem of Universals, edited by C. Landesman. New York: Basic Books

Doney, Willis. 1956. “Locke's Abstract Ideas.”Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 16, 3: 406–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doyle, John P. 1984. “The Conimbricenses on the Relations Involved in Signs.” In Semiotica, edited by John Deeley. New York: University Press

Dretske, Fred. 1990. “Misrepresentation.” In Mind and Cognition, edited by William G. Lycan. Oxford: Blackwell

Evans, Gareth. 1982. The Varieties of Reference. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Ferguson, Sally. 2001. “Lockian Teleosemantics.”Locke Studies 1: 105–10Google Scholar

Flew, Antony. 1993. “Was Berkeley a Precursor of Wittgenstein?” In Alciphron: In Focus, edited by David Berman. London: Routledge

Fodor, Jerry. 1984. “Semantics, Wisconsin Style.”Synthese 59: 231–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fodor, Jerry. 1987. Psychosemantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Frege, Gottlob. 1950. The Foundations of Arithmetic. Translated by J. L. Austin. Evanston: Northwestern University Press

Frege, Gottlob. 1959. Collected Papers on Mathematics, Logic, and Philosophy. Translated by Max Black. Oxford: Blackwell

Frege, Gottlob. 1977. Logical Investigations. Translated by P. T. Geach and R. H. Stoothoff. New Haven: Yale University Press

Frege, Gottlob. 1980. Translations From the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Edited by Peter Geach and Max Black. 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell

Frege, Gottlob. 1997. The Frege Reader. Edited by Michael Beaney. London: Blackwell

Gassendi, Pierre. 1972. The Selected Works of Pierre Gassendi. Edited by Craig Brush. New York: Johnson

Geach, Peter. 1957. Mental Acts. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul

Geach, Peter. 1961. “Frege.” In Geach and G. E. M. Anscombe, Three Philosophers. London: Blackwell

Geach, Peter. 1980. Reference and Generality. Ithaca: Cornell University Press

Gilson, Etienne. 1956. The Christian Philosophy of Thomas St. Aquinas. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press

Grice, H. P. 1957. “Meaning.”Philosophical Review 66: 377–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guyer, Paul. 1994. “Locke's Philosophy of Language.” In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hacking, Ian. 1975a. “The Identity of Indiscernibles.”Journal of Philosophy 72: 249–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hacking, Ian. 1975b. Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hanna, Robert. 1991. “How Ideas Became Meanings: Locke and the Foundations of Semantic Theory.”Review of Metaphysics: 44: 775–805Google Scholar

Harrison, John and Peter Laslett. 1971. The Library of John Locke. 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Hobbes, Thomas. 1839–45. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes. 11 vols. Edited by William Molesworth. London: Richards

Hobbes, Thomas. 1994. Human Nature and De Corpore. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Hume, David. 1978. A Treatise of Human Nature. Edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge, revised by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon

Hylton, Peter. 1984. “The Nature of the Proposition and the Revolt Against Idealism.” In Philosophy in History, edited by Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind, and Quentin Skinner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hylton, Peter. 1992. Russell, Idealism, and the Emergence of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Inwood, Brad and L. P. Gerson. 1988. Hellenistic Philosophy: Introductory Readings. Indianapolis: Hackett

Kant, Immanuel. 1958. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. K. Smith. London: Macmillan

Kant, Immanuel. 1974. Logic. Translated by Robert Hartmann and Wolfgang Schwartz. New York: Dover, 1974

Kenny, Anthony. 1994. Frege. London: Penguin

Kretzmann, Norman. 1975. “The Main Thesis of Locke's Semantic Theory.” In Locke on Human Understanding, edited by I. C. Tipton. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Philosophical Review 77. First published in (1968): 175–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Land, Stephen K. 1986. The Philosophy of Language in Britain. New York: AMS Press

