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6 - The height of modernity: Kant and Cohen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Kenneth Seeskin
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Illinois
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Summary

There is no need to restate Kant's view of autonomy because it has provided the focal point of this entire study. But in light of our consideration of Spinoza and Mendelssohn, it would be helpful to look at Kant's view of religion and revelation. The first thing to notice is that Kant too is a proponent of the practical turn. Although it is well known that he rejected the traditional arguments for God's existence, his criticism of them goes deeper than is usually thought. It is not just that they fail as arguments but that even if they succeeded, they would still not give us what we want from the idea of a perfect being. According to Kant (CPR A818/B846): “It was the moral ideas that gave rise to that concept of the divine Being which we now hold to be correct — and we so regard it not because speculative [theoretical] reason convinces us of its correctness, but because it completely harmonizes with the moral principles of reason.” The crux of our idea of God is that of a moral agent who asks for justice and is willing to grant mercy. Anything less would furnish us with the idea of a powerful or intelligent being but not a divine one. In another context, Kant goes further, arguing that an idea of God derived from contemplation of nature is not only a fantasy image but “a superstitious object of ceremonial adoration and hypocritical high praise.”

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2001

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