In Part II of this book, the judgments, arbitral decisions and other authoritative texts relied on by most authors of the post-Cold War period in their interpretation of self-determination emerged as successive encounters with groups traditionally marginalized in international law: the Muslim world, nomads, ethnic minorities, the colonized, the indigenous. The modern canon of self-determination proved to trace international law's engagement with those on the margins of its culture and their critiques of international law's regulation, narration and exclusion of them. Part III shows that the contest over the application of self-determination in international law has similarly been a place where women have challenged their figuration as unequal members of the self and unequal participants in the process of self-determination. Chapter 6 deals with women's say in the plebiscites held in Europe after World War I to determine the sovereignty of various disputed border territories and in the right to opt for the nationality of the other sovereign following a plebiscite. The United Nations Charter having included non-discrimination among the basic objectives of the trusteeship system, Chapter 7 attends to UN monitoring of the progress of women's equality in the trust territories as a prescribed part of the territory's preparation for self-determination. In connection with indigenous self-determination, Chapter 8 looks at the limits that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights places on a state's power to regulate a woman's status as indigenous where it would not regulate a man's.