Landesman, Charles. 1976. “Locke's Theory of Meaning.”Journal of the History of Philosophy 14: 23–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, Henry. 1702. Anti-skepticism: or notes upon each chapter of Mr. Locke's Essay

Leibniz, G. W. 1996. New Essays on Human Understanding. Translated and edited by Jonathan Bennett and Peter Remnant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Levin, Michael E. 1971. “Length Relativity.”Journal of Philosophy 68, 6: 164–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Locke, John. 1812. The Works of John Locke. 11th edn. 10 vols. London: Otridge et al

Locke, John. 1975. An Essay concerning Human Understanding. Edited by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon

Long, A. A. and D. N. Sedley. 1987. The Hellenistic Philosophers. 2 vols. New York: Cambridge University Press

Losonsky, Michael. 1994. “Locke on Meaning and Signification.” In Locke's Philosophy: Content and Context, edited by G. A. J. Rogers. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Loux, Michael. 1978. Substance and Attribute. Dordrecht: Reidel

Lovejoy, Arthur O. 1907. “Kant's Classification of the Forms of Judgment.”Philosophical Review 16: 588–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lowe, E. J. 1995. Locke on Human Understanding. London: Routledge

Lowe, E. J. 2000. “Locke, Martin, and Substance.”Philosophical Quarterly 50: 499–514CrossRef

MacDonald, Scott. 1993. “Theory of Knowledge.” In The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas, edited by N. Kretzmann and E. Stump. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

MacIntyre, Alasdair. 1999. Dependent Rational Animals. Chicago: Open Court

Mackie, J. L. 1974. “Locke's Anticipation of Kripke.”Analysis 34: 177–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mackie, J. L. 1976. Problems from Locke. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Markus, R. A. 1957. “St. Augustine on Signs.”Phronesis 2: 60–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Martin, C. B. 1980. “Substance Substantiated.”Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, 1: 3–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mattern, Ruth. 1998. “Locke: ‘Our Knowledge, which All Consists in Propositions.’” In Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Mattey, G. J. 1986. “Kant's Theory of Propositional Attitudes.”Kant-Studien 77, 4: 423–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Matthews, H. E. 1971. “Locke, Malebranche, and the Representative Theory.”The Locke Newsletter 2: 12–21Google Scholar

McCann, Edwin. 1994. “Locke's Philosophy of Body.” In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, edited by Vere Chappell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

McCracken, Charles J. 1983. Malebranche and British Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Mill, J. S. 1867. A System of Logic. New York: Harper

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1980. Late Scholastic and Humanist Theories of the Proposition. New York: North Holland

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1983. Judgment and Proposition from Descartes to Kant. New York: North Holland

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1986. “The Historical Background to Locke's Account of Particles.”Logique et Analyse 29: 53–71

Ott, W. 1997. “Locke and the Scholastics on Theological Discourse.”The Locke Newsletter 28: 51–66Google Scholar

Ott, W. 1999. “Locke and the Idea of God: A Reply to Vivienne Brown.”The Locke Newsletter 30: 67–71

Ott, W. 2002a. “Locke's Argument from Signification.”Locke Studies 2: 145–14

Ott, W. 2002b. “Propositional Attitudes in Modern Philosophy.”Dialogue 41: 1–18

Ott, W. 2002c. “Locke and Signification.”Journal of Philosophical Research 27: 449–44CrossRef

Owen, David. “Locke and Hume on Belief, Judgment, and Assent.” Forthcoming, Topoi

Panza, Christopher. “Partial Consideration, Mental Separation, and General Reference.” Forthcoming

Philodemus. 1941. De Signis. Translated by W. and D. De Lacey. Philadelphia: American Philological Association

Poinsot, John (John of St. Thomas). 1995. Tractatus de Signis. Translated and edited by John Deely. Berkeley: University of California Press

Putnam, Hilary. 1973. “Meaning and Reference.”Journal of Philosophy 70, 19: 699–711CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Putnam, Hilary. 1975. Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2. New York: Cambridge University Press

Quine, Willard Van Orman. 1969. Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press

Quintilian. 1920. Institutio Oratoria. Translated by H. E. Butler. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Robinson, Richard. 1950. Definition. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Russell, Bertrand. 1912. The Problems of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Russell, Bertrand. 1937a. The Philosophy of Leibniz. London: Allen and Unwin

Russell, Bertrand. 1937b. Principles of Mathematics. London: Allen and Unwin

Russell, Bertrand. 1948. Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits. New York: Simon and Schuster

Russell, Bertrand. 1983. The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell. 8 vols. Edited by Elisabeth Eames and Kenneth Blackwell. London: Allen and Unwin

Russell, Bertrand. 1992. Logic and Knowledge. London: Routledge

Searle, John. 1987. “Indeterminacy, Empiricism, and the First Person.”Journal of Philosophy 84, 3: 123–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sedley, David. 1982. “On Signs.” In Science and Speculation: Studies in Hellenistic Theory and Practice, edited by Jonathan Barnes, Jacques Brunschwig, Myles Burnyeat, and Malcolm Schofield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Sellars, Wilfrid. 1963. “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind.” In Science, Perception, and Reality. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview Publishing Company

Sergeant, John. 1984. Solid Philosophy Asserted Against the Fancies of the Ideists. New York: Garland

Shoemaker, Sydney. 1982. “The Inverted Spectrum.”Journal of Philosophy 79, 7: 357–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Skorupski, John. 1989. John Stuart Mill. London: Routledge

Soles, David E. 1998. “Locke on Ideas, Words, and Knowledge.”Revue International de Philosophie 42: 150–15Google Scholar

Soles, David E. 1999. “Is Locke an Imagist?”The Locke Newsletter 30: 17–66

Spencer, Thomas. 1628. The Art of Logic. London. Scolar Press facsimile

Stillingfleet, Edward. 1697. A Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity: with an Answer to the Late Socinian Objections against it from Scripture, Antiquity and Reason. London

Swing, Thomas K. 1969. Kant's Transcendental Logic. New Haven: Yale University Press

Taylor, C. C. W. 1978. “Berkeley's Theory of Abstract Ideas.”Philosophical Quarterly 28, 111: 1–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thalberg, Irving. 1981. “The Discovery of Nonsense.” In Midwest Studies in Philosophy 6, edited by Peter French, Theodore Uehling, and Howard Wettstein. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press

Urmson, J. O. 1967. Philosophical Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Walmsley, Jonathan. 1999. “Locke on Abstraction: A Response to M. R. Ayers.”British Journal for the History of Philosophy 7: 123–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weidemann, H. 1989. “Aristotle on Inferences from Signs.”Phronesis 34: 343–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Winkler, Kenneth. 1989. Berkeley: An Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Wisdom, John. 1931–3. “Logical Constructions Ⅰ–Ⅴ.”Mind40–2Google Scholar

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1953. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. New York: Macmillan

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1958. The Blue and Brown Books. Translated by Rush Rhees. London: Blackwell

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1974. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Translated by D. F. Pears and Brian McGuinness. London: Routledge

Woolhouse, Roger. 1972. Locke's Philosophy of Science and Knowledge. New York: Barnes and Noble

Woozley, A. D. 1964. “Introduction.” In Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, edited by Woozley. New York: Meridian

Woozley, A. D. 1976. “Berkeley's Doctrine of Notions and Theory of Meaning.”Journal of the History of Philosophy 14: 427–42CrossRef

Yolton, John. 1968. John Locke and the Way of Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968

Yolton, John. 1970. Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Yolton, John. 1984. Perceptual Acquaintance from Descartes to Reid. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Yolton, John. 2000. “Response to My Fellow Symposiasts.” In Descartes' Natural Philosophy, edited by Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, and John Sutton. London: Routledge

Zemach, Eddy. 1976. “Putnam's Theory on the Reference of Substance Terms.”Journal of Philosophy 73, 5: 116–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar