Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-c654p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T18:46:56.818Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2009

Christian Lange
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abou El Fadl, Khaled M.Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abū ʿAwāna Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq al-Isfarāʾinī (d. 316/928–9). Musnad. 5 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Abrahamov, Binyamin. “The Creation and Duration of Paradise and Hell in Islamic Theology.” Der Islam 79 (2002), pp. 87–102Google Scholar
Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān b. al-Ashʿath al-Sijistānī (d. 275/889). Sunan. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn. 4 vols. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijāriyya al-Kubrā, n.d. Also Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, [n.d.]
Abū Nuʿaym, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Iṣfahānī (d. 430/1038). Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ wa-ṭabaqāt al-aṣfiyāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1405/[1984–5]Google Scholar
Abū Nuwās al-Ḥasan b. Hāniʾ al-Ḥakamī (d. c. 200/815). Dīwān. Edited by Wagner, Ewald. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1958Google Scholar
Abū Yaʿlā Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Tamīmī al-Mawṣilī. Musnad. Edited by Salīm Asad, Ḥusayn. Damascus: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1404/1984Google Scholar
al-Anṣārī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm (d. 182/798). K. al-Kharāj. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Ṣalafiyya, 1352/[1933]Google Scholar
Agadshanow, Sergey G.Gosudarstvo seldzhukidov i Sredniaia Aziia v XI–XII vv. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. Translated by Reinhold Schletzer. Der Staat der Seldschukiden und Mittelasien im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Schletzer, 1994Google Scholar
al-Ājurrī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 970 CE). Dhamm al-liwāṭ. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qurʾān, [1990]Google Scholar
Ali, Mohamed. Medieval Islamic Pragmatics. Richmond: Curzon, 2000Google Scholar
Alshech, Eli. “‘Do Not Enter Houses Other Than Your Own’: The Evolution of the Notion of a Private Domestic Sphere in Early Sunnī Islamic Thought.” Islamic Law and Society 11, 3 (2004), pp. 291–332CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Althusser, Louis. “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Toward an Investigation).” In: Žižek, Slavoj (ed.). Mapping Ideology. London: Verso, 1994, pp. 100–40Google Scholar
Amedroz, Henry F.The Hisba Jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1916), pp. 77–101Google Scholar
Amedroz, Henry F.The Mazalim Jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1911), pp. 635–74Google Scholar
Amedroz, Henry F.The Office of Kadi in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1910), pp. 761–96Google Scholar
al-Āmidī, Sayf al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 631/1233). al-Iḥkām fī uṣūl al-aḥkām. Edited by al-Jumaylī, Sayyid. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1404/1983Google Scholar
Andrae, Tor. In the Garden of Myrtles: Studies in Early Islamic Mysticism. First published Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, [1947]. Translated by Birgitta Sharpe. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987Google Scholar
Andrae, Tor. Der Ursprung des Islams und das Christentum. Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksell, 1926Google Scholar
Anon. Baḥr al-fawāʾid. Edited by Dānish-Pazhūh, Muḥammad Taqī. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1966. Translated by Julie Scott Meisami. The Sea of Precious Virtues: A Medieval Islamic Mirror for Princes. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1991Google Scholar
Anon. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Translated by Andrew George. London: Penguin, 2000
Anon. The Miʿrājnāma manuscript (Supplément Turc 190) in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. New York: George Braziller, 1977
Anon. Mujmal al-tawārīkh wa-l-qiṣaṣ. Edited by Bahār, Malik al-Shuʿarāʾ. Tehran: Muʾassasa-yi Khāwar, 1318/[1939]Google Scholar
Anon. (Pseudo-Māwardī). Naṣīḥat al-mulūk. Edited by ʿAbd al-Munʿim, Fuʾād. Alexandria: Muʾassasat Shābāb al-Jāmiʿa, 1988Google Scholar
Anon. (early sixth/twelfth c.). Tārīkh-i Sīstān. Edited by Ṣādiqī, Jaʿfar Mudarris. Tehran: Nashr-i Markaz, 1373/1994. Also edited by Malik al-Shuʿarāʾ Bahār. Tehran: Fardīn, [1935]. Translated by Milton Gold. The Tārīkh-i Sīstān. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1976 (Persian Heritage Series no. 20)Google Scholar
Anon. (Pseudo-Thaʿālibī, seventh/thirteenth c.). Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ. Edited by Heinecke, Regina. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam Press, 1975Google Scholar
al-Anṣārī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-Harawī (d. 482/1089). K. Dhamm al-kalām. Edited by Dughaym, Samīḥ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Lubnānī, 1994Google Scholar
Anvarī, Awḥad al-Dīn Mūhammad b. Muḥammad (d. c. 560/1164). Dīwān. Edited by Razavī, Muḥammad. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1337–40/[1959–61]Google Scholar
Anvarī, Ḥasan. Iṣṭilāḥāt-i dīwānī-yi dawra-yi ghaznawī ū saljūqī. Tehran: Kitābkhāna-yi Ṭahūrī, [1976]Google Scholar
Arberry, Arthur John. Classical Persian Literature. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1958Google Scholar
Arberry, Arthur John. The Koran Interpreted. 1955. Repr. New York: Touchstone, 1996Google Scholar
Arkoun, Mohamed (ed.). L'étrange et le merveilleux dans l'Islam médiéval. Paris: Editions J. A., 1978Google Scholar
Aron, Raymond. Main Currents in Sociological Thought II: Durkheim, Pareto, Weber. 1967. Translated by Richard Howard and Helen Weaver. New York: Anchor Books, 1970Google Scholar
al-Ashʿarī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl (d. 324/935–6). Maqālāt al-islāmiyyīn wa-ikhtilāf al-muṣallīn. Edited by Helmut Ritter. Istanbul: Devlet Matbaasi, 1929–30Google Scholar
al-Ashqar, ʿUmar Sulaymān. al-Yawm al-ākhir. 2nd ed. Kuwait: Maktabat al-Falāḥ, 1988. Partially translated by Nasiruddin al-Khattab. The Final Day, Part Three: Paradise and Hell. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 1998Google Scholar
Asín Palacios, Miguel. La escatología musulmana en la Divina Comedia. 1919. Repr. Madrid: Hiperión, 1984Google Scholar
ʿAthamina, Khalil. “The Black Banners and the Socio-Political Significance of Flags and Slogans.” Arabica 36 (1989), pp. 307–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auffarth, Christoph. “Beichte.” In: Cancik, Hubert, Gladigow, Burkhard, and Laubschwer, Matthias (eds.). Handbuch religionswissenschaftlicher Grundbegriffe. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1988–2001, II, pp. 116–19Google Scholar
Auffarth, Christoph. Irdische Wege und himmlischer Lohn: Kreuzzug, Jerusalem und Fegefeuer in religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002Google Scholar
ʿAwfī, Sadīd al-Dīn Muḥammad (fl. 625/1228). Jawāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt. Selections edited by Shiʿār, Jaʿfar. [Tehran]: Amīr Kabīr, 1352/[1973]Google Scholar
al-ʿAynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad (d. 855/1451). ʿUmdat al-qārī fī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
al-ʿAẓīmābādī, Muḥammad Shams al-Ḥaqq. ʿAwn al-maʿbūd sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1995Google Scholar
al-Bābartī, Akmal al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd (d. 786/1384). al-ʿInāya sharḥ al-hidāya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Baghawī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn b. Masʿūd (d. 516/1122–3). Maʿālim al-tanzīl. Beirut: Dār al-Mamlaka al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415/1995Google Scholar
al-Baghdādī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muʾayyad (sixth/twelfth c.). al-Tawaṣṣul ilā l-tarassul: inshāʾ wa-taʾlīf. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī, 1315/[1937]Google Scholar
al-Bakrī, Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbd Allāh (d. 487/1094). K. al-Mughrib fī dhikr bilād Ifrīqiya wa-l-Maghrib. Edited and translated by Slane, William MacGuckin. Description de l'Afrique septentrionale. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1859Google Scholar
al-Baʿlī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Abī l-Fatḥ (d. 709/1309–10). al-Muṭliʿ ʿalā abwāb al-Muqniʿ. Edited by Bashīr al-Idlibī, Muḥammad. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1401/1981Google Scholar
al-Balkhī, Abū Bakr Ḥamīd al-Dīn ʿUmar b. Maḥmūd (d. 559/1163–4). Maqāmāt-i Ḥamīdī. Edited by Nizhād, Riḍā Anābī. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1365/[1986–7]Google Scholar
Baneth, D. Z. H. “What Did Muhammad Mean When He Called His Religion ‘Islam’? The Original Meaning of aslama and Its Derivatives.” Israel Oriental Studies 1 (1971), pp. 183–90. Repr. in Andrew Rippin (ed.). The Qurʾān: Style and Contents. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001, pp. 85–92Google Scholar
Barry, Michael. Figurative Art in Medieval Islam and the Riddle of Bihzād of Herat (1465–1535). Paris: Flammarion, 2004Google Scholar
al-Baṣrī, Abū l-Ḥusayn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 436/1044). al-Muʿtamad. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/1983Google Scholar
Bausani, Alessandro. “Religion in the Saljuq Period.” In: Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1968], pp. 283–302Google Scholar
al-Baydāwī, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar (d. c. 685/1286). Tafsīr [Anwār al-tanzīl wa-asrār al-taʾwīl]. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Bayhaqī, Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn (d. 470/1077). Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1332/[1953]. Also edited by Fayyāḍ, ʿAli Akbar. Tehran: n.p., 1324/[1945–6]Google Scholar
al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066). K. al-Baʿth wa-l-nushūr. Edited by Ḥaydar, ʿĀmir Aḥmad. Beirut: Markaz al-Khidmāt wa-l-Abḥāth al-Thaqāfiyya, 1406/1986Google Scholar
al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066)al-Sunan al-kubrā. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭṭā, Muḥammad. 10 vols. Mecca: Maktabat Dār al-Bāz, 1414/1994Google Scholar
al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066)al-Sunan al-ṣughrā. Edited by al-Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1422/2001Google Scholar
Beal, Timothy K.Religion and Its Monsters. New York: Routledge, 2002Google Scholar
Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997Google Scholar
Bellamy, James A. “Sex and Society in Islamic Popular Literature.” In: al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (ed.). Society and the Sexes in Medieval Islam. Malibu: Undena Publications, 1979, pp. 23–42Google Scholar
Benjamin of Tudela (fl. second half twelfth c.). Massaʾot. Edited by Adler, M. N.. London: Henry Frowde, 1907Google Scholar
Bercher, Léon. Les délits et les peines du droit commun prévu par le Coran. Tunis: Société Anonyme de l'Imprimerie Rapide, 1926Google Scholar
Bercher, Léon. “L'obligation d'ordonner le bien et d'interdire le mal selon Al-Ghazali.” Revue de l'Institut des Belles Letters Arabes 18 (1955), pp. 53–91; 20 (1957), pp. 21–30; 21 (1958), pp. 389–407; 23 (1960), pp. 313–21Google Scholar
Berkey, Jonathan. Popular Preaching and Religious Authority in the Medieval Islamic Near East. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran 994–1040. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.The Medieval Islamic Underworld: The Banū Sāsān in Arabic Society and Literature. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1976Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.“The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (AD 1000–1217).” In: Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1968], pp. 1–202Google Scholar
Boyce, Mary. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge, 1979Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Its Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Considérations sociologiques sur le droit musulman ancien.” In: Brunschvig, . Études d”Islamologie. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1976, II, pp. 119–31Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Justice religieuse et justice laïque dans la Tunisie des Deys et des Beys jusq'au milieu du XIXe siècle.” Studia Islamica 23 (1965), pp. 27–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Métiers vils en Islam.” Studia Islamica 16 (1962), pp. 41–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Le système de la preuve en droit musulman.” Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin 18 (1963), pp. 169–86Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert.“Urbanisme médiéval et droit musulman.” In: Brunschvig, . Études d'Islamologie. Paris: Editions G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1976, II, pp. 7–35Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Valeur et fondement du raisonnement juridique d'après al-Ġazālī.” Studia Islamica 34 (1971), pp. 57–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, Ronald P.The Muhtasib.” Arabica 39 (1992), pp. 59–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (d. 256/870). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by Dīb al-Bughā., Muṣṭafā 6 vols. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 1407/1987Google Scholar
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (d. 256/870).al-Tārīkh al-kabīr. Edited by al-Nadawī, al-Sayyid Hāshim. 8 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Bukhārī, ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 536/1141). Sharḥ Adab al-qāḍī. Translated by Munīr Aḥmad Mughal. Ādāb al-qāḍī: Islamic Legal and Judicial System. Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1999Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard W.The Patricians of Nishapur: A Study in Medieval Islamic Social History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard W.“The Political-Religious History of Nishapur in the Eleventh Century.” In: Richards, D. S. (ed.). Islamic Civilisation 950–1150. Oxford: Cassirer, 1973, pp. 71–91Google Scholar
al-Bundārī, al-Fatḥ b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 643/1245–6). Tārīkh dawlat āl Saljūq. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 1978. Also Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Mawsūʿāt, 1900 [Tārīkh dawlat āl Saljūq (ed. 1900)]Google Scholar
Bürgel, Christoph. The Feather of the Simurgh: The “Licit Magic” of the Arts in Medieval Islam. New York: New York University Press, 1988Google Scholar
al-Būṣīrī, Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr (d. 840/1436). Miṣbāḥ al-zujāja fī Zawāʾid Ibn Māja. Beirut: Dār al-ʿArabiyya, 1403/1982–3Google Scholar
Busse, Heribert. Chalif und Grosskönig: die Buyiden im Iraq. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1969Google Scholar
Busse, Heribert.“Thron, Kosmos und Lebensbaum im Schāhnāme.” In: Eilers, W. (ed.). Festgabe deutscher Iranisten zur 2500 Jahrfeier Irans. Stuttgart: Hochwacht Druck, 1971, pp. 8–21
Cahen, Claude. “L'évolution de l'iqṭāʿ du IXe au XIIIe siècle: contribution à une histoire comparée des sociétés médiévales.” Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations 8 (1953), pp. 25–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahen, Claude. “The Historiography of the Seljuq Period.” In: Lewis, Bernard and Holt, P. M. (eds.). Historians of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, 1962, pp. 59–78Google Scholar
Cahen, Claude. “Mouvements populaires et autonomisme urbain dans l'Asie musulmane du moyen âge.” Arabica 5 (1958), pp. 225–50; 6 (1959), pp. 25–56; 233–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahen, Claude.“The Turkish Invasion: The Selchükids.” In: Setton, Kenneth M. (ed.). A History of the Crusades. 1955. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969–89, I, pp. 135–76Google Scholar
Calder, Norman and Rippin, Andrew (eds.). Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature. London: Routledge, 2003Google Scholar
The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Edited by Boyle, J. A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1968]Google Scholar
Carman, John B.Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994Google Scholar
Chabbi, Jacqueline. “Remarques sur le développement historique des mouvements ascétiques et mystiques au Khurasan.” Studia Islamica 46 (1977), pp. 5–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalmeta Gendrón, Pedro. El “señor del zoco” en España. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1973Google Scholar
Chehata, Chafik. Études de droit musulman. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1971Google Scholar
Chittick, William C.Sufism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld, 2000Google Scholar
Christensen, Arthur. The Kayanians. 1931. English tr. Bombay: K. R. Cama Institute, 1993Google Scholar
Cohen, Esther. The Crossroads of Justice: Law and Culture in Late Medieval France. Leiden and New York: Brill, 1993Google Scholar
Cook, David. “Moral Apocalyptic in Islam.” Studia Islamica 86 (1997), pp. 37–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, David. Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic. Princeton: Darwin, 2002Google Scholar
Cook, Michael. Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000Google Scholar
Cook, Michael. “Eschatology and the Dating of Traditions.” Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies 1 (1992), pp. 23–47Google Scholar
Coulson, Noel J.A History of Islamic Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964Google Scholar
Coulson, Noel J.The State and the Individual in Islamic Law.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 6 (1957), pp. 49–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crone, Patricia. God's Rule: Government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004Google Scholar
Dabashi, Hamid. “Historical Conditions of Persian Sufism During the Seljuk Period.” In: Lewisohn, Leonard (ed.). Classical Persian Sufism: From Its Origins to Rumi. London: Khaniqahi Nimatullah Publications, 1993, pp. 137–74Google Scholar
Dabashi, Hamid. Truth and Narrative: The Untimely Thoughts of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt al-Hamādhānī. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1999Google Scholar
al-Ḍaḥḥāk, Abū Bakr Aḥmad (d. 287/900–1). al-Āḥād wa-l-mathānī. Edited by al-Jawābira, Bāsim Fayṣal Aḥmad. Riyadh: Dār al-Rāya, 1411/1991Google Scholar
Dawlatshāh b. ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla Bakhtīshāh Samarqandī (d. c. 892/1487). Tadhkirat al-shuʿarāʾ. Edited by Browne, Edward G.. London: Luzac, 1901Google Scholar
al-Daylamī, Shīrwayh b. Shahrdār (d. 509/1115). Firdaws al-akhbār bi-maʾthūr al-khiṭāb. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1407/1987. Also edited by al-Saʿīd b. Basyūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1406/1986Google Scholar
al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāḥ Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 748/1348). al-Kabāʾir. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Umawiyya, 1389/1970. Also Damascus: al-Maktaba al-Umawiyya, 1389/1970. Translated by Hassan Amdouni. Les péchés majeurs. Beirut: Dār al-Būraq, 1413/1992Google Scholar
al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāḥ Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 748/1348).Tārīkh al-Islām wa-wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa-l-aʿlām. Edited by Ḥamdān, Muḥammad Maḥmūd. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1985Google Scholar
Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. Lughatnāma. 1946–. 6 vols. 2nd ed. Tehran: Muʾassasa-yi Dikhudā, 1363– [1985–]Google Scholar
Dozy, Reinhart. Dictionnaire détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les Arabes. 1845. Repr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, [1969]Google Scholar
Dozy, Reinhart. Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. 1881. Repr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1968Google Scholar
Dürr, Hans Peter. Nacktheit und Scham. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988Google Scholar
Edsman, Carl-Martin. “Fire.” In: Eliade, Mircea (gen. ed.). Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1987, V, pp. 341b–342aGoogle Scholar
Eichler, Paul Arno. Die Dschinn, Teufel und Engel im Koran. Leipzig: Klein, 1928Google Scholar
el-Awa, Mohammed. Punishment in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study. Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1982Google Scholar
el-Rouayheb, Khaled. Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500–1800. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
el-Saleh, Soubhi. La vie future sélon le Coran. Paris: J. Vrin, 1971Google Scholar
Elder, E. E.The Development of the Muslim Doctrine of Sins and Their Forgiveness.” Moslem World 29, 2 (1939), pp. 178–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by Houtsman, T. et al. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1913–34. Repr. 9 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1987Google Scholar
Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition. Edited by Gibb, H. A. R. et al. 12 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1954–2004Google Scholar
The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʿān. Edited by McAuliffe, Jane Dammen et al. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2001–6Google Scholar
The Encyclopedia of Religion. Edited by Eliade, Mircea et al. 16 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1987Google Scholar
Ephrat, Daphna. A Learned Society in a Period of Transition: The Sunnī ʿUlamāʾ of Eleventh-Century Baghdad. Albany: SUNY Press, 2000Google Scholar
Ephrat, Daphna.“Religious Leadership and Associations in the Public Sphere of Seljuk Baghdad.” In: Hoexter, Miriam, Eisenstadt, Shmuel N., and Levtzion, Nehemia (eds.). The Public Sphere in Muslim Societies. Albany: SUNY Press, 2002, pp. 31–48Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph van. “Das begrenzte Paradies.” In: Salmon, Pierre (ed.). Mélanges d'Islamologie, volume dédié à la mémoire de Armand Abel. Leiden: Brill, 1974, pp. 108–27Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. The Flowering of Muslim Theology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. Die Gedankenwelt des Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī. Bonn: Universität Bonn, 1961Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. \Das K. al-Nakṯ des Naẓẓām und seine Rezeption im Kitāb al-Futyā des Ğāḥiẓ. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1972Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra: eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1991–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ess, Joseph. Zwischen Ḥadīth und Theologie. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1975CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabreguettes, Polydore. La logique judiciaire et l'art de juger. Paris: F. Pichon et Durand-Auzias, 1914Google Scholar
Fahd, Toufic. “Magic in Islam.” In: Eliade, Mircea (gen. ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1987, IX, pp. 104–9Google Scholar
Fahd, Toufic.“Sciences naturelles et magie dans Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm (d'Abū Maslama l-Madjrītī).” In: Garcia Sanchez, Emilio (ed.). Ciencias de la naturaleza en al-Andalus. Granada: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1990, I, pp. 11–21Google Scholar
al-Farrāʾ, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyāʾ b. Ziyād (d. 207/822). Maʿānī al-Qurʾān. [Cairo]: Al-Hayʾa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 1973Google Scholar
al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Muqrī (d. c. 770/1368). al-Miṣbāḥ al-munīr. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya, [1978]Google Scholar
al-Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 817/1414 or 1415). al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1994Google Scholar
Floor, Willem. “The Office of Muhtasib in Iran.” Iranian Studies 18, 1 (1985), pp. 53–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Histoire de la séxualité. Paris: Gallimard, 1976Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Punir et surveiller. 1975. Translated by Alan Sheridan. Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage Books, 1995Google Scholar
Fragner, Bert. Geschichte der Stadt Hamadān und ihrer Umgebung in den ersten sechs Jahrhunderten nach der Hiǧra. Vienna: Notring, 1972Google Scholar
Fragner, Bert.“Wem gehört die Stadt? Raumkonzepte in einer Chronik der Seldschukenzeit.” In: Haag-Higuchi, Roxane and Szyska, Christian (eds.). Erzählter Raum in Literaturen der islamischen Welt. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001, pp. 95–108Google Scholar
Furley, William D. “Feuer.” In: Betz, Hans Dieter et al. (eds.). Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. 4th rev. ed., Tübingen: Mohr, 2000Google Scholar
Garcin, J.-C. “La révolte donnée à voir chez les populations civiles de l'état militaire mamluk (XIIIe–XVe s.).” In: Chaumont, Eric (ed.). Autour du regard: mélanges Gimaret. Louvain: Peeters, 2003, pp. 261–78Google Scholar
Gardet, Louis. Dieu et la destinée de l'homme. Paris: J. Vrin, 1967Google Scholar
Gardīzī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy (fl. fifth/eleventh c.). Tārīkh-i Gardīzī [Zayn al-akhbār]. Berlin: Irānschāhr, 1928
Geertz, Clifford. “Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power.” In: Geertz, . Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. 1983. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 121–46Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford.“Religion as a Cultural System.” In: Geertz, . The Interpretation of Culture. 1973. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 87–125Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford.“Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” In: Geertz, . The Interpretation of Culture. 1973. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 3–30Google Scholar
Ghaffari, Jalal al-Din. Dictionnaire Ghaffari Persan–Français. Tehran: Imprimerie de l'Université, 1957Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111). al-Durra al-fākhira fī kashf ʿulūm al-ākhira. Edited by Gautier, Lucien. Geneva: H. Georg, 1878. Translated by Jane Idleman Smith. The Precious Pearl. Missoula: Scholars Press, 1979Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Fayṣal al-tafriqa. Edited by Dunyā, S.. Cairo: ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1961Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d. Partially translated by T. J. Winter. The Remembrance of Death and Afterlife: Book XL of the Revival of the Religious Sciences. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Kīmiyā-yi saʿādat. Edited by Ārām, Aḥmad. Tehran: Kitābkhāna-yi Markazī, 1339/1960. Partially translated by Hellmut Ritter. Das Elixier der Glückseligkeit. Düsseldorf: Diederichs, 1981Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Makātib-i fārsī-yi Ghazālī bi-nām-i Faḍāʾil al-anām. Edited by Iqbāl, ʿAbbās. 1954. Tehran: Kitābkhāna-yi Sanāʾī, 1363/[1984]Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).al-Mankhūl min taʿlīqāt al-uṣūl. Edited by Ḥītū, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Mishkāt al-anwār. Edited and translated by Buchman, David. The Niche of Lights. Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1998Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).al-Mustaṣfā fī ʿilm al-uṣūl. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Arqam, 1994 [ed. Būlāq 1322/1904]. Also edited by al-Shāfī., Muḥammad Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1993. Also Cairo: Muṣṭafā Muḥammad, 1456/1937Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Naṣīḥat al-mulūk. Edited by Humāʾī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bābak, 1361/1982. Translated by F. R. C. Bagley. Ghazali's Book of Counsel for Kings. London: Oxford University Press, 1964Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Tahāfut al-falāsifa. Edited and translated by Marmura, Michael E.. The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1997Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).al-Wasīṭ fī l-madhhab. Edited by Ibrāhīm, Aḥmad Maḥmūd and Ṭāmir, Muḥammad Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 1417/1997Google Scholar
Gianotti, Timothy J.Al-Ghazālī's Unspeakable Doctrine of the Soul: Unveiling the Esoteric Psychology and Eschatology of the Iḥyāʾ. Leiden: Brill, 2001Google Scholar
Giffen, Lois Anita. Theory of Profane Love Among the Arabs. New York: New York University Press, 1971Google Scholar
Giladi, Avner. Children of Islam: Concepts of Childhood in Medieval Islam. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991Google Scholar
Gimaret, Daniel. La doctrine d'al-Ashʿarī. Paris: Cerf, 1990Google Scholar
Gleave, Robert. “Crimes Against God and Violent Punishments in al-Fatāwā al-ʿĀlamgīriyya.” In: Hinnells, John R. and King, Richard (eds.). Religion and Violence in South Asia: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 2007, pp. 83–106Google Scholar
Goldziher, Ignaz. “Die Handwerke bei den Arabern.” Globus 46 (1894), pp. 203–5. Translated as “The Crafts Among the Arabs.” In: Morony, Michael G. (ed.). Manufacturing and Labour. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003, pp. 145–50Google Scholar
Goldziher, Ignaz. Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung. Leiden: Brill, 1920Google Scholar
Gräf, Erwin. “Probleme der Todesstrafe im Islam.” Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaften 59 (1957), pp. 83–117Google Scholar
Graham, William Albert. Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam. The Hague: Mouton, 1977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grasmück, Ernst Ludwig. Exilium: Untersuchungen Zur Verbannung in der Antike. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1978Google Scholar
Gregory, Brad. Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999Google Scholar
Groebner, Valentin. Defaced: The Visual Culture of Violence in the Late Middle Ages. 2002. New York: Zone Books, 2004Google Scholar
Grunebaum, Gustave E.. Kritik und Dichtkunst: Studien zur arabischen Literaturgeschichte. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1955Google Scholar
Guthrie, Shirley. Arab Social Life in the Middle Ages: An Illustrated Guide. London: Saqi Books, 1995Google Scholar
al-Ḥākim al-Nīsābūrī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh (d. 405/1014). al-Mustadrak ʿalā l-ṣaḥīḥayn. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭṭā, Muṣṭafā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1411/1990Google Scholar
al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī (fl. late third/ninth c.). al-Manhiyāt. Edited by Zaghlūl, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1406/1986Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. A History of Islamic Legal Theories: An Introduction to Sunnī uṣūl al-fiqh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. “Non-Analogical Arguments in Sunnī Juridical Qiyās.” Arabica 36 (1989), pp. 286–306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallaq, Wael.“On Inductive Corrobation, Probability and Certainty in Sunnī Legal Thought.” In: Heer, Nicholas (ed.). Islamic Law and Jurisprudence: Studies in Honor of Farhad J. Ziadeh. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990, pp. 3–31Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael.“Takhrīj and the Construction of Juristic Authority.” In: Weiss, Bernard (ed.). Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. Leiden: Brill, 2002, pp. 317–35Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. “Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?International Journal of Middle East Studies 16 (1984), pp. 3–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halm, Heinz. Die Ausbreitung der šāfiʿitischen Rechtsschule von den Anfängen bis zum 8./14. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1974Google Scholar
al-Hamadhānī, ʿAyn al-Quḍāt (d. 525/1131). Shakwā al-gharīb ʿan al-awṭān. Tehran: Maṭbaʿat Jāmiʿat Tihrān, 1962. Edited and translated by Arthur Arberry, J.. A Sufi Martyr: The Apologia of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadhānī. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1968Google Scholar
al-Hamadhānī, Badīʿ al-Zamān (d. 398/1008). Maqāmāt. Edited by ʿAlī Bū, Mulḥim. Beirut: Dār wa-Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1993. Translated by Gernot Rotter. Vernunft ist nichts als Narretei. Tübingen: Erdmann, 1982Google Scholar
al-Hamadhānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 521/1127). Takmilat tārīkh al-Ṭabarī. Beirut: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Kāthūlikiyya, 1959Google Scholar
al-Ḥanafī, Yūsuf b. Mūsā Abū l-Maḥāsin (d. 802/1400). al-Muʿtaṣar min al-mukhtaṣar min mushkil al-āthār. 2 vols. Repr. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, [1976]Google Scholar
al-Ḥarīrī, Abū Muḥammad al-Qāsim b. ʿAlī (d. 516/1122). Maqāmāt. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1958. Translated by Theodore Preston. Makamat or Rhetorical Anecdotes. 1850. Repr. London: Darf Publishers, 1986Google Scholar
The HarperCollins Dictionary of Religion. Edited by Smith, Jonathan Z. et al. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1995Google Scholar
Hartmann, Richard. Die Himmelsreise Muhammeds und ihre Bedeutung in der Religion des Islam. Leipzig: Teubner, 1930Google Scholar
Hasan, Ahmad. Analogical Reasoning in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Study of the Juridical Principle of Qiyas. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, 1986Google Scholar
al-Ḥaskafī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 1088/1677). al-Durr al-mukhtār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415/[1994–5]Google Scholar
Havemann, Axel. Riʾāsa und Qaḍāʾ: Institutionen als Ausdruck wechselnder Machtverhältnisse in syrischen Städten vom 10. bis zum 12. Jahrhundert. Freiburg: K. Schwarz, 1975Google Scholar
Havemann, Axel. “Soziale Hierarchie und Gleichheit: zur Stellung der Berufe im mittelalterlichen Islam.” Der Islam 82, 2 (2005), pp. 256–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Haythamī, Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr (d. 807/1405). Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid wa-manbaʿ al-fawāʾid. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1407/[1986–7]Google Scholar
Stefan, Heidemann. Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Ḥarrān von der Zeit der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken. Leiden: Brill, 2002Google Scholar
Heinen, Anton M.Islamic Cosmology: A Study of as-Suyūṭī's al-Hayʾa as-sanīya fī l-hayʾa as-sunnīya. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1982Google Scholar
Heyd, Uriel. Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Carole. “Seljuq Women.” In: Balım-Harding, Çiğdem and Imber, Colin (eds.). The Balance of Truth: Essays in Honor of Professor Geoffrey Lewis. Istanbul: Isis Press, 2000, pp. 145–63Google Scholar
Himmelfarb, Martha. Tours of Hell: An Apocalyptic Form in Jewish and Christian Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall G. S.The Order of the Assassins: The Struggle of the Early Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs Against the Islamic World. The Hague: Mouton, 1955Google Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall G. S.The Venture of Islam. 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoexter, Miriam. “La shurṭa à Alger à l'époque turque.” Studia Islamica 56 (1982), pp. 117–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horst, Heribert. Die Staatsverwaltung der Grosselǧuken und Ḫōrazmshāhs. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1964Google Scholar
Huizinga, Johan. The Autumn of the Middle Ages. 1921. Translated by Rodney J. Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996Google Scholar
al-Ḥumaydī, Muḥammad b. Fattūḥ (d. 488/1095). al-Jamʿ bayna l-ṣaḥīḥayn. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1423/2002Google Scholar
al-Ḥusaynī, Ṣadr al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Nāṣir (fl. 575/1180–620/1225). Zubdat al-tawārīkh. Edited by Nūr al-Dīn, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār Iqraʾ, 1985. Also published as Akhbār al-dawla al-saljūqiyya. Edited by Muḥammad Iqbāl. Lahore: Kuliyyat Fanjāb, 1933Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh (d. 463/1071). al-Istidhkār al-jāmiʿ li-madhāhib fuqahāʾ al-amṣār wa-ʿulamāʾ al-aqṭār. Edited by ʿAṭṭā, Sālim Muḥammad and Muʿawwaḍ, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2000Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894). Dhamm al-baghy. Riyadh: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khalaf, 1988Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-dunyā. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qurʾān, 1988Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-ghayba wa-l-namīma. Cairo: Maktabat al-Turāth al-Islāmī, [1989]Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-kadhib wa-ahlihi. Beirut: Dār al-Sanābil, 1993Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-malāhī. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyya, 1993Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-muskir. Riyadh: Dār al-Rāya, 1989Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).K. Man ʿāsha baʿd al-mawt. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Maktab, 1406/1986Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).K. al-Mawt wa-K. al-qubūr. Reconstructed, edited, and translated by Kinberg, Leah. Haifa: Publications of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Haifa University, 1983Google Scholar
Ibn Abī Shayba, Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 297/909–10). Muṣannaf. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1409/1988–9. Also Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1997Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Wafāʾ, ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥammad (d. 775/1373). al-Jawāhir al-muḍiyya fī ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanafiyya. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyya, 1332/[1914]Google Scholar
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn b. ʿUmar (d. 1836 CE). Ḥāshiyat radd al-muḥtār ʿalā al-durr al-mukhtār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1421/2000Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAdī, ʿAbd Allāh al-Jurjānī (d. 365/976). al-Kāmil fī ḍuʿafāʾ al-rijāl. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409/1988Google Scholar
Ibn al-Anbārī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim (d. 328/939 or 940). al-Ẓāhir fī maʿānī kalimāt al-nās. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1412/1992Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAqīl, Abū l-Wafāʾ ʿAlī (d. 513/1119). al-Wāḍiḥ fī uṣūl al-fiqh. Edited by Makdisi, George. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1996Google Scholar
Ibn al-ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 638/1240). al-Futūḥāt al-makkiyya. Cairo: Būlāq, 1293/1876Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh (d. 571/1176). Dhamm man lā yaʿmalu bi-ʿilmihi. Damascus: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1990Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh (d. 571/1176).Madḥ al-tawāḍuʿ wa-dhamm al-kibr. Damascus: Dār al-Sanābil, 1413/1993Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh (d. 571/1176).Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq. 80 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1995–2001Google Scholar
Ibn al-Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam (d. 630/1233). al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1417/1997. Also edited by Carl Johan Tornberg. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385–/1965–Google Scholar
Ibn al-Athīr, Majd al-Dīn Abū l-Saʿādāt al-Mubārak b. Muḥammad (d. 606/1209). al-Nihāya fī gharīb al-ḥadīth wa-l-athar. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya, 1399/1979Google Scholar
Ibn al-Balkhī (fl. beg. sixth/twelfth c.). Fārsnāma. Edited by Strange, Guy and Nicholson, Richard A.. London: Luzac, 1921Google Scholar
Ibn Barhān, Aḥmad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 518/1124). al-Wuṣūl ilā l-uṣūl. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1983–4Google Scholar
Ibn Bībī, Nāṣir al-Dīn b. Muḥammad (d. c. 684/1285). Saljūqnāma [Awāmir al-ʿalāʾiyya fī umūr al-ʿalāʾiyya]. Edited by Houtsma, M. T.. Leiden: Brill, 1902 (Recueil de textes relatifs a l'histoire des Seldjoucides, vol. 4). Translated by Herbert W. Duda. Die Seltschukengeschichte des Ibn Bībī. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, [1959]Google Scholar
Ibn Funduq, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Zayd (d. 565/1169). Tārīkh-i Bayhaq. Edited by Bahmanyār, Aḥmad. Tehran: Kitābfurūshi-yi Furūghī, [196–]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Fuwaṭī, Kamāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Aḥmad (d. 723/1323). al-Ḥawādith al-jāmiʿa wa-l-tajārub al-nāfiʿa fī l-mi'a al-sābiʿa. Baghdad: al-Maktaba al-ʿArabiyya, [1351/1932–3]Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Haythamī (d. 974/1567). al-Zawājir ʿan iqtirāf al-kabāʾir. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1998Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 852/1449). Fatḥ al-bārī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Edited by al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb, Muḥibb. 14 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīal-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by al-Bajāwī, ʿAlī Muḥammad. 8 vols. Cairo: Dār Nahḍat Miṣr li-l-Ṭabʿ wa-l-Nashr, 1970–2Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīal-Īthār bi-maʿrifat ruwāt al-āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1413/1993Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīLisān al-mīzān. 3rd ed. Beirut: Muʾāssasat al-Aʿlamī, 1406/1986Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīTahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1404/1984Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīTalkhīṣ al-ḥabīr fī takhrīj aḥādīth al-Rāfiʿī al-kabīr. Edited by Hāshim al-Yamanī al-Madanī., Abū ʿAbd AllāḥMedina: Sharikat al-Ṭibʿa al-Fanniyya al-Muttaḥida, 1384/1964Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥamdūn, Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan (d. 562/1166). al-Tadhkira al-Ḥamdūniyya. Edited by Iḥsān, ʿAbbās. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1996Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 241/855). Faḍāʾil al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbbās, Waṣī Allāh b.. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1403/1983Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. MuḥammadMusnad. Cairo: Muʾassasat Qurṭuba, n.d. Also Cairo: n.p., 1368/[1949–50]Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 456/1064). al-Iḥkām fī uṣūl al-aḥkām. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1404/1984Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 456/1064).Marātib al-ijmāʿ. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1998Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 456/1064).al-Radd ʿalā Ibn al-Naghrīla. Cairo: Maktabat Dār al-ʿUrūba, 1960Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥibbān, Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad (d. 354/965). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by al-Arnaʾūṭ, Shuʿayb. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1414/1993Google Scholar
Ibn al-Humām, Kamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid (d. 861/1457). Fatḥ al-qadīr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī (d. 597/1200). Aḥkam al-nisāʾ. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, 1981Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīDhamm al-hawā. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1418/1998Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīal-ʿIlal al-mutanāhiyya fī l-aḥādīth al-wāhiya. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/1983Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīKashf al-mushkil min ḥadīth al-ṣaḥīḥayn. Edited by Ḥusayn al-Bawwāb, ʿAlī. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1418/1997Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīK. al-Mawḍūʿāt. Edited by Ḥamdān, Tawfīq. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415/1995Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīal-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa-l-mulūk. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1412/1992. Also edited Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 1357–8/[1938–40]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīK. al-Quṣṣās wa-l-mudhakkirīn. Edited and translated by Schwartz, Merlin. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1971Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīZād al-masīr fī ʿilm al-tafsīr. [Damascus]: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1964–8. Also Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414/1994Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīTalbīs Iblīs. Cairo: Idārat al-Ṭibāʾa al-Miṣriyya, 1352/[1933]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīal-Thabāt ʿinda l-mamāt. Beirut: Dār al-Jamīl, 1413/1993Google Scholar
Ibn Kathīr, Abū l-FidāʾIsmāʿīl b, ʿUmar (d. 774/1373). al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1966–Google Scholar
Ibn Kathīr, Abū l-FidāʾIsmāʿīl b, ʿUmar (d. 774/1373).Tafsīr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401/[1980–1]Google Scholar
Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (d. 784/1382). al-Muqaddima. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh al-Mandūh, Abū, Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyya, 1994. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. New York: Pantheon Books, 1958Google Scholar
Ibn Khallikān, Abū l-ʿAbbās Shams al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 681/1282). Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān. Edited by Iḥsān, ʿAbbās. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1398/[1977]Google Scholar
al-Khaṭīb, Ibn, Lisān al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Saʿīd (d. 776/1375). al-Iḥāṭa fī akhbār Gharnāṭa. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī, 1973. Also Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1956Google Scholar
Ibn Khazīma, Abū Bakr Muḥammad al-Sulamī al-Nīsābūrī (d. 311/923–4). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1390/1970Google Scholar
Ibn Māja, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Yazīd al-Qazwīnī (d. 273/887). Sunan. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram (d. 711/1311–12). Lisān al-ʿarab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [1955]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Marzubān, Muḥammad b. Khalaf (d. 309/921). Dhamm al-thuqalāʾ. Cologne: Manshūrāt al-Jamal, 1999Google Scholar
Ibn Miskawayh, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 421/1030). Tajārib al-umam. Edited by Amedroz, Henry F.. The Eclipse of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate, Vols. I and II. Oxford: Blackwell, 1920–1Google Scholar
Ibn al-Mubārak, ʿAbd Allāh (d. 181/797). Musnad. Edited by al-Sāmirāʾī, Ṣubḥī al-Badrī. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1407/[1986–7]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Mufliḥ, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad (d. 884/1479–80). al-Mubdiʿ fī sharḥ al-Muqniʿ. Edited by al-Shāwīsh, Zuhayr. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1974Google Scholar
Ibn al-Mufliḥ, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammadal-Nukat wa-l-fawāʾid al-sunniyya. 2nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1410/[1988–9]Google Scholar
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn b. Ibrāhīm (d. 970/1563). al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq sharḥ Kanz al-daqāʾiq. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn b. IbrāhīmRasāʾil. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1400/1980Google Scholar
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn b. IbrāhīmSharḥ risālat al-ṣaghāʾir wa-l-kabāʾir. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1401/1981Google Scholar
Ibn al-Qaysarānī, Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir (d. 507/1113). Dhakhīrat al-ḥuffāẓ. Edited by al-Faryawāʾī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Riyadh: Dār al-Salaf, 1416/1996Google Scholar
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr (d. 751/1350). Badāʾiʿ al-fawāʾid. Amman: Dār al-Qabas, 1986Google Scholar
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakral-Firāsa [al-Ṭuruq al-ḥukmiyya fī l-siyāsa al-sharʿiyya]. Edited by al-Sāmmarāʾī, Ṣalāḥ Aḥmad. Baghdad: [n.p.], 1986Google Scholar
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad b. Abī BakrRawḍat al-muḥibbīn. Amman: al-Maktaba al-Islāmiyya, 1988Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Muqaddasī (d. 620/1223). Dhamm al-taʾwīl. al-Jahrāʾ: Dār Ibn Athīr, 1995Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-MuqaddasīDhamm al-waswās. Damascus: Maktabat al-Fārūq, 1990Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Muqaddasīal-Kāfī fi fiqh al-Imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal. 3 vols. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, [1964]Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Muqaddasīal-Mughnī. 12 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1404/[1984–5]Google Scholar
Ibn Rajab, Zayn al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 795/1393). al-Takhwīf min al-nār. Damascus: Dār al-Bayān, 1399/1979Google Scholar
Ibn al-Rāzī, Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad al-Qummī (fl. fourth/tenth c.). Jāmiʿ al-aḥādīth. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmiyya, 1993Google Scholar
Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad (d. c. 230/845). al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. 9 vols. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1957–68Google Scholar
Ibn Saʿ īd, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Andalusī (d. 685/1286). al-Ghuṣūn al-yāniʿa fī maḥāsin shuʿarāʾ al-miʾa l-sābiʿa. Edited by al-Ibyārī, Ibrāhīm. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1968Google Scholar
Ibn al-Shiḥna, Ibrāhīm b. Abī l-Yaman Muḥammad (d. 880/1477–8). Lisān al-ḥukkām. Cairo: al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1393/1973Google Scholar
Ibn Sīda, ʿAlī b. Ismāʿ īl (d. 458/1066). al-Muḥkam wa-l-muḥīṭ al-aʿẓam. Edited by al-Hindāwī, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2000. Also Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1393/1973Google Scholar
Ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm (d. 728/1328). Fatāwa. Edited by al-Najdī, . Riyadh: Maṭābiʿ al-Riyāḍ, 1383/[1963–4]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā, Ṣafī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (fl. 701/1302), al-Fakhrī fī l-ādāb al-sulṭāniyya wa-l-duwal al-islāmiyya. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Raḥmāniyya, 1345/1927. Partially translated by C. E. J. Whitting. On the Systems of Government and the Moslem Dynasties. 1947. Repr. London: Darf Publishers, 1990Google Scholar
Ibn al-Turkumānī, ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān al-Mārdīnī (d. c. 745/1344). al-Jawhar al-naqī. Apud Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī's al-Sunan al-kubrā. 10 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyya, 1344–56/[1925–37]. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Ibn al-Ukhuwwa, Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 729/1329). Maʿālim al-qurba fī aḥkām al-ḥisba. Edited by Levy, Reuben. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938Google Scholar
Innes, Brian. The History of Torture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998Google Scholar
al-ʿIṣāmī, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Ḥusayn al-ʿĀṣimī al-Makkī (d. 1111/1699). Samṭ al-nujūm al-ʿawālī fī anbāʾ al-awāʾil wa-l-tawālī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419/1998Google Scholar
al-Iṣfahānī, ʿAlī b. Abī Khafṣ b. al-Faqīh Muḥammad (fl. c. 600/1203). Tuḥfat al-mulūk. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382/2003Google Scholar
Iskandar, Albert L.A Doctor's Book on Zoology: al-Marwazī's Ṭabāʾiʿ al-Ḥayawān (Nature of Animals) Reassessed.” Oriens 27–28 (1981), pp. 266–312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Sherman A.Domestic Terrorism in the Islamic Legal Tradition.” Muslim World 91 (2001), pp. 293–310CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, Georg. Altarabisches Beduinenleben. 1897. Repr. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1967Google Scholar
Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad (d. 898/1492). Mathnawī-yi haft awrang. Edited by Gīlānī, Aqā Murtaṣṣī-Mudarris. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī Saʿdī, 1337/[1958]Google Scholar
al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 370/981). Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Edited by Qamhān, M.. Cairo: Dār al-Muṣḥaf, [1965]Google Scholar
al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ʿAlīal-Fuṣūl fī l-uṣūl. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shuʾūn al-Dīniyya, 1405/[1984–5]Google Scholar
al-Jazīrī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-arbaʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1422/2002Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Apostasy as Objective and Depersonalized Fact: Two Recent Egyptian Court Judgments.” Social Research 70, 2 (2003), pp. 687–710Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “La corruption: un délit contre l'ordre social: les qāḍī-s de Bukhārā.” Annales 57, 6 (2002), pp. 1561–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Eigentum, Familie und Obrigkeit im hanafitischen Strafrecht: das Verhältnis der privaten Rechte zu den Forderungen der Allgemeinheit in hanafitischen Rechtskommentaren.” Die Welt des Islams 19 (1979), pp. 1–73Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“La mise en scène du vol par les juristes musulmanes.” In: di Bella, Maria Pia (ed.). Vols et sanctions en Méditerranée. Amsterdam: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines, 1998, pp. 41–74Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “The Muslim Fiqh as a Sacred Law: Religion, Law and Ethics in a Normative System.” In: Johansen. Contingency in a Sacred Law: Legal and Ethical Norms in the Muslim fiqh. Leiden: Brill, 1999, pp. 1–76Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Signs as Evidence: The Doctrine of Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 1351).” Islamic Law and Society 9, 2 (2002), pp. 168–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Die sündige, gesunde Amme: Moral und gesetzliche Bestimmung (ḥukm) im islamischen Recht.” Welt des Islams 28 (1988), pp. 264–82Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“The Valorization of the Human Body in Muslim Sunnī Law.” In: Stewart, Devin, Johansen, Baber, and Singer, Amy (eds.). Law and Society in Islam. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1996, pp. 71–112Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“Verité et torture: ius commune et droit musulman entre le Xe et le XIIe siècle.” In: Héritier, Françoise (ed.). De la violence. Paris: Editions O. Jacob, 1996, pp. 123–68Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“Wahrheit und Geltungsanspruch: zur Begründung und Begrenzung der Autorität des Qadi-Urteils im islamischen Recht.” In: Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo (ed.). La giustizia nell'alto Medioevo, secoli IX–XI: 11–17 aprile 1996. Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, 1997, pp. 975–1065
Johansen, Baber. “Zum Prozeβrecht der ʿUqūbāt.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 127 (1977), pp. 477–486. Repr. in: Johansen. Contingency in a Sacred Law. Leiden: Brill, 1999, pp. 421–33Google Scholar
Johnson, Hervert A. and Wolfe, Nancy Travis. History of Criminal Justice. 1988. Cincinnati: Anderson, 2003Google Scholar
al-Jurjānī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 816/1413). al-Taʿrīfāt. Edited by Flügel, Gustav. Leipzig: Sumptibus F. C. G. Vogelii, 1845Google Scholar
Juwaynī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAṭā Malik (d. 681/1283). Tārīkh-i Jahāngushā. Edited by Muḥammad Qazvini, Mirza. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1912–37Google Scholar
Juwaynī, Muʾayyad al-Dawla Muntajib al-Dīn Badīʿ (d. c. 551/1157). ʿAtabat al-kataba. Edited by Qazvīnī, Muḥammad and Iqbāl, ʿAbbās. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Chāp, 1329 sh./[1950]Google Scholar
al-Juzjānī, Minhāj-i Sirāj (d. after 664/1265). Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī. Edited by Ḥabībī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy. Tehran: Dunyā-yi Kitāb, 1363/[1984–5]. Translated by H. G. Raverty. The Tabaqāt-i Nāṣirī. 1881. Repr. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1991Google Scholar
Kafesoǧlu, İbrahim. Sultan Melikşah devrinde büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluǧu. Istanbul: O. Yalçin Matbaasi, 1953Google Scholar
al-Kaffawī, Abū l-Baqāʾ Ayyūb b. Mūsā al-Ḥusaynī al-Kaffawī (d. 1094/1682–3). al-Kulliyāt muʿjam fī al-muṣṭalaḥāt wa-l-furūq al-lughawiyya. Edited by Darwīsh, ʿAdnān and al-Maṣrī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1419/1998Google Scholar
Kaḥḥāla, ʿUmar Riḍā. Muʿjam al-muʾallifīn. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1414/1993Google Scholar
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1991Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. The Critique of Judgement. 1781. Translated by J. C. Meredith. Oxford: Clarendon, 1928Google Scholar
Kantorowicz, Ernst Hartwig. The King's Two Bodies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957Google Scholar
Karamustafa, Ahmet. God's Unruly Friends: Dervish Groups in the Islamic Later Middle Period, 1200–1500. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994Google Scholar
al-Kāsānī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū Bakr b. Masʿūd (d. 587/1189). Badāʾiʿ al-ṣanāʾiʿ fī tartīb al-sharāʾiʿ. 7 vols. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Jamāliyya, 1910. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1982Google Scholar
Kaykāʾūs b. Iskandar b. Qābūs b. Washmgīr (d. c. 480/1087–8). Qābūsnāma. Edited by Levy, Reuben. London: Luzac, 1951. Translated by Reuben Levy. A Mirror for Princes: The Qābūs Nāma. London: Cresset Press, 1951Google Scholar
Kermani, Navid. Der Schrecken Gottes: Attar, Hiob und die metaphysische Revolte. Munich: Beck, 2005Google Scholar
Kettermann, Günter. Atlas zur Geschichte des Islam. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2001Google Scholar
al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Farāhidī (d. c. 175/791). K. al-ʿAyn. Edited by al-Makhzūmī, Mahdī. [Baghdad]: Wizārat al-Thaqāfa wa-l-Iʿlām, 1980–5Google Scholar
al-Kharīsha, Fawāz Ḥamad. “Kitāba ʿarabiyya bi-l-khaṭṭ al-thamūdī min al-Urdun.” Adumatu 2 (2000), pp. 59–70Google Scholar
al-Khaṣṣāf, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿUmar (d. 261/875). Adab al-qāḍī. Cairo: American University Press, 1978. Translated by Munīr Aḥmad Mughal. Ādāb al-qāḍī: Islamic Legal and Judicial System. Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1999Google Scholar
al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 463/1071). Tārīkh Baghdād. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
al-Khāzin al-Baghdādī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 741/1341). Tafsīr [Lubāb al-taʾwīl fī maʿānī al-tanzīl]. Cairo: Ḥasan Ḥilmī al-Kutubī, 1318/1900–1Google Scholar
al-Khūyī, Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Muʾmin (fl. late seventh/thirteenth c.). Rusūm al-rasāʾil wa-nujūm al-faḍāʾil. Edited by Sadiq Erzi, Adnan. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1963Google Scholar
Khwāndamīr, Ghiyāth al-Dīn b. Humām al-Dīn (d. c. 942/1535). Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī ū Chāpkhāna-yi Iqbāl, 1317/[1938–9]Google Scholar
Khwāndamīr, Ghiyāth al-Dīn b. Humām al-Dīn (d. c. 942/1535).Ḥabīb al-siyar fī akhbār afrād bashar. Edited by Siyāqī, Muḥammad. [Tehran]: Kitābfurūshi-yi Khayyām, 1362/[1983]Google Scholar
Kinberg, Leah. “Interaction Between This World and the Afterworld in Early Islamic Tradition.” Oriens 29–30 (1986), pp. 285–308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Kirmānī, Afḍal al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Ḥamid (fl. 570/1174–584/1188). ʿIqd al-ūlā fī mawqif al-aʿlā. Tehran: Rūzbahān, [1977]Google Scholar
al-Kisāʾī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh (fl. fifth/eleventh c.). Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. Edited by Shibl, Khālid. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2004. Translated by Wheeler Thackston. Tales of the Prophets. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978Google Scholar
Klausner, Carla. The Seljuk Vezirate: A Study of Civil Administration 1055–1194. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973Google Scholar
Klein, Yaron. “Between Public and Private: An Examination of Ḥisba Literature.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 7 (2006), pp. 41–62Google Scholar
Klug, Ulrich. Juristische Logik. 4th rev. ed. Berlin: Springer, 1982CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köymen, Mehmet Altay. Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluǧu tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1954Google Scholar
Kraemer, Joel. “Apostates, Rebels and Brigands.” Israel Oriental Studies 10 (1980), pp. 35–73Google Scholar
Kresmárik, Johann. “Beiträge zur Beleuchtung des islamitischen Strafrechts mit Rücksicht auf Theorie und Praxis in der Türkei.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 58 (1904), pp. 69–113Google Scholar
Kropp, Manfred. “Individual Public Confessions and Pious ex voto, or Stereotypical and Stylized Trial Document and Stigmatizing Tablet for the Pillory? The Expiation Texts in Ancient South Arabian.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 32 (2002), pp. 203–8Google Scholar
al-Kussī, ʿAbd Ibn Ḥamīd (d. 249/863). Musnad. Edited by al-Sāmmarāʾī, Ṣubḥī al-Badrī and al-Ṣaʿīdī, Maḥmūd Muḥammad Khalīl. Cairo: Maktabat al-Sunna, 1408/1988Google Scholar
al-Lālakāʾī, Abū l-Qāsim Hibat Allāh b. al-Ḥasan (d. 418/1027). Iʿtiqād ahl al-sunna wa-l-jamāʿa. Riyadh: Dār Ṭība, 1402/[1981–2]Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.The Administration of Sanjar's Empire as Illustrated in the ʿAtabat al-Kataba.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 20 (1957), pp. 367–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.Changing Concepts of Justice and Injustice from the 5th/11th Century to the 8th/14th Century in Persia: The Saljuq Empire and the Ilkhanate.” Studia Islamica 68 (1988), pp. 27–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.“Contributions to the Study of Seljuq Institutions.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 1939
Lambton, Ann K. S.The Dilemma of Government in Islamic Persia: The Siyāsat-nāma of Niẓām al-Mulk.” Iran 22 (1984), pp. 55–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.“The Internal Structure of the Seljuq Empire.” In: Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 203–83Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.“Islamic Mirrors for Princes.” Atti del Convegno internazionale sul tema: la Persia nel Medioevo. Rome: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1971, pp. 419–42Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.State and Government in Medieval Islam: An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981Google Scholar
Lane, Edward William. An Arabic–English Lexicon. London and Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, 1863Google Scholar
Lange, Christian. “Ḥisba and the Problem of Overlapping Jurisdictions: An Introduction to, and Translation of, the Ḥisba Diplomas in Qalqashandī's Ṣubḥ al-aʿshāʾ.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 7 (2006), pp. 85–107Google Scholar
Lange, Christian. “Legal and Cultural Aspects of Ignominious Parading (Tashhīr) in Islam.” Islamic Law and Society 14, 1 (2007), pp. 81–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laoust, Henri. La politique de Ghazālī. Paris: P. Geuthner, 1970Google Scholar
Laqueur, Walter and Rubin, Barry (eds.). The Human Rights Reader. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979Google Scholar
Larenz, Karl. Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft. 1960. Berlin: Springer, 1991CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leder, Stefan. “Aspekte arabischer und persischer Fürstenspiegel.” In: Beltz, Walter and Günther, Sebastian (eds.). Erlesenes: Sonderheft der Halleschen Beiträge zur Orientwissenschaft anlässlich des 19. Kongresses der Union Européenne d'Arabisants et Islamisants. Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität, 1998, pp. 120–51Google Scholar
Leder, Stefan. Ibn al-Ǧauzī und seine Kompilation wider die Leidenschaft: der Traditionist in gelehrter Überlieferung und originärer Lehre. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1984Google Scholar
LeGoff, Jacques. The Medieval Imagination. 1985. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988Google Scholar
LeGoff, Jacques. La naissance du purgatoire. 1981. The Birth of Purgatory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984Google Scholar
Lentz, Matthias. “Schmähbriefe und Schandbilder als Medien außergerichtlicher Konfliktbewältigung: von der sozialen Sanktion zur öffentlichen Strafe (14.–16. Jahrhundert).” In: Schlosser, Hans and Willoweit, Dietmar (eds.). Neue Wege strafrechtsgeschichtlicher Forschung. Cologne: Böhlau, 1999, pp. 55–81Google Scholar
LeStrange, Guy. Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate. 1900. Repr. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983Google Scholar
LeStrange, Guy. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1901Google Scholar
Levi, Edward H.An Introduction to Legal Reasoning. [Chicago]: University of Chicago Press, 1949Google Scholar
Levy, Reuben. A Baghdad Chronicle. 1929. Repr. Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1977Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. Race and Color in Islam. New York: Harper & Row, 1970Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard.“Siyāsa.” In: Green, A. H. (ed.). In Quest of an Islamic Humanism: Arabic and Islamic Studies in Memory of Mohamed al-Nowaihi. Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 1984, pp. 3–14Google Scholar
Littmann, Enno (tr.). Die Erzählungen aus Tausendundein Nächten. 1923. Wiesbaden: Insel, 1953Google Scholar
al-Maʿarrī, Abū l-ʿAlāʾ (d. 449/1058). Risālat al-ghufrān. Edited by al-Shāṭiʾ, Bint. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, [1956]. Partially translated by Gregor Schoeler. Paradies und Hölle: die Jenseitsreise aus dem “Sendschreiben über die Vergebung”. Munich: Beck, 2002Google Scholar
MacDonald, John. “Islamic Eschatology III: The Twilight of the Dead.” Islamic Studies 4 (1965), pp. 55–102Google Scholar
MacDonald, John. “Islamic Eschatology VI: Paradise.” Islamic Studies 5 (1966), pp. 331–83Google Scholar
Madelung, Wilferd. “Apocalyptic Prophecies in Ḥimṣ in the Umayyad Age.” Journal of Semitic Studies 31 (1986), pp. 141–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Māfarrūkhī, al-Mufaḍḍal b. Saʿd (fl. first half fifth/eleventh c.). Maḥāsin Iṣfahān. Edited by al-Dīn al-Tihrānī, Jalāl. Tehran: Maṭbaʿat Majlis, [1933]. Translated by Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Āwī, Tarjama-yi Maḥāsin-i Iṣfahān. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahām-i Chāp, [1949]Google Scholar
Maghen, Ze'ev. “Close Encounters: Some Preliminary Observations on the Transmission of Impurity in Early Sunnī Jurisprudence.” Islamic Law and Society 6, 3 (1999), pp. 348–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maghen, Ze'ev. “First Blood: Purity, Edibility, and the Independence of Islamic Jurisprudence.” Der Islam 81, 1 (2004), pp. 49–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makdisi, George. Ibn ʿAqīl et la résurgence de l'Islam traditionaliste au XIe siècle (Ve siècle de l'Hégire). Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 1963CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makdisi, George. “Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 24 (1961), pp. 1–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makdisi, George. “Les rapports entre calife et sulṭān à l'époque saljūqide.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 6 (1975), pp. 228–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Makkī, Abū Ṭālib Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Ḥārithī (d. 386/998). Qūṭ al-qulūb fī muʿāmalat al-maḥbūb. Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1961. Translated by Richard Gramlich. Die Nahrung der Herzen. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1992–5Google Scholar
Makris, Georgios. “Justinian II.” In: Bautz, Friedrich Wilhem (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon. Hamm: T. Bautz, 1970–, vol. III, pp. 896–7Google Scholar
Mālik b. Anas, Abū ʿAbd Allāh (d. 179/795). al-Muwaṭṭaʾ. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad. 2 vols. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
Malti-Douglas, Fedwa. “Texts and Tortures: The Reign of al-Muʿtaḍid and the Construction of Historical Meaning.” Arabica 46 (1999), pp. 313–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Marghinānī, Burhān al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl (d. 593/1196). Bidāyat al-mubtadī. Cairo: Maktabat wa-Maṭbaʿat Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣubḥ, n.d.
al-Marghinānī, Burhān al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl (d. 593/1196).al-Hidāya sharḥ al-Bidāya. Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1975. Translated by Charles Hamilton. The Hedaya, or Guide: A Commentary on the Mussulman Laws. London: Allen Co., 1870Google Scholar
Marlowe, Christopher (d. 1593). Doctor Faustus. Edited by Bevington, Dave and Rasmussen, Eric. Doctor Faustus A- and B-texts (1604, 1616): Christopher Marlowe and His Collaborator and Revisers. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993Google Scholar
Martinage, Renée. Histoire du droit pénal en Europe. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1998Google Scholar
Massignon, Louis. La passion de Husayn Ibn Mansūr Hallāj. 1922. Repr. Paris: Gallimard, 1975Google Scholar
Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David. “Qāḍīs and Their Courts: An Historical Survey.” In: Masud, Peters, and Powers, (eds.). Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and Their Judgments. Leiden: Brill, 2006, pp. 1–44Google Scholar
Masuzawa, Tomoko. “Culture.” In: Taylor, Marc C. (ed.). Critical Terms for Religious Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, pp. 70–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 450/1058). Adab al-qāḍī. Baghdad: Riʾāsat Dīwān al-Awqāf, [1971–2]. Partially translated by Irene Schneider. Das Bild des Richters in der “adab al-qāḍī”-Literatur. Frankfurt: P. Lang, 1990Google Scholar
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammadal-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya. Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1386/1966. Also Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tawfīqiyya, [1978]Google Scholar
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. MuḥammadTafsīr. Edited by Muḥammad Khiḍr, Khiḍr. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf, 1982Google Scholar
al-Maybudī, Abū l-Faḍl Rashīd al-Dīn (fl. 520/1126). Kashf al-asrār wa-ʿiddat al-abrār. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh, 1339sh./[1960]Google Scholar
al-Maydānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 518/1124). Majmaʿ al-amthāl. Edited by Habicht, Christian M.. Bratislava: Typis universitatis, 1826. Also edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijāriyya al-Kubrā, 1959Google Scholar
Mediano, Fernando Rodríguez. “Justice, crime et châtiment au Maroc au 16e siècle.” Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales 51, 3 (1996), pp. 611–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, Fritz. “The Ultimate Origin and the Hereafter in Islam.” In: Tikku, Girdhari L. (ed.). Islam and Its Cultural Divergence: Studies in Honor of Gustave E. von Grunebaum. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, [1971], pp. 96–112Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. “Exemplary Lives, Exemplary Deaths: The Execution of Ḥasanak.” In: Vázquez de Benito, Concepción and Rodríguez, Manzano, Angel, Miguel (eds.). Actas, XVI Congreso UEAI. Salamanca: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 1995, pp. 357–64Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. Medieval Persian Court Poetry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Ya'kov. “The Development of Legal Thought in the Ḥanafī Texts.” Studia Islamica 30 (1969), pp. 73–118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Ya'kov. “Research Note: Marghīnānī, His Method and His Legacy.” Islamic Law and Society 9, 3 (2002), pp. 410–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, Jonas. “Die Hölle im Islam.” Ph.D. dissertation, Basel University, 1901
Mez, Adam. The Renaissance of Islam. 1922. London: Luzac, 1937Google Scholar
al-Mīhanī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Khāliq (fl. 575/1180). Dastūr-i dabīrī. Edited by Sadιq Erzi, Adnan. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1962Google Scholar
Milliot, Louis and Blanc, F.-P.Introduction à l'étude du droit musulman. 2nd ed. Paris: Sirey, 1987Google Scholar
Mills, Robert. Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture. London: Reaktion Books, 2005Google Scholar
Milson, Menahem. A Sufi Rule for Novices: Kitāb Ādāb al-Muridīn of Abū al-Najīb al-Suhrawardī. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975Google Scholar
Minois, George. Histoire de l'enfer. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994Google Scholar
Miquel, André.La géographie humaine du monde musulman jusq'au milieu du 11e siècle, vol. III, Le milieu naturel. Paris: Mouton, 1980Google Scholar
al-Mizzī, Yūsuf b. al-Zakī (d. 742/1341). Tahdhīb al-kamāl fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. Edited by ʿAwwād Maʿrūf, Bashshār. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1400/1980Google Scholar
Mohammed, Khaleelul Iqbal. “Development of an Archetype: Studies in the Shurayḥ Traditions.” Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 2001
Monfarrer Sala, Juan Pedro. “A propósito de Wādī Yahannam.” Al-Andalus Maghreb 5 (1997), pp. 149–162Google Scholar
Moosa, Ebrahim. Ghazālī and the Poetics of Imagination. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005Google Scholar
Morabia, Alfred, “Recherches sur quelques noms de couleur en arabe classique.” Studia Islamica 21 (1964), pp. 61–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David. Medieval Persia 1040–1797. London: Longman, 1988Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy. Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society. 1980. London: Tauris, 2001Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy.“Some Attitudes Towards Monarchy and Absolutism in the Eastern Islamic World of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries AD.” In: Kraemer, Joel L. and Alon, Ilai (eds.). Religion and Government in the World of Islam. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Publishing, 1983, pp. 86–91Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy and Stilt, Kristen. “Public and Private as Viewed Through the Work of the Muhtasib.” Social Research 70, 3 (2003), pp. 735–48Google Scholar
Motzki, Harald. “The Role of Non-Arab Converts in Early Islamic Law.” Islamic Law and Society 6, 3 (1999), pp. 293–317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm (fl. 1025/1616). Tārīkh-i Kirmān. Edited by Houtsma, M. T.. Leiden: Brill, 1886 (Recueil de textes relatifs à l'histoire des Seljoucides, vol. 1). Partially translated by M. T. Houtsma. “Zur Geschichte der Selǧuqen von Kermān.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 39 (1885), pp. 362–402Google Scholar
al-Muḥāsibī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥārith b. Asad (d. 243/857). K. al-Tawahhum. Edited and translated by Roman, André. Une vision humaine des fins dernières. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1978Google Scholar
Muʿ īn, Muḥammad. Farhang-i fārsī. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1963Google Scholar
Müller, Kathrin. “Al-Ḥanīn ilā l-Awṭān in Early Adab Literature.” In: Neuwirth, Angelika, Embalo, Birgit et al. (eds.). Myths, Historical Archetypes and Symbolic Figures in Arabic Literature: Towards a New Hermeneutic Approach. Proceedings of the International Symposium in Beirut, June 25–30, 1996. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999, pp. 33–58Google Scholar
al-Munāwī, ʿAbd al-Raʾūf b. Tāj al-ʿĀrifīn (d. 1031/1621). Fayḍ al-qadīr. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijāriyya al-Kubrā, 1356/[1937–8]Google Scholar
al-Munāwī, ʿAbd al-Raʾūf b. Tāj al-ʿĀrifīn (d. 1031/1621).al-Taysīr bi-l-jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī, 1408/1988Google Scholar
Bāshī, Münejjim (d. 1113/1702). Jāmiʿ al-duwal. Bayzit Umumui Kütübhame MS No. 5019 and Topkapi Sarai MS No. 2954. Partially edited and translated by S. A. Hasan. “Münejjim Bāshī's Account of Sulṭan Malīk Shah's Reign.” Islamic Studies 3, 4 (1964), pp. 429–69Google Scholar
Munṭaẓirī, ʿAlī Ḥusayn. K. al-ḥudūd fī mabāḥith al-zinā wa-l-liwāṭ wa-l-saḥq wa-l-qiyāda. Qum: Intishārāt-i Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Murray, Stephen O. “The Will Not to Know: Islamic Accommodations of Male Homosexuality.” In: Murray, , and Roscoe, W. (eds.). Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 14–54Google Scholar
Murṭadā al-Zabīdī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 1791). Tāj al-ʿarūs. Cairo: Dār al-Hidāya, n.d.
Muslim, Abū l-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī al-Nīsābūrī (d. 261/875). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d. [Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1991]Google Scholar
al-Muṭarrizī, Nāṣir b. ʿAbd al-Sayyid (d. 610/1213). al-Mughrib fī tartīb al-muʿrib. 2 vols. Aleppo: Maktabat Usāmah ibn Zayd, 1979–82Google Scholar
al-Muttaqī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 975/1567). Kanz al-ʿummāl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419/1998Google Scholar
al-Muzanī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 204/878). al-Mukhtaṣar. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1393/1973Google Scholar
al-Nafrāwī, Aḥmad b. Ghunaym (d. 1125/1713). al-Fawākih al-dīwānī. [Beirut]: Dār al-Fikr, 1415/2000Google Scholar
Nagel, Tilman. Die Festung des Glaubens: Triumph und Scheitern des islamischen Rationalismus im 11. Jahrhundert. Munich: Beck, 1988Google Scholar
al-Naḥḥās, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 338/950). Maʿānī l-Qurʾān. Mecca: Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1409–/1988Google Scholar
Najjar, Fawzi. “Siyasa in Islamic Political Thought.” In: Marmura, Michael E. (ed.). Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani. Albany: SUNY Press, 1984, pp. 92–110Google Scholar
al-Narshakhī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar (fl. 332/943). Tārīkh-i Bukhārā. Edited by Razavī, Mudarris. Tehran: Tūs, 1363 [1984]Google Scholar
al-Nasāʾī, Aḥmad b. Shuʿayb (d. 303/915). al-Sunan al-kubrā. Edited by Sulaymān al-Bundārī, ʿAbd al-Ghaffār and Ḥasan, Sayyid Kisrawī. 6 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1411/1991Google Scholar
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf al-Dīn (d. 676/1277). al-Majmūʿ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1997Google Scholar
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf al-DīnRawḍat al-ṭālibīn wa-ʿumdat al-muftiyīn. Edited by Zuhayr al-Shāwīsh, Muḥammad. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1405/1991Google Scholar
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf al-DīnSharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1392/[1972–3]
Netton, Ian Richard. “The Perils of Allegory: Medieval Islam and the Angel of the Grave.” In: Netton, (ed.). Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth, vol. I, Hunter of the East. Leiden: Brill, 2000, pp. 417–27Google Scholar
Nielsen, Jorgen S.Secular Justice in an Islamic State: Maẓālim Under the Bahrī Mamlūks 662/1264–789/1387. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1985Google Scholar
al-Nīshāpūrī, Ẓahīr al-Dīn (fl. 585/1190). Saljūqnāma. Tehran: Chāpkhāna-yi Khāwur, 1332 sh./[1953–4]. Also edited by Morton, A. H.. London: E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2004Google Scholar
Niẓam al-Mulk, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Isḥāq (d. 485/1092). Siyāsatnāma. Edited by Drake, Hubert. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1962Google Scholar
Niẓāmī ʿArūḍī Samarqandī (wrote c. 551/1156). Chahār maqāla. Edited by Muʿīn, Muḥammad. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1334/[1955]. Translated by Edward G. Browne. The Four Discourses. Reprinted from Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society July and October 1899. London: Luzac, 1921Google Scholar
Nöldecke, Theodor. Orientalische Skizzen. 1892. Repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1974Google Scholar
Nuʿaym b. Ḥammad al-Marwazī (d. 228/843). Kitāb al-Fitan. Edited by Zakkār, S.. Mecca: n.p., [1991]Google Scholar
al-Nūrī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf (d. 676/1277–8). Sharḥ al-Nūrī ʿalā ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1392/[1972]Google Scholar
O'Shaughnessy, Thomas. “The Seven Names for Hell in the Qurʾān.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 24 (1961), pp. 444–69Google Scholar
O'Shaughnessy, Thomas. “Sin as Alienation in Christianity and Islam.” Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas 14 (1978), pp. 127–35Google Scholar
Orsi, Robert. “Jesus Held Him So Close in His Love for Him that He Left the Marks of His Passion on His Body.” In: Orsi. Between Heaven and Earth: The Religious Worlds People Make and the Scholars Who Study Them. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005, pp. 1–18Google Scholar
Otto, Rudolf. Das Heilige: über das Irrationale in der Idee des Göttlichen und sein Verhältnis zum Rationalen. 1917. Munich: Beck, 1979Google Scholar
Otto-Dorn, Katharina. “Die Landschaftsdarstellung in der seldschukischen Malerei.” In: Haarmann, Ulrich and Bachmann, Peter (eds.). Die islamische Welt zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit: Festschrift für Hans Robert Roemer zum 65. Geburtstag. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1979 (Beiruter Texte und Studien, vol. 22), pp. 503–29Google Scholar
Otto-Dorn, Katharina. “Das seldschukische Thronbild.” Persica 10 (1982), pp. 149–203Google Scholar
Oxford English Dictionary. New ed. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000
Özaydin, Abdülkerim. Sultan Muhammed Tapar devri Selçuklu tarihi: 498–511/1105–1118. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1990Google Scholar
Pancaroǧlu, Oya. “The Emergence of Turkish Dynastic Presence in the Islamic World: Cultural Experiences and Artistic Horizons, 950–1250.” In: Roxburgh, David J. (ed.). Turks: A Journey of a Thousand Years, 600–1600. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005, pp. 70–101Google Scholar
Pancaroǧlu, Oya.“‘A World Unto Himself’: The Rise of New Human Image in the Late Seljuq Period (1150–1250).” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2000
Paret, Rudi. Der Koran: Kommentar und Konkordanz. 1971. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1993Google Scholar
Paret, Rudi. Der Koran: Übersetzung. 1966. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1993Google Scholar
Paret, Rudi.“Textbelege zum islamischen Bilderverbot.” In: Fegers, Hans (ed.). Das Werk des Künstlers: Hubert Schrade zum 60. Geburtstag. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1960, pp. 36–48Google Scholar
al-Pazdawī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 482/1089). Uṣūl al-fiqh. Karachi: Maṭbaʿat Jāwīd Barīs, n.d.
al-Pazdawī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 493/1100). Uṣūl al-dīn. Edited by Peter Lins, Hans. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1963Google Scholar
Peirce, Leslie. Morality Tales: Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court of Aintab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003Google Scholar
Pellat, Charles. “Un traité de ḥisba signé: Saladin.” In: Traini, R. (ed.). Studi in onore di Francesco Gabrieli nel suo ottantesimo compleanno. Rome: Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” 1984, pp. 593–8Google Scholar
Pestritto, Ronald J.Founding the Criminal Law: Punishment and Political Thought in the Origins of America. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000Google Scholar
Peters, Edward. Torture. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985Google Scholar
Peters, Rudolph. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge Unversity Press, 2005Google Scholar
Preston, Theodore. Makamat or Rhetorical Anecdotes. 1850. Repr. London: Darf Publishers, 1986Google Scholar
Puente, Cristina de la. “En las cárceles del poder: prisión en al-Andalus bajo los Omeyas (ss. II/VIII–IV/X).” In: Fierro, Maribel (ed.). De muerte violenta: política, religion y violencia en al-Andalus (Estudios onomástico-biográficos de al-Andalus 14). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2004, pp. 103–33Google Scholar
al-Qāḍī, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Aḥmad (fl. late sixth/twelfth c.). Daqāʾiq al-akhbār fī dhikr al-janna wa-l-nār. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1404/1984. Translated by Āʿisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Tarjumāna. The Islamic Book of the Dead. Norwich: Diwan Press, 1977. Also translated by M. Wolff. Mohammedanische Eschatologie. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1872. Repr. Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 2002. Also translated by Stefan Makowski. Das Totenbuch des Islam. Bern: Scherz, 1981Google Scholar
al-Qadi, Wadad. “Expressions of Alienation in Early Arabic Literature.” In: Neuwirth, Angelika, Embalo, Birgit et al. (eds.). Myths, Historical Archetypes and Symbolic Figures in Arabic Literature: Towards a New Hermeneutic Approach, Proceedings of the International Symposium in Beirut, June 25–30, 1996. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999, pp. 3–31Google Scholar
Qāḍīkhān, al-Ḥasan b. Manẓūr al-Ūzjandī al-Farghānī (d. 592/1196). Fatāwā. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1973 (Būlāq: al-Maṭba'a al-Amīriyya, 1310/[1892–3]). Apud Shaykh Niẓām et al., al-Fatāwa al-hindiyya [al-Fatāwa al-ʿālamgīriyya]Google Scholar
al-Qalqashandī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad (d. 821/1418). Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā fī ṣināʿat al-inshāʾ. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya, 1918–22Google Scholar
al-Qarāfī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Idrīs (d. 684/1285). al-Dhakhīra. Edited by Ḥajjī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb, 1994Google Scholar
al-Qārī, ʿAlī b. Sulṭān Muḥammad al-Harāwī (d. 1014/1605–6). Mirqāt al-mafātīḥ shārḥ Mishkāt al-maṣābīḥ. 11 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1422/2001Google Scholar
al-Qazwīnī, Ḥamd Allāh Mustawfī (fl. 1330–1340). Tārīkh-i guzīda. London: Luzac, 1910– (E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, vol. 14)Google Scholar
al-Quḍāʿ ī, AbūʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Salāma (d. 454/1062). Musnad al-shihāb. Edited by ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salafī, Ḥamdī. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1985Google Scholar
al-Qummī, Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad Ibn al-Rāzī (fl. fourth/tenth c.). Jāmiʿ al-aḥādīth. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmiyya, 1993Google Scholar
al-Qummī, Najm al-Dīn Abū l-Rajāʾ (fl. 584/1188). Tārīkh al-wuzarāʾ. Tehran: Muʾassasat-yi Muṭālaʿāt ū Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1363/[1985]Google Scholar
al-Qurṭubī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 671/1272). Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. 8 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Shaʿb, n.d.
al-Qurṭubī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 671/1272).Tadhkirat aḥwāl al-mawtā wa-umūr al-ākhira. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Ḥalabī, 1400/1980Google Scholar
al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin (d. 465/1072). K. al-Miʿrāj. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Ḥadītha, 1384/1964Google Scholar
al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin (d. 465/1072).al-Risāla al-Qushayriyya. Edited by Zarīq, Maʿrūf Muṣṭafā. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, 2005Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy. “Liturgies and Lies.” International Yearbook for Sociology of Knowledge and Religion 10 (1976), pp. 75–104Google Scholar
Rashīd al-Dīn, Fāḍl Allāh Ṭabīb (d. 718/1318). Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh. Partially edited by Dānishpazhūh, M. Taqī and Zanjānī, M. Mudarrisī. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjam ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1337 sh./[1959]. Partially translated by Kenneth A. Luther. The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jāmi' al-tawārīkh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljūq-nāma of Ẓahīr al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Edited by C. E. Bosworth. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2001Google Scholar
al-Rāwandī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Sulaymān (fl. beginning of seventh/thirteenth c.). Rāḥat al-suḍūr wa-āyāt al-surūr. Edited by Iqbāl, Muḥammad. London: Luzac, 1921. Partially translated by Charles Schefer. “Tableau du règne de Mouïzz Eddin Aboul Harith, Sultan Sindjar.” In: Leroux, Ernest (ed.). Nouveaux mélanges orientaux. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1886, pp. 1–30Google Scholar
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 606/1210). al-Maḥṣūl fī ʿilm al-uṣūl. Edited by Jābir Fayyāḍ al-ʿAlwānī, Ṭahā. 6 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1412/1992Google Scholar
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 606/1210).al-Risāla fī ʿilm al-firāsa. Edited and translated by Mourad, Youssef. La physiognomie arabe et le Kitāb al-firāsa de Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Paris: Geuthner, 1939Google Scholar
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 606/1210).al-Tafsīr al-kabīr [Mafātīḥ al-ghayb]. 32 vols. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Bahiyya al-Miṣriyya, 1934–62. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421/2000Google Scholar
Reinhart, Kevin. “Impurity/No Danger.” History of Religions 30, 1 (1990), pp. 1–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinhart, Kevin. “Response to Eric Ormsby's Review of Before Revelation in Islamic Law and Society, 5.1.” Islamic Law and Society 6, 3 (1999), pp. 417–19Google Scholar
Richter-Bernburg, Lutz. Der Syrische Blitz: Saladins Sekretär zwischen Selbstdarstellung und Geschichtsschreibung. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1998Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul. Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970Google Scholar
Ringgren, Helmer. Islām, ʾaslama and Muslim. Uppsala: C. W. K. Gleerup, 1949Google Scholar
Ritter, Hellmut. Das Meer der Seele: Mensch, Welt und Gott in den Geschichten des Fariduddin Attar. Leiden: Brill, 1955Google Scholar
Robinson, Chase F.Islamic Historiography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003Google Scholar
Robson, J.Is the Moslem Hell Eternal?Moslem World (1938), pp. 386–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, Franz. A History of Muslim Historiography. 1952. Leiden: Brill, 1968Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Franz. “On Suicide in Islam.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 66 (1946), pp. 239–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotter, Gernot. “Die Stellung des Negers in der islamisch-arabischen Gesellschaft bis zum XVI. Jahrhundert.” Ph.D. dissertation, Bonn, 1967
Rowson, Everett K.The Effeminates of Early Medina.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 111 (1991), pp. 671–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roxin, Claus. Einführung in das Strafrecht und Strafprozeßrecht. 4th ed. Heidelberg: C. F. Müller, 2003Google Scholar
Rubin, Uri. “Apes, Pigs, and the Islamic Identity.” Israel Oriental Studies 17 (1997), pp. 89–105Google Scholar
Rubin, Uri. The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muḥammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1995Google Scholar
al-Rudhrāwarī, Abū Shujāʿ Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 488/1095). Dhayl kitāb tajārib al-umam. Edited and translated by Amedroz, Henry F.. The Eclypse of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate, vol. III. Oxford: Blackwell, 1920/1Google Scholar
Sabari, Simha. Mouvements populaires à Bagdad à l'époque ʿabbasside, IXe–XIe siècles. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1981Google Scholar
Sabbagh, Toufic. La métaphore dans le Coran. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1943Google Scholar
al-Ṣafadī, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Khalīl b. Aybak (d. 764/1363). al-Wāfī bi-l-wafayāt. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1962Google Scholar
Safi, Omid. The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006Google Scholar
Safwat, S. M.Offences and Penalties in Islamic Law.” Islamic Quarterly 26 (1982), pp. 149–81Google Scholar
al-Ṣaghānī, al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad (d. 650/1252). al-Mawḍūʿāt. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khalaf, Najm. Cairo: Dār Nāfiʿ, 1980 [Damascus: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1405/(1984–5)]Google Scholar
Saleh, Walid A.The Formation of the Classical Tafsīr Tradition: The Qurʾān Commentary of al-Thaʿlabī (d. 427/1035). Leiden: Brill, 2004Google Scholar
al-Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad (d. 562/1166). K. al-Ansāb. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 1962–82Google Scholar
al-Samʿānī, Abū l-Muẓaffar Manṣūr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 489/1096). Qawāṭiʿ al-adilla fī ʿilm al-uṣūl. Edited by al-Ḥakamī, ʿAlī. Riyadh: Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1418/1998. Also edited by Muḥammad Ḥasan Haytu. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1417/1996Google Scholar
al-Samʿānī, Abū l-Muẓaffar Manṣūr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 489/1096).Tafsīr. Edited by al-Ḥakamī, ʿAlī. Riyadh: Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1418/1998. Also edited by Yāsir b. Ibrāhīm and Ghanīm b. ʿAbbās b. Ghanīm. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1418/1997Google Scholar
al-Samarqandī, Abū l-Layth Naṣr b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. between 373/983–4 and 393/1002–3). Qurrat al-ʿuyūn wa-mufriḥ al-qalb al-maḥzūn. Apud ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Aḥmad al-Anṣārī, Mukhtaṣar tadhkirat al-Qurṭubī. Damascus: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, n.d.
al-Samarqandī, Abū l-Layth Naṣr b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. between 373/983–4 and 393/1002–3).Tafsīr [Baḥr al-ʿulūm]. Edited by Maḥmūd Muṭrijī (?). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Samarqandī, ʿAlā al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 539/1144). Tuḥfat al-fuqahāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1405/1984Google Scholar
Sanāʾī, Abū l-Majd Majdūd b. Ādam (d. 525/1131). Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa wa-sharīʿat al-ṭarīqa. Selections edited by Razavī, Muḥammad. Tehran: Sipihr, 1329/[1950]Google Scholar
al-Ṣanʿānī, Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Humām (d. 211/827). Muṣannaf. Edited by al-Raḥmān al-Aʿẓamī, Ḥabīb. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1970–2Google Scholar
al-Ṣanʿānī, Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Humām (d. 211/827).Tafsīr. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1410/[1989–90]Google Scholar
Sanders, Paula. Ritual, Politics, and the City in Fatimid Cairo. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994Google Scholar
al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 483/1090). K. al-Mabsūṭ. Cairo, 1324–31/[1906–13]. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1993Google Scholar
al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 483/1090).Sharḥ al-Siyar al-kabīr. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyya, 1335/[1916–17]. Translated by Muhammed Hamidullah. Le grand livre de la conduite de l'état. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfi, 1989–91
al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 483/1090).al-Uṣūl. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d. Also edited by Abū l-Wafā al-Afghānī. Hydarabad: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1372–3/[1953–4]Google Scholar
Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985Google Scholar
Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964Google Scholar
Schacht, Joseph. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon, 1950Google Scholar
Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. London: Folio Society, 2004Google Scholar
Schefer, Charles, trans. “Tableau du règne de Mouïzz Eddin Aboul Harith Sultan Sindjar.” In: Leroux, Ernest (ed.). Nouveaux mélanges orientaux. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1886, pp. 1–30Google Scholar
Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975Google Scholar
Schmidtke, Sabine. A Muʿtazilite Creed of al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144). Wiesbaden: Harassowitz, 1997Google Scholar
Schmitt, Arno. “Liwāṭ im Fiqh: männliche Homosexualität?Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 4 (2001–2), pp. 49–110Google Scholar
Schneider, Irene. Das Bild des Richters in der “adab al-qāḍī”-Literatur. Frankfurt: P. Lang, 1990Google Scholar
Schneider, Irene. “Imprisonment in Pre-Classical and Classical Islamic Law.” Islamic Law and Society 2, 2 (1995), pp. 157–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeler, Gregor. Charakter und Authentie der muslimischen Überlieferung über das Leben Mohammeds. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeler, Gregor. trans. Paradies und Hölle: die Jenseitsreise aus dem “Sendschreiben über die Vergebung.”Munich: Beck, 2002Google Scholar
Séguy, Marie-Rose. The Miraculous Journey of Mahomet Miʿrājnāmeh bibliothèque nationale, Paris (manuscrit supplément Turc 190). New York: G. Braziller, 1977Google Scholar
Seljuq, Affan. “Saljūqid Period and the Persian Historiography.” Islamic Culture 51, 1 (1977), pp. 171–85Google Scholar
Serrano, Delfina. “Twelve Court Cases on the Application of Penal Law Under the Almoravids.” In: Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David (eds.). Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and Their Judgments. Leiden: Brill, 2006, pp. 473–93Google Scholar
Sezgin, Fuat (ed.). Wissenschaft und Technik im Islam, vol. III. Frankfurt am Main: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 2003Google Scholar
al-Shāfiʿ ī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 204/820). al-Risāla. Edited by Shākir, Aḥmad Muḥammad. Cairo: al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1358/1940Google Scholar
al-Shāfiʿ ī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 204/820).K. al-Umm. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1393/[1973]
al-Shāljī, , ʿAbbūd. Mawsūʿat al-ʿadhāb. 7 vols. Beirut: al-Dār al-ʿArabiyya li-l-Mawsūʿāt, 1980Google Scholar
Sharma, Sunil. Persian Poetry at the Indian Frontier: Masʿūd Saʿd Salmān of Lahore. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2000Google Scholar
al-Shāshī, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 344/955). al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1402/1982Google Scholar
al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 1255/1839). Nayl al-awṭār. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1973Google Scholar
al-Shaybānī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan (d. 189/805). al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1406/[1985–6]Google Scholar
Niẓām, Shaykh et al. al-Fatāwā al-ʿālamgīriyya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1411/1991Google Scholar
Shaykhzāda, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (d. 1078/1667 or 1668). Majmaʿ al-anhur. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419/1998Google Scholar
al-Shayzarī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Naṣr (d. 589/1193). al-Minhaj al-maslūk fī siyāsat al-mulūk. Al-Zarqāʾ: Maktabat al-Manār, 1407/1987Google Scholar
al-Shayzarī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Naṣr (d. 589/1193).Nihāyat al-rutba fī ṭalab al-ḥisba. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Lajnat al-Taʾlīf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr, 1365/1946. Translated by Ronald P. Buckley. The Book of the Islamic Market Inspector. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999Google Scholar
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083). al-Lumaʿ fī uṣūl al-fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1405/1985. Translated by Eric Chaumont. Kitāb al-Lumaʿ fī uṣūl al-fiqh: traité de théorie légale musulmane. Berkeley: Robbins Collection, 1999Google Scholar
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083).al-Muhadhdhab fī fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083).Ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Rāʾid al-ʿArabī, 1401/[1981]Google Scholar
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083).al-Tabṣira fī uṣūl al-fiqh. Edited by Haytū., Muḥammad Ḥ.Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1980Google Scholar
al-Shirbīnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Khaṭīb (d. 978/1570). al-Iqnāʿ fī ḥall alfāẓ Abī Shujāʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415/1994Google Scholar
al-Shirbīnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Khaṭīb (d. 978/1570).Mughnī l-muḥtāj ilā maʿrifat maʿānī alfāẓ al-Minhāj. 4 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Shoshan, Boaz. Popular Culture in Medieval Cairo. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidahmad, Muhammad ʿAta al Sid. The Hudud. [Kuala Lumpur]: n.p., 1995Google Scholar
al-Sijistānī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. ʿUzayr (d. 330/941–2). Gharīb al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār Qutayba, 1416/1995Google Scholar
Smith, Jane Idleman and Haddad, Yazbeck, Yvonne. The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection. Albany: SUNY Press, 1981Google Scholar
Soudavar, Aboulala. The Aura of Kings: Legitimacy and Divine Sanction in Iranian Kingship. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2003Google Scholar
Spierenburg, Pieter. The Spectacle of Suffering. Executions and the Evolution of Repression: From a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984Google Scholar
Spies, Otto. “Über die Kreuzigung im Islam.” In: Thomas, Rudolph (ed.). Religion und Religionen: Festschrift für Gustav Mensching. Bonn: Ludwig Röhrscheid Verlag, 1967, pp. 143–56Google Scholar
Spuler, Berthold. Iran in frühislamischer Zeit. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1952Google Scholar
Stehly, R.Un problème de théologie musulmane: la définition des fautes graves (kabāʾir).”Revue des Études Islamiques 45 (1977), pp. 165–81Google Scholar
Steingass, Francis J.A Comprehensive Persian–English Dictionary. 1892. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1930Google Scholar
Stewart, Frank H.Honor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994Google Scholar
Stewart, Frank H.What Is Honor?Acta Historiae 8, 1 (2000), pp. 13–28Google Scholar
Stillman, Yedida Kalfon. Arab Dress: A Short History. 2000. 2nd rev. ed. Leiden: Brill, 2003Google Scholar
Storey, Charles Ambrose and Blois, François. Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey. London: Luzac, 1953Google Scholar
al-Subkī, Taqī al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Kāfī (d. 756/1355). al-Ibhāj. 3 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1404/[1984]Google Scholar
al-Sughdī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī (d. 461/1069). al-Fatāwā. 2nd ed. Amman: Dār al-Furqān, 1404/1984Google Scholar
al-Sulamī, ʿIzz al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Salām (d. 660/1262). Qawāʾid al-aḥkām fī maṣāliḥ al-anām. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
al-Sunāmī, ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. ʿAwad (fl. late seventh/thirteenth c.). Niṣāb al-iḥtisāb. Riyadh: Dār al-ʿUlūm, 1982. Partially translated by Mūʾil Izzi Dien. The Theory and Practice of Market Law in Medieval Islam: A Study of Kitāb Niṣāb al-Iḥtisāb of ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Sunāmī (fl. 7th–8th/13th–14th century). Cambridge: E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 1997Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R.On Analogical Reasoning.” Harvard Law Review 106 (1993), pp. 741–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505). al-Ashbāh wa-l-naẓāʾir fī qawāʾid wa-furūʿ fiqh al-Shāfiʿiyya. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/[1982–3]Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).Dhamm al-maks. Ṭanṭā: Dār al-Ṭabāʿa li-l-Turāth, 1991Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).al-Durr al-manthūr. 8 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1983Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).al-Laʾālī al-maṣnūʿa fī l-aḥādīth al-mawḍūʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417/1996Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).Sharḥ al-ṣudūr bi-sharḥ ḥāl al-mawtā wa-l-qubūr. [Cairo]: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya/ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, n.d.
al-Ṭabarānī, Abū l-Qāsim Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/971). al-Muʿjam al-awṣat. Edited by Muḥammad, Abū Muʿādh Ṭāriq b. ʿAwad Allāh b. and al-Ḥusaynī, Abū l-Faḍl ʿAbd al-Muḥsin. 10 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥaramayn, 1415/[1994]Google Scholar
al-Ṭabarānī, Abū l-Qāsim Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/971).al-Muʿjam al-kabīr. Edited by al-Sulfī, . Mosul: Maktabat al-Zahrāʾ, 1404/1983Google Scholar
al-Ṭabarānī, Abū l-Qāsim Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/971).al-Muʿjam al-ṣaghīr [al-Rawḍ al-dānī]. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1405/1985
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 310/923). Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān. Edited by Shākir, Muḥammad and Shākir, Aḥmad. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1373/1954. Also ed. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Maymaniyya, 1321/1903. Also ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1405/[1984–5]Google Scholar
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 310/923).Tahdhīb al-āthār. Edited by Shākir, Maḥmūd Muḥammad. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Madanī, n.d.
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 310/923).Tārīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk. Edited by Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1960–[77]. Also Beirut: Maktabat Khayyāṭ, [1968]Google Scholar
Ṭabbākh, Muḥammad Rāghib (d. 1951 CE). Iʿlām al-nubalāʾ fī tārīkh Ḥalab al-shahbāʾ. 1923. Aleppo: Dār al-Qalam al-ʿArabī, 1988
al-Ṭaḥāwī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Abū Jaʿfar (d. 321/933). Sharḥ maʿānī al-āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1399/[1979]Google Scholar
al-Ṭaḥāwī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Abū JaʿfarSharḥ mushkil al-āthār. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1408/1987Google Scholar
al-Ṭaḥṭāwī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 1231/1816). Ḥāshiyat al-Ṭaḥṭāwī ʿalā Marāqī l-falāḥ [by Ḥasan b. Aḥmad al-Shurunbulālī, d. 1659] sharḥ Nūr al-īḍāḥ fī madhhab al-Imām al-aʿẓam Abī Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān. Cairo: Būlāq, 1318/[1900]Google Scholar
al-Tanūkhī, al-Muḥassin b. ʿAlī al-Qāḍī (d. 384/994). Nishwār al-muḥāḍara wa-akhbār al-mudhākara. Edited by al-Shāljī, ʿAbbūd. Beirut: Dār Ṣāḍir, 1971–3. Translated by D. S. Margoliouth. The Table-Talk of a Mesopotamian Judge. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1922Google Scholar
al-Ṭayālisī, Sulaymān b. Dāwūd (d. 204/819–20). Musnad. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Taylor, John B.Some Aspects of Islamic Eschatology.” Religious Studies 4 (1968), pp. 57–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teiser, Stephen. The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994Google Scholar
al-Thaʿālibī, Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 429/1037–8). Thimār al-qulūb fī l-muḍāf wa-l-mansūb. Edited by Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār Nahḍat Miṣr, 1384/1965Google Scholar
Thackston, Wheeler, trans. The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. 1996. New York: Modern Library, 2002Google Scholar
al-Thaʿlabī, Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī (d. 427/1035). al-Kashf wa-l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by ʿĀshūr, Abū Muḥammad b.. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1422/2002Google Scholar
al-Thaʿlabī, Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī (d. 427/1035).Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. [Cairo]: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya/ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, n.d.
al-Thawrī, Sufyān b. Saʿīd (d. 161/778). Tafsīr. Edited by ʿArshī, Imtiyāz ʿAlī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/[1982–3]Google Scholar
al-Tirmidhī, Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā (d. 279/892). Sunan. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, [1996]. Also edited by Shākir, Aḥmad Muḥammad et al. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.Google Scholar
Tor, Deborah. “From Holy Warriors to Chivalric Order: The ʿayyārs in the Eastern Islamic World, A.D. 800–1055.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2002
Traini, R. “La métamorphose des êtres humains en brutes d'après quelques textes arabes.” In: Jong, F. (ed.). Miscellanea arabica et islamica: dissertationes in academia Ultrajectina prolatae anno MCMXC. Leiden: Peeters, 1993, pp. 90–134Google Scholar
al-Ṭuʿmī, Muḥyī al-Dīn (ed.). Mawsūʿat al-isrāʾ wa-l-miʿrāj. Beirut: Dār wa-Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1994Google Scholar
Turan, Osman. Selçuklar tarihi ve Türk-İslam medeniyeti. Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitütü, 1965Google Scholar
Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine Publishing, 1969Google Scholar
al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad (fl. late sixth/twelfth c.). ʿAjāyib al-makhlūqāt. Edited by Satūda, Manūchihr. Tehran: Nashr-i Kitāb, 1966Google Scholar
al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī. Edited by Mīnuvī, Mujtabā and Ḥaydarī, ʿAlī Riẓā. Tehran: Khavārazmi, 1360/[1982]. Translated by George M. Wickens. The Nasirean Ethics. London: George Allen, 1964Google Scholar
Tyan, Emile. Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam. 1938. Leiden: Brill, 1960Google Scholar
ʿUbayd-i Zākānī, Niẓām al-Dīn. Kulliyāt. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Zawwār, 1382/[2003–4]Google Scholar
ʿUlaysh, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 1299/1882). Sharḥ minaḥ al-jalīl ʿalā Mukhtaṣar al-ʿallāma al-Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989Google Scholar
Ullmann, Manfred. Das Motiv der Kreuzigung in der arabischen Poesie des Mittelalters. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz, 1995Google Scholar
al-ʿUqaylī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. ʿAmr (d. 322/934). K. al-Ḍuʿafā al-kabīr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya, 1404/1984Google Scholar
Ūshī al-Farghānī, Sirāj al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān (d. end of sixth/twelfth c.). al-Fatāwā al-Sirājiyya. Calcutta: n.p., 1827Google Scholar
ʿUtbī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. c. 425/1035). Tārīkh-i Yamīnī. Edited by Shiʿār, Jaʿfar. 2nd ed. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1978Google Scholar
Vogel, Frank E.The State of the Field: A Major Advance Is Imminent.” Newsletter of the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School 11, 2 (2006), pp. 1–4Google Scholar
Vuckovic, Brooke Olson. Heavenly Journeys, Earthly Concerns. New York: Routledge, 2005Google Scholar
Wagner, Ewald. Abū Nūwās: eine Studie zur arabischen Literatur der ʿAbbāsidenzeit. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1965Google Scholar
Wakīʿ, Muḥammad b. Khalaf b. Ḥayyān (d. 306/918). Akhbār al-quḍāt. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, [198–]
Waldmann, Marylin Robinson. “Islamic Eschatology.” In: Eliade, Mircea (gen. ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York: MacMillan, 1987, V, pp. 152a–156aGoogle Scholar
Waldmann, Marylin Robinson. Toward a Theory of Historical Narrative: A Case Study in Perso-Islamicate Historiography. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1980Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. “Created in His Image: A Study in Islamic Theology.” Transactions of the Glasgow University Oriental Society 18 (1959–60), pp. 38–49Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. Islamic Creeds. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. A Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazālī. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963Google Scholar
Waṭwāṭ, Rashīd al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl al-ʿUmarī (d. c. 578/1182). Majmūʿat al-rasāʾil. Edited by Fahmī, Muḥammad Effendī. [Cairo]: Maktabat al-Ādāb, 1939Google Scholar
Weber, Max. Economy and Society. 1922. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978Google Scholar
Weiss, Bernard. The Search for God's Law: Islamic Jurisprudence in the Writings of Sayf al-Din al-Amidi. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1992Google Scholar
Weiss, Bernard. The Spirit of Islamic Law. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998Google Scholar
Wellhausen, Julius. Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz. 1902. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1960Google Scholar
Wendell, Charles. “The Denizens of Paradise.” Humaniora Islamica 2 (1974), pp. 29–59Google Scholar
Wensinck, Arent Jan. The Muslim Creed: Its Genesis and Historical Development. 1932. London: F. Cass, 1965Google Scholar
Wesel, Uwe. Geschichte des Rechts: von den Frühformen bis zum Vertrag von Maastricht. Munich: Beck, 1997Google Scholar
Wickens, George M.Al-Jarsīfī on the Ḥisba.” Islamic Quarterly 3 (1956–7), pp. 176–87Google Scholar
Wiener, A.The Faraǧ baʿda aš-Šidda-Literatur.” Der Islam 4 (1913), pp. 413–19Google Scholar
Winter, Michael. “Islamic Attitudes Toward the Human Body.” In: Law, Jane Marie (ed.). Religious Reflections on the Human Body. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 36–45Google Scholar
Winter, T. J. “Introduction.” In: Winter (trans.). The Remembrance of Death and Afterlife: Book XL of the Revival of the Religious Sciences. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989, pp. xiii–xxxGoogle Scholar
al-Awqāf bi-l-Kuwayt, Wizārat (ed.). al-Mawsūʿa al-fiqhiyya. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shuʾūn al-Dīniyya, 1983Google Scholar
Wolff, M.Mohammedanische Eschatologie. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1872Google Scholar
Wolfson, Harry Austryn. The Philosophy of the Kalam. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976Google Scholar
Wright, William. A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Revised by W. R. Smith and M. J. de Goeje. 3rd ed. 1896 and 1898. Repr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999Google Scholar
Ya'ari, Ehud and Friedman, Ina. “Curses in Verses.” Atlantic Monthly (February 1991), pp. 22–6Google Scholar
Yāqūt, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (d. 626/1229). Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [1955–7]Google Scholar
Yūsuf Khāṣṣ Ḥājib (fl. 1069 CE). Kutadgu Bilig. Edited by Radlov, V.. St. Petersburg: Glasunov and Eggers, 1891–1910. Translated by Robert Dankoff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983Google Scholar
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144). Asās al-balāgha. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1412/1992Google Scholar
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144).Aṭwāq al-dhahab fī mawāʿiẓ al-khuṭab. Edited and translated by Adrien Barbier de Meynard, Casimir. Les Colliers d'Or. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1876Google Scholar
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144).al-Fāʾiq. Edited by Bakhāwī, and l-Faḍl, Abū. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144).al-Kashshāf ʿan ḥaqāʾiq al-tanzīl. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
Zartusht-i Bahrām (fl. sixth/twelfth c.). Ardāvīrāfnāma-yi manẓūm. Edited by ʿAfīfī, Raḥīm. Mashhad: Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1343sh./[1965]Google Scholar
al-Zaylaʿī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Yūsuf (d. 762/1361). Naṣb al-rāya. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1357/[1937–8]Google Scholar
al-Zaylaʿ ī, Fakhr al-Dīn ʿUthmān b. ʿAlī (d. 743/1342–3). Tabyīn al-ḥaqāʾiq. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1313/[1895–6]Google Scholar
Ziadeh, Farhat J. “Integrity (ʿAdālah) in Classical Islamic Law.” In: Heer, Nicholas (ed.). Islamic Law and Jurisprudence: Studies in Honor of Farhat J. Ziadeh. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990, pp. 73–93Google Scholar
Zysow, Aron. “The Economy of Certainty: An Introduction to the Typology of Islamic Legal Theory.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1984
Abou El Fadl, Khaled M.Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abū ʿAwāna Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq al-Isfarāʾinī (d. 316/928–9). Musnad. 5 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Abrahamov, Binyamin. “The Creation and Duration of Paradise and Hell in Islamic Theology.” Der Islam 79 (2002), pp. 87–102Google Scholar
Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān b. al-Ashʿath al-Sijistānī (d. 275/889). Sunan. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn. 4 vols. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijāriyya al-Kubrā, n.d. Also Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, [n.d.]
Abū Nuʿaym, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Iṣfahānī (d. 430/1038). Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ wa-ṭabaqāt al-aṣfiyāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1405/[1984–5]Google Scholar
Abū Nuwās al-Ḥasan b. Hāniʾ al-Ḥakamī (d. c. 200/815). Dīwān. Edited by Wagner, Ewald. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1958Google Scholar
Abū Yaʿlā Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Tamīmī al-Mawṣilī. Musnad. Edited by Salīm Asad, Ḥusayn. Damascus: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1404/1984Google Scholar
al-Anṣārī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm (d. 182/798). K. al-Kharāj. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Ṣalafiyya, 1352/[1933]Google Scholar
Agadshanow, Sergey G.Gosudarstvo seldzhukidov i Sredniaia Aziia v XI–XII vv. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. Translated by Reinhold Schletzer. Der Staat der Seldschukiden und Mittelasien im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Schletzer, 1994Google Scholar
al-Ājurrī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 970 CE). Dhamm al-liwāṭ. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qurʾān, [1990]Google Scholar
Ali, Mohamed. Medieval Islamic Pragmatics. Richmond: Curzon, 2000Google Scholar
Alshech, Eli. “‘Do Not Enter Houses Other Than Your Own’: The Evolution of the Notion of a Private Domestic Sphere in Early Sunnī Islamic Thought.” Islamic Law and Society 11, 3 (2004), pp. 291–332CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Althusser, Louis. “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Toward an Investigation).” In: Žižek, Slavoj (ed.). Mapping Ideology. London: Verso, 1994, pp. 100–40Google Scholar
Amedroz, Henry F.The Hisba Jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1916), pp. 77–101Google Scholar
Amedroz, Henry F.The Mazalim Jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1911), pp. 635–74Google Scholar
Amedroz, Henry F.The Office of Kadi in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1910), pp. 761–96Google Scholar
al-Āmidī, Sayf al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 631/1233). al-Iḥkām fī uṣūl al-aḥkām. Edited by al-Jumaylī, Sayyid. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1404/1983Google Scholar
Andrae, Tor. In the Garden of Myrtles: Studies in Early Islamic Mysticism. First published Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, [1947]. Translated by Birgitta Sharpe. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987Google Scholar
Andrae, Tor. Der Ursprung des Islams und das Christentum. Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksell, 1926Google Scholar
Anon. Baḥr al-fawāʾid. Edited by Dānish-Pazhūh, Muḥammad Taqī. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1966. Translated by Julie Scott Meisami. The Sea of Precious Virtues: A Medieval Islamic Mirror for Princes. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1991Google Scholar
Anon. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Translated by Andrew George. London: Penguin, 2000
Anon. The Miʿrājnāma manuscript (Supplément Turc 190) in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. New York: George Braziller, 1977
Anon. Mujmal al-tawārīkh wa-l-qiṣaṣ. Edited by Bahār, Malik al-Shuʿarāʾ. Tehran: Muʾassasa-yi Khāwar, 1318/[1939]Google Scholar
Anon. (Pseudo-Māwardī). Naṣīḥat al-mulūk. Edited by ʿAbd al-Munʿim, Fuʾād. Alexandria: Muʾassasat Shābāb al-Jāmiʿa, 1988Google Scholar
Anon. (early sixth/twelfth c.). Tārīkh-i Sīstān. Edited by Ṣādiqī, Jaʿfar Mudarris. Tehran: Nashr-i Markaz, 1373/1994. Also edited by Malik al-Shuʿarāʾ Bahār. Tehran: Fardīn, [1935]. Translated by Milton Gold. The Tārīkh-i Sīstān. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1976 (Persian Heritage Series no. 20)Google Scholar
Anon. (Pseudo-Thaʿālibī, seventh/thirteenth c.). Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ. Edited by Heinecke, Regina. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam Press, 1975Google Scholar
al-Anṣārī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-Harawī (d. 482/1089). K. Dhamm al-kalām. Edited by Dughaym, Samīḥ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Lubnānī, 1994Google Scholar
Anvarī, Awḥad al-Dīn Mūhammad b. Muḥammad (d. c. 560/1164). Dīwān. Edited by Razavī, Muḥammad. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1337–40/[1959–61]Google Scholar
Anvarī, Ḥasan. Iṣṭilāḥāt-i dīwānī-yi dawra-yi ghaznawī ū saljūqī. Tehran: Kitābkhāna-yi Ṭahūrī, [1976]Google Scholar
Arberry, Arthur John. Classical Persian Literature. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1958Google Scholar
Arberry, Arthur John. The Koran Interpreted. 1955. Repr. New York: Touchstone, 1996Google Scholar
Arkoun, Mohamed (ed.). L'étrange et le merveilleux dans l'Islam médiéval. Paris: Editions J. A., 1978Google Scholar
Aron, Raymond. Main Currents in Sociological Thought II: Durkheim, Pareto, Weber. 1967. Translated by Richard Howard and Helen Weaver. New York: Anchor Books, 1970Google Scholar
al-Ashʿarī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl (d. 324/935–6). Maqālāt al-islāmiyyīn wa-ikhtilāf al-muṣallīn. Edited by Helmut Ritter. Istanbul: Devlet Matbaasi, 1929–30Google Scholar
al-Ashqar, ʿUmar Sulaymān. al-Yawm al-ākhir. 2nd ed. Kuwait: Maktabat al-Falāḥ, 1988. Partially translated by Nasiruddin al-Khattab. The Final Day, Part Three: Paradise and Hell. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 1998Google Scholar
Asín Palacios, Miguel. La escatología musulmana en la Divina Comedia. 1919. Repr. Madrid: Hiperión, 1984Google Scholar
ʿAthamina, Khalil. “The Black Banners and the Socio-Political Significance of Flags and Slogans.” Arabica 36 (1989), pp. 307–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auffarth, Christoph. “Beichte.” In: Cancik, Hubert, Gladigow, Burkhard, and Laubschwer, Matthias (eds.). Handbuch religionswissenschaftlicher Grundbegriffe. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1988–2001, II, pp. 116–19Google Scholar
Auffarth, Christoph. Irdische Wege und himmlischer Lohn: Kreuzzug, Jerusalem und Fegefeuer in religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002Google Scholar
ʿAwfī, Sadīd al-Dīn Muḥammad (fl. 625/1228). Jawāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt. Selections edited by Shiʿār, Jaʿfar. [Tehran]: Amīr Kabīr, 1352/[1973]Google Scholar
al-ʿAynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad (d. 855/1451). ʿUmdat al-qārī fī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
al-ʿAẓīmābādī, Muḥammad Shams al-Ḥaqq. ʿAwn al-maʿbūd sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1995Google Scholar
al-Bābartī, Akmal al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd (d. 786/1384). al-ʿInāya sharḥ al-hidāya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Baghawī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn b. Masʿūd (d. 516/1122–3). Maʿālim al-tanzīl. Beirut: Dār al-Mamlaka al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415/1995Google Scholar
al-Baghdādī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muʾayyad (sixth/twelfth c.). al-Tawaṣṣul ilā l-tarassul: inshāʾ wa-taʾlīf. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī, 1315/[1937]Google Scholar
al-Bakrī, Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbd Allāh (d. 487/1094). K. al-Mughrib fī dhikr bilād Ifrīqiya wa-l-Maghrib. Edited and translated by Slane, William MacGuckin. Description de l'Afrique septentrionale. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1859Google Scholar
al-Baʿlī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Abī l-Fatḥ (d. 709/1309–10). al-Muṭliʿ ʿalā abwāb al-Muqniʿ. Edited by Bashīr al-Idlibī, Muḥammad. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1401/1981Google Scholar
al-Balkhī, Abū Bakr Ḥamīd al-Dīn ʿUmar b. Maḥmūd (d. 559/1163–4). Maqāmāt-i Ḥamīdī. Edited by Nizhād, Riḍā Anābī. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1365/[1986–7]Google Scholar
Baneth, D. Z. H. “What Did Muhammad Mean When He Called His Religion ‘Islam’? The Original Meaning of aslama and Its Derivatives.” Israel Oriental Studies 1 (1971), pp. 183–90. Repr. in Andrew Rippin (ed.). The Qurʾān: Style and Contents. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001, pp. 85–92Google Scholar
Barry, Michael. Figurative Art in Medieval Islam and the Riddle of Bihzād of Herat (1465–1535). Paris: Flammarion, 2004Google Scholar
al-Baṣrī, Abū l-Ḥusayn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 436/1044). al-Muʿtamad. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/1983Google Scholar
Bausani, Alessandro. “Religion in the Saljuq Period.” In: Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1968], pp. 283–302Google Scholar
al-Baydāwī, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar (d. c. 685/1286). Tafsīr [Anwār al-tanzīl wa-asrār al-taʾwīl]. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Bayhaqī, Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn (d. 470/1077). Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1332/[1953]. Also edited by Fayyāḍ, ʿAli Akbar. Tehran: n.p., 1324/[1945–6]Google Scholar
al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066). K. al-Baʿth wa-l-nushūr. Edited by Ḥaydar, ʿĀmir Aḥmad. Beirut: Markaz al-Khidmāt wa-l-Abḥāth al-Thaqāfiyya, 1406/1986Google Scholar
al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066)al-Sunan al-kubrā. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭṭā, Muḥammad. 10 vols. Mecca: Maktabat Dār al-Bāz, 1414/1994Google Scholar
al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066)al-Sunan al-ṣughrā. Edited by al-Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1422/2001Google Scholar
Beal, Timothy K.Religion and Its Monsters. New York: Routledge, 2002Google Scholar
Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997Google Scholar
Bellamy, James A. “Sex and Society in Islamic Popular Literature.” In: al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (ed.). Society and the Sexes in Medieval Islam. Malibu: Undena Publications, 1979, pp. 23–42Google Scholar
Benjamin of Tudela (fl. second half twelfth c.). Massaʾot. Edited by Adler, M. N.. London: Henry Frowde, 1907Google Scholar
Bercher, Léon. Les délits et les peines du droit commun prévu par le Coran. Tunis: Société Anonyme de l'Imprimerie Rapide, 1926Google Scholar
Bercher, Léon. “L'obligation d'ordonner le bien et d'interdire le mal selon Al-Ghazali.” Revue de l'Institut des Belles Letters Arabes 18 (1955), pp. 53–91; 20 (1957), pp. 21–30; 21 (1958), pp. 389–407; 23 (1960), pp. 313–21Google Scholar
Berkey, Jonathan. Popular Preaching and Religious Authority in the Medieval Islamic Near East. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran 994–1040. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.The Medieval Islamic Underworld: The Banū Sāsān in Arabic Society and Literature. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1976Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E.“The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (AD 1000–1217).” In: Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1968], pp. 1–202Google Scholar
Boyce, Mary. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge, 1979Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Its Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Considérations sociologiques sur le droit musulman ancien.” In: Brunschvig, . Études d”Islamologie. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1976, II, pp. 119–31Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Justice religieuse et justice laïque dans la Tunisie des Deys et des Beys jusq'au milieu du XIXe siècle.” Studia Islamica 23 (1965), pp. 27–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Métiers vils en Islam.” Studia Islamica 16 (1962), pp. 41–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Le système de la preuve en droit musulman.” Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin 18 (1963), pp. 169–86Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert.“Urbanisme médiéval et droit musulman.” In: Brunschvig, . Études d'Islamologie. Paris: Editions G.-P. Maisonneuve, 1976, II, pp. 7–35Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. “Valeur et fondement du raisonnement juridique d'après al-Ġazālī.” Studia Islamica 34 (1971), pp. 57–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, Ronald P.The Muhtasib.” Arabica 39 (1992), pp. 59–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (d. 256/870). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by Dīb al-Bughā., Muṣṭafā 6 vols. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 1407/1987Google Scholar
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (d. 256/870).al-Tārīkh al-kabīr. Edited by al-Nadawī, al-Sayyid Hāshim. 8 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Bukhārī, ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 536/1141). Sharḥ Adab al-qāḍī. Translated by Munīr Aḥmad Mughal. Ādāb al-qāḍī: Islamic Legal and Judicial System. Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1999Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard W.The Patricians of Nishapur: A Study in Medieval Islamic Social History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard W.“The Political-Religious History of Nishapur in the Eleventh Century.” In: Richards, D. S. (ed.). Islamic Civilisation 950–1150. Oxford: Cassirer, 1973, pp. 71–91Google Scholar
al-Bundārī, al-Fatḥ b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 643/1245–6). Tārīkh dawlat āl Saljūq. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 1978. Also Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Mawsūʿāt, 1900 [Tārīkh dawlat āl Saljūq (ed. 1900)]Google Scholar
Bürgel, Christoph. The Feather of the Simurgh: The “Licit Magic” of the Arts in Medieval Islam. New York: New York University Press, 1988Google Scholar
al-Būṣīrī, Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr (d. 840/1436). Miṣbāḥ al-zujāja fī Zawāʾid Ibn Māja. Beirut: Dār al-ʿArabiyya, 1403/1982–3Google Scholar
Busse, Heribert. Chalif und Grosskönig: die Buyiden im Iraq. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1969Google Scholar
Busse, Heribert.“Thron, Kosmos und Lebensbaum im Schāhnāme.” In: Eilers, W. (ed.). Festgabe deutscher Iranisten zur 2500 Jahrfeier Irans. Stuttgart: Hochwacht Druck, 1971, pp. 8–21
Cahen, Claude. “L'évolution de l'iqṭāʿ du IXe au XIIIe siècle: contribution à une histoire comparée des sociétés médiévales.” Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations 8 (1953), pp. 25–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahen, Claude. “The Historiography of the Seljuq Period.” In: Lewis, Bernard and Holt, P. M. (eds.). Historians of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, 1962, pp. 59–78Google Scholar
Cahen, Claude. “Mouvements populaires et autonomisme urbain dans l'Asie musulmane du moyen âge.” Arabica 5 (1958), pp. 225–50; 6 (1959), pp. 25–56; 233–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahen, Claude.“The Turkish Invasion: The Selchükids.” In: Setton, Kenneth M. (ed.). A History of the Crusades. 1955. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969–89, I, pp. 135–76Google Scholar
Calder, Norman and Rippin, Andrew (eds.). Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature. London: Routledge, 2003Google Scholar
The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Edited by Boyle, J. A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1968]Google Scholar
Carman, John B.Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994Google Scholar
Chabbi, Jacqueline. “Remarques sur le développement historique des mouvements ascétiques et mystiques au Khurasan.” Studia Islamica 46 (1977), pp. 5–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalmeta Gendrón, Pedro. El “señor del zoco” en España. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1973Google Scholar
Chehata, Chafik. Études de droit musulman. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1971Google Scholar
Chittick, William C.Sufism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld, 2000Google Scholar
Christensen, Arthur. The Kayanians. 1931. English tr. Bombay: K. R. Cama Institute, 1993Google Scholar
Cohen, Esther. The Crossroads of Justice: Law and Culture in Late Medieval France. Leiden and New York: Brill, 1993Google Scholar
Cook, David. “Moral Apocalyptic in Islam.” Studia Islamica 86 (1997), pp. 37–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, David. Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic. Princeton: Darwin, 2002Google Scholar
Cook, Michael. Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000Google Scholar
Cook, Michael. “Eschatology and the Dating of Traditions.” Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies 1 (1992), pp. 23–47Google Scholar
Coulson, Noel J.A History of Islamic Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964Google Scholar
Coulson, Noel J.The State and the Individual in Islamic Law.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 6 (1957), pp. 49–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crone, Patricia. God's Rule: Government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004Google Scholar
Dabashi, Hamid. “Historical Conditions of Persian Sufism During the Seljuk Period.” In: Lewisohn, Leonard (ed.). Classical Persian Sufism: From Its Origins to Rumi. London: Khaniqahi Nimatullah Publications, 1993, pp. 137–74Google Scholar
Dabashi, Hamid. Truth and Narrative: The Untimely Thoughts of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt al-Hamādhānī. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1999Google Scholar
al-Ḍaḥḥāk, Abū Bakr Aḥmad (d. 287/900–1). al-Āḥād wa-l-mathānī. Edited by al-Jawābira, Bāsim Fayṣal Aḥmad. Riyadh: Dār al-Rāya, 1411/1991Google Scholar
Dawlatshāh b. ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla Bakhtīshāh Samarqandī (d. c. 892/1487). Tadhkirat al-shuʿarāʾ. Edited by Browne, Edward G.. London: Luzac, 1901Google Scholar
al-Daylamī, Shīrwayh b. Shahrdār (d. 509/1115). Firdaws al-akhbār bi-maʾthūr al-khiṭāb. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1407/1987. Also edited by al-Saʿīd b. Basyūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1406/1986Google Scholar
al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāḥ Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 748/1348). al-Kabāʾir. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Umawiyya, 1389/1970. Also Damascus: al-Maktaba al-Umawiyya, 1389/1970. Translated by Hassan Amdouni. Les péchés majeurs. Beirut: Dār al-Būraq, 1413/1992Google Scholar
al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāḥ Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 748/1348).Tārīkh al-Islām wa-wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa-l-aʿlām. Edited by Ḥamdān, Muḥammad Maḥmūd. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1985Google Scholar
Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. Lughatnāma. 1946–. 6 vols. 2nd ed. Tehran: Muʾassasa-yi Dikhudā, 1363– [1985–]Google Scholar
Dozy, Reinhart. Dictionnaire détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les Arabes. 1845. Repr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, [1969]Google Scholar
Dozy, Reinhart. Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. 1881. Repr. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1968Google Scholar
Dürr, Hans Peter. Nacktheit und Scham. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988Google Scholar
Edsman, Carl-Martin. “Fire.” In: Eliade, Mircea (gen. ed.). Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1987, V, pp. 341b–342aGoogle Scholar
Eichler, Paul Arno. Die Dschinn, Teufel und Engel im Koran. Leipzig: Klein, 1928Google Scholar
el-Awa, Mohammed. Punishment in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study. Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1982Google Scholar
el-Rouayheb, Khaled. Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500–1800. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
el-Saleh, Soubhi. La vie future sélon le Coran. Paris: J. Vrin, 1971Google Scholar
Elder, E. E.The Development of the Muslim Doctrine of Sins and Their Forgiveness.” Moslem World 29, 2 (1939), pp. 178–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by Houtsman, T. et al. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1913–34. Repr. 9 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1987Google Scholar
Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition. Edited by Gibb, H. A. R. et al. 12 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1954–2004Google Scholar
The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʿān. Edited by McAuliffe, Jane Dammen et al. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2001–6Google Scholar
The Encyclopedia of Religion. Edited by Eliade, Mircea et al. 16 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1987Google Scholar
Ephrat, Daphna. A Learned Society in a Period of Transition: The Sunnī ʿUlamāʾ of Eleventh-Century Baghdad. Albany: SUNY Press, 2000Google Scholar
Ephrat, Daphna.“Religious Leadership and Associations in the Public Sphere of Seljuk Baghdad.” In: Hoexter, Miriam, Eisenstadt, Shmuel N., and Levtzion, Nehemia (eds.). The Public Sphere in Muslim Societies. Albany: SUNY Press, 2002, pp. 31–48Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph van. “Das begrenzte Paradies.” In: Salmon, Pierre (ed.). Mélanges d'Islamologie, volume dédié à la mémoire de Armand Abel. Leiden: Brill, 1974, pp. 108–27Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. The Flowering of Muslim Theology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. Die Gedankenwelt des Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī. Bonn: Universität Bonn, 1961Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. \Das K. al-Nakṯ des Naẓẓām und seine Rezeption im Kitāb al-Futyā des Ğāḥiẓ. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1972Google Scholar
Ess, Joseph. Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra: eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1991–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ess, Joseph. Zwischen Ḥadīth und Theologie. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1975CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabreguettes, Polydore. La logique judiciaire et l'art de juger. Paris: F. Pichon et Durand-Auzias, 1914Google Scholar
Fahd, Toufic. “Magic in Islam.” In: Eliade, Mircea (gen. ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1987, IX, pp. 104–9Google Scholar
Fahd, Toufic.“Sciences naturelles et magie dans Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm (d'Abū Maslama l-Madjrītī).” In: Garcia Sanchez, Emilio (ed.). Ciencias de la naturaleza en al-Andalus. Granada: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1990, I, pp. 11–21Google Scholar
al-Farrāʾ, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyāʾ b. Ziyād (d. 207/822). Maʿānī al-Qurʾān. [Cairo]: Al-Hayʾa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 1973Google Scholar
al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Muqrī (d. c. 770/1368). al-Miṣbāḥ al-munīr. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya, [1978]Google Scholar
al-Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 817/1414 or 1415). al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1994Google Scholar
Floor, Willem. “The Office of Muhtasib in Iran.” Iranian Studies 18, 1 (1985), pp. 53–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Histoire de la séxualité. Paris: Gallimard, 1976Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Punir et surveiller. 1975. Translated by Alan Sheridan. Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage Books, 1995Google Scholar
Fragner, Bert. Geschichte der Stadt Hamadān und ihrer Umgebung in den ersten sechs Jahrhunderten nach der Hiǧra. Vienna: Notring, 1972Google Scholar
Fragner, Bert.“Wem gehört die Stadt? Raumkonzepte in einer Chronik der Seldschukenzeit.” In: Haag-Higuchi, Roxane and Szyska, Christian (eds.). Erzählter Raum in Literaturen der islamischen Welt. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001, pp. 95–108Google Scholar
Furley, William D. “Feuer.” In: Betz, Hans Dieter et al. (eds.). Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. 4th rev. ed., Tübingen: Mohr, 2000Google Scholar
Garcin, J.-C. “La révolte donnée à voir chez les populations civiles de l'état militaire mamluk (XIIIe–XVe s.).” In: Chaumont, Eric (ed.). Autour du regard: mélanges Gimaret. Louvain: Peeters, 2003, pp. 261–78Google Scholar
Gardet, Louis. Dieu et la destinée de l'homme. Paris: J. Vrin, 1967Google Scholar
Gardīzī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy (fl. fifth/eleventh c.). Tārīkh-i Gardīzī [Zayn al-akhbār]. Berlin: Irānschāhr, 1928
Geertz, Clifford. “Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power.” In: Geertz, . Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. 1983. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 121–46Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford.“Religion as a Cultural System.” In: Geertz, . The Interpretation of Culture. 1973. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 87–125Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford.“Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” In: Geertz, . The Interpretation of Culture. 1973. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 3–30Google Scholar
Ghaffari, Jalal al-Din. Dictionnaire Ghaffari Persan–Français. Tehran: Imprimerie de l'Université, 1957Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111). al-Durra al-fākhira fī kashf ʿulūm al-ākhira. Edited by Gautier, Lucien. Geneva: H. Georg, 1878. Translated by Jane Idleman Smith. The Precious Pearl. Missoula: Scholars Press, 1979Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Fayṣal al-tafriqa. Edited by Dunyā, S.. Cairo: ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1961Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d. Partially translated by T. J. Winter. The Remembrance of Death and Afterlife: Book XL of the Revival of the Religious Sciences. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Kīmiyā-yi saʿādat. Edited by Ārām, Aḥmad. Tehran: Kitābkhāna-yi Markazī, 1339/1960. Partially translated by Hellmut Ritter. Das Elixier der Glückseligkeit. Düsseldorf: Diederichs, 1981Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Makātib-i fārsī-yi Ghazālī bi-nām-i Faḍāʾil al-anām. Edited by Iqbāl, ʿAbbās. 1954. Tehran: Kitābkhāna-yi Sanāʾī, 1363/[1984]Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).al-Mankhūl min taʿlīqāt al-uṣūl. Edited by Ḥītū, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Mishkāt al-anwār. Edited and translated by Buchman, David. The Niche of Lights. Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1998Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).al-Mustaṣfā fī ʿilm al-uṣūl. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Arqam, 1994 [ed. Būlāq 1322/1904]. Also edited by al-Shāfī., Muḥammad Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1993. Also Cairo: Muṣṭafā Muḥammad, 1456/1937Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Naṣīḥat al-mulūk. Edited by Humāʾī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bābak, 1361/1982. Translated by F. R. C. Bagley. Ghazali's Book of Counsel for Kings. London: Oxford University Press, 1964Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).Tahāfut al-falāsifa. Edited and translated by Marmura, Michael E.. The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1997Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 505/1111).al-Wasīṭ fī l-madhhab. Edited by Ibrāhīm, Aḥmad Maḥmūd and Ṭāmir, Muḥammad Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 1417/1997Google Scholar
Gianotti, Timothy J.Al-Ghazālī's Unspeakable Doctrine of the Soul: Unveiling the Esoteric Psychology and Eschatology of the Iḥyāʾ. Leiden: Brill, 2001Google Scholar
Giffen, Lois Anita. Theory of Profane Love Among the Arabs. New York: New York University Press, 1971Google Scholar
Giladi, Avner. Children of Islam: Concepts of Childhood in Medieval Islam. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991Google Scholar
Gimaret, Daniel. La doctrine d'al-Ashʿarī. Paris: Cerf, 1990Google Scholar
Gleave, Robert. “Crimes Against God and Violent Punishments in al-Fatāwā al-ʿĀlamgīriyya.” In: Hinnells, John R. and King, Richard (eds.). Religion and Violence in South Asia: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 2007, pp. 83–106Google Scholar
Goldziher, Ignaz. “Die Handwerke bei den Arabern.” Globus 46 (1894), pp. 203–5. Translated as “The Crafts Among the Arabs.” In: Morony, Michael G. (ed.). Manufacturing and Labour. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003, pp. 145–50Google Scholar
Goldziher, Ignaz. Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung. Leiden: Brill, 1920Google Scholar
Gräf, Erwin. “Probleme der Todesstrafe im Islam.” Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaften 59 (1957), pp. 83–117Google Scholar
Graham, William Albert. Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam. The Hague: Mouton, 1977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grasmück, Ernst Ludwig. Exilium: Untersuchungen Zur Verbannung in der Antike. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1978Google Scholar
Gregory, Brad. Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999Google Scholar
Groebner, Valentin. Defaced: The Visual Culture of Violence in the Late Middle Ages. 2002. New York: Zone Books, 2004Google Scholar
Grunebaum, Gustave E.. Kritik und Dichtkunst: Studien zur arabischen Literaturgeschichte. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1955Google Scholar
Guthrie, Shirley. Arab Social Life in the Middle Ages: An Illustrated Guide. London: Saqi Books, 1995Google Scholar
al-Ḥākim al-Nīsābūrī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh (d. 405/1014). al-Mustadrak ʿalā l-ṣaḥīḥayn. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭṭā, Muṣṭafā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1411/1990Google Scholar
al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī (fl. late third/ninth c.). al-Manhiyāt. Edited by Zaghlūl, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1406/1986Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. A History of Islamic Legal Theories: An Introduction to Sunnī uṣūl al-fiqh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. “Non-Analogical Arguments in Sunnī Juridical Qiyās.” Arabica 36 (1989), pp. 286–306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallaq, Wael.“On Inductive Corrobation, Probability and Certainty in Sunnī Legal Thought.” In: Heer, Nicholas (ed.). Islamic Law and Jurisprudence: Studies in Honor of Farhad J. Ziadeh. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990, pp. 3–31Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael.“Takhrīj and the Construction of Juristic Authority.” In: Weiss, Bernard (ed.). Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. Leiden: Brill, 2002, pp. 317–35Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. “Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?International Journal of Middle East Studies 16 (1984), pp. 3–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halm, Heinz. Die Ausbreitung der šāfiʿitischen Rechtsschule von den Anfängen bis zum 8./14. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1974Google Scholar
al-Hamadhānī, ʿAyn al-Quḍāt (d. 525/1131). Shakwā al-gharīb ʿan al-awṭān. Tehran: Maṭbaʿat Jāmiʿat Tihrān, 1962. Edited and translated by Arthur Arberry, J.. A Sufi Martyr: The Apologia of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadhānī. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1968Google Scholar
al-Hamadhānī, Badīʿ al-Zamān (d. 398/1008). Maqāmāt. Edited by ʿAlī Bū, Mulḥim. Beirut: Dār wa-Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1993. Translated by Gernot Rotter. Vernunft ist nichts als Narretei. Tübingen: Erdmann, 1982Google Scholar
al-Hamadhānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 521/1127). Takmilat tārīkh al-Ṭabarī. Beirut: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Kāthūlikiyya, 1959Google Scholar
al-Ḥanafī, Yūsuf b. Mūsā Abū l-Maḥāsin (d. 802/1400). al-Muʿtaṣar min al-mukhtaṣar min mushkil al-āthār. 2 vols. Repr. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, [1976]Google Scholar
al-Ḥarīrī, Abū Muḥammad al-Qāsim b. ʿAlī (d. 516/1122). Maqāmāt. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1958. Translated by Theodore Preston. Makamat or Rhetorical Anecdotes. 1850. Repr. London: Darf Publishers, 1986Google Scholar
The HarperCollins Dictionary of Religion. Edited by Smith, Jonathan Z. et al. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1995Google Scholar
Hartmann, Richard. Die Himmelsreise Muhammeds und ihre Bedeutung in der Religion des Islam. Leipzig: Teubner, 1930Google Scholar
Hasan, Ahmad. Analogical Reasoning in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Study of the Juridical Principle of Qiyas. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, 1986Google Scholar
al-Ḥaskafī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 1088/1677). al-Durr al-mukhtār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415/[1994–5]Google Scholar
Havemann, Axel. Riʾāsa und Qaḍāʾ: Institutionen als Ausdruck wechselnder Machtverhältnisse in syrischen Städten vom 10. bis zum 12. Jahrhundert. Freiburg: K. Schwarz, 1975Google Scholar
Havemann, Axel. “Soziale Hierarchie und Gleichheit: zur Stellung der Berufe im mittelalterlichen Islam.” Der Islam 82, 2 (2005), pp. 256–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Haythamī, Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr (d. 807/1405). Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid wa-manbaʿ al-fawāʾid. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1407/[1986–7]Google Scholar
Stefan, Heidemann. Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Ḥarrān von der Zeit der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken. Leiden: Brill, 2002Google Scholar
Heinen, Anton M.Islamic Cosmology: A Study of as-Suyūṭī's al-Hayʾa as-sanīya fī l-hayʾa as-sunnīya. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1982Google Scholar
Heyd, Uriel. Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Carole. “Seljuq Women.” In: Balım-Harding, Çiğdem and Imber, Colin (eds.). The Balance of Truth: Essays in Honor of Professor Geoffrey Lewis. Istanbul: Isis Press, 2000, pp. 145–63Google Scholar
Himmelfarb, Martha. Tours of Hell: An Apocalyptic Form in Jewish and Christian Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall G. S.The Order of the Assassins: The Struggle of the Early Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs Against the Islamic World. The Hague: Mouton, 1955Google Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall G. S.The Venture of Islam. 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoexter, Miriam. “La shurṭa à Alger à l'époque turque.” Studia Islamica 56 (1982), pp. 117–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horst, Heribert. Die Staatsverwaltung der Grosselǧuken und Ḫōrazmshāhs. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1964Google Scholar
Huizinga, Johan. The Autumn of the Middle Ages. 1921. Translated by Rodney J. Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996Google Scholar
al-Ḥumaydī, Muḥammad b. Fattūḥ (d. 488/1095). al-Jamʿ bayna l-ṣaḥīḥayn. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1423/2002Google Scholar
al-Ḥusaynī, Ṣadr al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Nāṣir (fl. 575/1180–620/1225). Zubdat al-tawārīkh. Edited by Nūr al-Dīn, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār Iqraʾ, 1985. Also published as Akhbār al-dawla al-saljūqiyya. Edited by Muḥammad Iqbāl. Lahore: Kuliyyat Fanjāb, 1933Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh (d. 463/1071). al-Istidhkār al-jāmiʿ li-madhāhib fuqahāʾ al-amṣār wa-ʿulamāʾ al-aqṭār. Edited by ʿAṭṭā, Sālim Muḥammad and Muʿawwaḍ, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2000Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894). Dhamm al-baghy. Riyadh: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khalaf, 1988Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-dunyā. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qurʾān, 1988Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-ghayba wa-l-namīma. Cairo: Maktabat al-Turāth al-Islāmī, [1989]Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-kadhib wa-ahlihi. Beirut: Dār al-Sanābil, 1993Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-malāhī. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyya, 1993Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).Dhamm al-muskir. Riyadh: Dār al-Rāya, 1989Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).K. Man ʿāsha baʿd al-mawt. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Maktab, 1406/1986Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 281/894).K. al-Mawt wa-K. al-qubūr. Reconstructed, edited, and translated by Kinberg, Leah. Haifa: Publications of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Haifa University, 1983Google Scholar
Ibn Abī Shayba, Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad (d. 297/909–10). Muṣannaf. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1409/1988–9. Also Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1997Google Scholar
Ibn Abī l-Wafāʾ, ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥammad (d. 775/1373). al-Jawāhir al-muḍiyya fī ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanafiyya. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyya, 1332/[1914]Google Scholar
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn b. ʿUmar (d. 1836 CE). Ḥāshiyat radd al-muḥtār ʿalā al-durr al-mukhtār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1421/2000Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAdī, ʿAbd Allāh al-Jurjānī (d. 365/976). al-Kāmil fī ḍuʿafāʾ al-rijāl. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409/1988Google Scholar
Ibn al-Anbārī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim (d. 328/939 or 940). al-Ẓāhir fī maʿānī kalimāt al-nās. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1412/1992Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAqīl, Abū l-Wafāʾ ʿAlī (d. 513/1119). al-Wāḍiḥ fī uṣūl al-fiqh. Edited by Makdisi, George. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1996Google Scholar
Ibn al-ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 638/1240). al-Futūḥāt al-makkiyya. Cairo: Būlāq, 1293/1876Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh (d. 571/1176). Dhamm man lā yaʿmalu bi-ʿilmihi. Damascus: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1990Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh (d. 571/1176).Madḥ al-tawāḍuʿ wa-dhamm al-kibr. Damascus: Dār al-Sanābil, 1413/1993Google Scholar
Ibn ʿAsākir, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh (d. 571/1176).Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq. 80 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1995–2001Google Scholar
Ibn al-Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam (d. 630/1233). al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1417/1997. Also edited by Carl Johan Tornberg. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385–/1965–Google Scholar
Ibn al-Athīr, Majd al-Dīn Abū l-Saʿādāt al-Mubārak b. Muḥammad (d. 606/1209). al-Nihāya fī gharīb al-ḥadīth wa-l-athar. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya, 1399/1979Google Scholar
Ibn al-Balkhī (fl. beg. sixth/twelfth c.). Fārsnāma. Edited by Strange, Guy and Nicholson, Richard A.. London: Luzac, 1921Google Scholar
Ibn Barhān, Aḥmad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 518/1124). al-Wuṣūl ilā l-uṣūl. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1983–4Google Scholar
Ibn Bībī, Nāṣir al-Dīn b. Muḥammad (d. c. 684/1285). Saljūqnāma [Awāmir al-ʿalāʾiyya fī umūr al-ʿalāʾiyya]. Edited by Houtsma, M. T.. Leiden: Brill, 1902 (Recueil de textes relatifs a l'histoire des Seldjoucides, vol. 4). Translated by Herbert W. Duda. Die Seltschukengeschichte des Ibn Bībī. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, [1959]Google Scholar
Ibn Funduq, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Zayd (d. 565/1169). Tārīkh-i Bayhaq. Edited by Bahmanyār, Aḥmad. Tehran: Kitābfurūshi-yi Furūghī, [196–]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Fuwaṭī, Kamāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Aḥmad (d. 723/1323). al-Ḥawādith al-jāmiʿa wa-l-tajārub al-nāfiʿa fī l-mi'a al-sābiʿa. Baghdad: al-Maktaba al-ʿArabiyya, [1351/1932–3]Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Haythamī (d. 974/1567). al-Zawājir ʿan iqtirāf al-kabāʾir. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1998Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 852/1449). Fatḥ al-bārī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Edited by al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb, Muḥibb. 14 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīal-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by al-Bajāwī, ʿAlī Muḥammad. 8 vols. Cairo: Dār Nahḍat Miṣr li-l-Ṭabʿ wa-l-Nashr, 1970–2Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīal-Īthār bi-maʿrifat ruwāt al-āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1413/1993Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīLisān al-mīzān. 3rd ed. Beirut: Muʾāssasat al-Aʿlamī, 1406/1986Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīTahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1404/1984Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. ʿAlīTalkhīṣ al-ḥabīr fī takhrīj aḥādīth al-Rāfiʿī al-kabīr. Edited by Hāshim al-Yamanī al-Madanī., Abū ʿAbd AllāḥMedina: Sharikat al-Ṭibʿa al-Fanniyya al-Muttaḥida, 1384/1964Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥamdūn, Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan (d. 562/1166). al-Tadhkira al-Ḥamdūniyya. Edited by Iḥsān, ʿAbbās. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1996Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 241/855). Faḍāʾil al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbbās, Waṣī Allāh b.. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1403/1983Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. MuḥammadMusnad. Cairo: Muʾassasat Qurṭuba, n.d. Also Cairo: n.p., 1368/[1949–50]Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 456/1064). al-Iḥkām fī uṣūl al-aḥkām. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1404/1984Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 456/1064).Marātib al-ijmāʿ. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1998Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 456/1064).al-Radd ʿalā Ibn al-Naghrīla. Cairo: Maktabat Dār al-ʿUrūba, 1960Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥibbān, Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad (d. 354/965). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by al-Arnaʾūṭ, Shuʿayb. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1414/1993Google Scholar
Ibn al-Humām, Kamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid (d. 861/1457). Fatḥ al-qadīr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī (d. 597/1200). Aḥkam al-nisāʾ. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, 1981Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīDhamm al-hawā. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1418/1998Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīal-ʿIlal al-mutanāhiyya fī l-aḥādīth al-wāhiya. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/1983Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīKashf al-mushkil min ḥadīth al-ṣaḥīḥayn. Edited by Ḥusayn al-Bawwāb, ʿAlī. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1418/1997Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīK. al-Mawḍūʿāt. Edited by Ḥamdān, Tawfīq. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415/1995Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīal-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa-l-mulūk. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1412/1992. Also edited Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 1357–8/[1938–40]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīK. al-Quṣṣās wa-l-mudhakkirīn. Edited and translated by Schwartz, Merlin. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1971Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīZād al-masīr fī ʿilm al-tafsīr. [Damascus]: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1964–8. Also Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414/1994Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīTalbīs Iblīs. Cairo: Idārat al-Ṭibāʾa al-Miṣriyya, 1352/[1933]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlīal-Thabāt ʿinda l-mamāt. Beirut: Dār al-Jamīl, 1413/1993Google Scholar
Ibn Kathīr, Abū l-FidāʾIsmāʿīl b, ʿUmar (d. 774/1373). al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1966–Google Scholar
Ibn Kathīr, Abū l-FidāʾIsmāʿīl b, ʿUmar (d. 774/1373).Tafsīr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401/[1980–1]Google Scholar
Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (d. 784/1382). al-Muqaddima. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh al-Mandūh, Abū, Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyya, 1994. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. New York: Pantheon Books, 1958Google Scholar
Ibn Khallikān, Abū l-ʿAbbās Shams al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 681/1282). Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān. Edited by Iḥsān, ʿAbbās. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1398/[1977]Google Scholar
al-Khaṭīb, Ibn, Lisān al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Saʿīd (d. 776/1375). al-Iḥāṭa fī akhbār Gharnāṭa. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī, 1973. Also Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1956Google Scholar
Ibn Khazīma, Abū Bakr Muḥammad al-Sulamī al-Nīsābūrī (d. 311/923–4). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Aʿẓamī, Muḥammad. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1390/1970Google Scholar
Ibn Māja, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Yazīd al-Qazwīnī (d. 273/887). Sunan. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram (d. 711/1311–12). Lisān al-ʿarab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [1955]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Marzubān, Muḥammad b. Khalaf (d. 309/921). Dhamm al-thuqalāʾ. Cologne: Manshūrāt al-Jamal, 1999Google Scholar
Ibn Miskawayh, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 421/1030). Tajārib al-umam. Edited by Amedroz, Henry F.. The Eclipse of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate, Vols. I and II. Oxford: Blackwell, 1920–1Google Scholar
Ibn al-Mubārak, ʿAbd Allāh (d. 181/797). Musnad. Edited by al-Sāmirāʾī, Ṣubḥī al-Badrī. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1407/[1986–7]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Mufliḥ, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad (d. 884/1479–80). al-Mubdiʿ fī sharḥ al-Muqniʿ. Edited by al-Shāwīsh, Zuhayr. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1974Google Scholar
Ibn al-Mufliḥ, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammadal-Nukat wa-l-fawāʾid al-sunniyya. 2nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1410/[1988–9]Google Scholar
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn b. Ibrāhīm (d. 970/1563). al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq sharḥ Kanz al-daqāʾiq. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn b. IbrāhīmRasāʾil. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1400/1980Google Scholar
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Dīn b. IbrāhīmSharḥ risālat al-ṣaghāʾir wa-l-kabāʾir. Edited by al-Mays, Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1401/1981Google Scholar
Ibn al-Qaysarānī, Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir (d. 507/1113). Dhakhīrat al-ḥuffāẓ. Edited by al-Faryawāʾī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Riyadh: Dār al-Salaf, 1416/1996Google Scholar
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr (d. 751/1350). Badāʾiʿ al-fawāʾid. Amman: Dār al-Qabas, 1986Google Scholar
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakral-Firāsa [al-Ṭuruq al-ḥukmiyya fī l-siyāsa al-sharʿiyya]. Edited by al-Sāmmarāʾī, Ṣalāḥ Aḥmad. Baghdad: [n.p.], 1986Google Scholar
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad b. Abī BakrRawḍat al-muḥibbīn. Amman: al-Maktaba al-Islāmiyya, 1988Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Muqaddasī (d. 620/1223). Dhamm al-taʾwīl. al-Jahrāʾ: Dār Ibn Athīr, 1995Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-MuqaddasīDhamm al-waswās. Damascus: Maktabat al-Fārūq, 1990Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Muqaddasīal-Kāfī fi fiqh al-Imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal. 3 vols. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, [1964]Google Scholar
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Muqaddasīal-Mughnī. 12 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1404/[1984–5]Google Scholar
Ibn Rajab, Zayn al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 795/1393). al-Takhwīf min al-nār. Damascus: Dār al-Bayān, 1399/1979Google Scholar
Ibn al-Rāzī, Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad al-Qummī (fl. fourth/tenth c.). Jāmiʿ al-aḥādīth. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmiyya, 1993Google Scholar
Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad (d. c. 230/845). al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. 9 vols. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1957–68Google Scholar
Ibn Saʿ īd, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Andalusī (d. 685/1286). al-Ghuṣūn al-yāniʿa fī maḥāsin shuʿarāʾ al-miʾa l-sābiʿa. Edited by al-Ibyārī, Ibrāhīm. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1968Google Scholar
Ibn al-Shiḥna, Ibrāhīm b. Abī l-Yaman Muḥammad (d. 880/1477–8). Lisān al-ḥukkām. Cairo: al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1393/1973Google Scholar
Ibn Sīda, ʿAlī b. Ismāʿ īl (d. 458/1066). al-Muḥkam wa-l-muḥīṭ al-aʿẓam. Edited by al-Hindāwī, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2000. Also Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1393/1973Google Scholar
Ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm (d. 728/1328). Fatāwa. Edited by al-Najdī, . Riyadh: Maṭābiʿ al-Riyāḍ, 1383/[1963–4]Google Scholar
Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā, Ṣafī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (fl. 701/1302), al-Fakhrī fī l-ādāb al-sulṭāniyya wa-l-duwal al-islāmiyya. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Raḥmāniyya, 1345/1927. Partially translated by C. E. J. Whitting. On the Systems of Government and the Moslem Dynasties. 1947. Repr. London: Darf Publishers, 1990Google Scholar
Ibn al-Turkumānī, ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān al-Mārdīnī (d. c. 745/1344). al-Jawhar al-naqī. Apud Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī's al-Sunan al-kubrā. 10 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyya, 1344–56/[1925–37]. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Ibn al-Ukhuwwa, Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 729/1329). Maʿālim al-qurba fī aḥkām al-ḥisba. Edited by Levy, Reuben. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938Google Scholar
Innes, Brian. The History of Torture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998Google Scholar
al-ʿIṣāmī, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Ḥusayn al-ʿĀṣimī al-Makkī (d. 1111/1699). Samṭ al-nujūm al-ʿawālī fī anbāʾ al-awāʾil wa-l-tawālī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419/1998Google Scholar
al-Iṣfahānī, ʿAlī b. Abī Khafṣ b. al-Faqīh Muḥammad (fl. c. 600/1203). Tuḥfat al-mulūk. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382/2003Google Scholar
Iskandar, Albert L.A Doctor's Book on Zoology: al-Marwazī's Ṭabāʾiʿ al-Ḥayawān (Nature of Animals) Reassessed.” Oriens 27–28 (1981), pp. 266–312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Sherman A.Domestic Terrorism in the Islamic Legal Tradition.” Muslim World 91 (2001), pp. 293–310CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, Georg. Altarabisches Beduinenleben. 1897. Repr. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1967Google Scholar
Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad (d. 898/1492). Mathnawī-yi haft awrang. Edited by Gīlānī, Aqā Murtaṣṣī-Mudarris. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī Saʿdī, 1337/[1958]Google Scholar
al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 370/981). Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Edited by Qamhān, M.. Cairo: Dār al-Muṣḥaf, [1965]Google Scholar
al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ʿAlīal-Fuṣūl fī l-uṣūl. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shuʾūn al-Dīniyya, 1405/[1984–5]Google Scholar
al-Jazīrī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-arbaʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1422/2002Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Apostasy as Objective and Depersonalized Fact: Two Recent Egyptian Court Judgments.” Social Research 70, 2 (2003), pp. 687–710Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “La corruption: un délit contre l'ordre social: les qāḍī-s de Bukhārā.” Annales 57, 6 (2002), pp. 1561–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Eigentum, Familie und Obrigkeit im hanafitischen Strafrecht: das Verhältnis der privaten Rechte zu den Forderungen der Allgemeinheit in hanafitischen Rechtskommentaren.” Die Welt des Islams 19 (1979), pp. 1–73Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“La mise en scène du vol par les juristes musulmanes.” In: di Bella, Maria Pia (ed.). Vols et sanctions en Méditerranée. Amsterdam: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines, 1998, pp. 41–74Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “The Muslim Fiqh as a Sacred Law: Religion, Law and Ethics in a Normative System.” In: Johansen. Contingency in a Sacred Law: Legal and Ethical Norms in the Muslim fiqh. Leiden: Brill, 1999, pp. 1–76Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Signs as Evidence: The Doctrine of Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 1351).” Islamic Law and Society 9, 2 (2002), pp. 168–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, Baber. “Die sündige, gesunde Amme: Moral und gesetzliche Bestimmung (ḥukm) im islamischen Recht.” Welt des Islams 28 (1988), pp. 264–82Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“The Valorization of the Human Body in Muslim Sunnī Law.” In: Stewart, Devin, Johansen, Baber, and Singer, Amy (eds.). Law and Society in Islam. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1996, pp. 71–112Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“Verité et torture: ius commune et droit musulman entre le Xe et le XIIe siècle.” In: Héritier, Françoise (ed.). De la violence. Paris: Editions O. Jacob, 1996, pp. 123–68Google Scholar
Johansen, Baber.“Wahrheit und Geltungsanspruch: zur Begründung und Begrenzung der Autorität des Qadi-Urteils im islamischen Recht.” In: Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo (ed.). La giustizia nell'alto Medioevo, secoli IX–XI: 11–17 aprile 1996. Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, 1997, pp. 975–1065
Johansen, Baber. “Zum Prozeβrecht der ʿUqūbāt.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 127 (1977), pp. 477–486. Repr. in: Johansen. Contingency in a Sacred Law. Leiden: Brill, 1999, pp. 421–33Google Scholar
Johnson, Hervert A. and Wolfe, Nancy Travis. History of Criminal Justice. 1988. Cincinnati: Anderson, 2003Google Scholar
al-Jurjānī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 816/1413). al-Taʿrīfāt. Edited by Flügel, Gustav. Leipzig: Sumptibus F. C. G. Vogelii, 1845Google Scholar
Juwaynī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAṭā Malik (d. 681/1283). Tārīkh-i Jahāngushā. Edited by Muḥammad Qazvini, Mirza. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1912–37Google Scholar
Juwaynī, Muʾayyad al-Dawla Muntajib al-Dīn Badīʿ (d. c. 551/1157). ʿAtabat al-kataba. Edited by Qazvīnī, Muḥammad and Iqbāl, ʿAbbās. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Chāp, 1329 sh./[1950]Google Scholar
al-Juzjānī, Minhāj-i Sirāj (d. after 664/1265). Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī. Edited by Ḥabībī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy. Tehran: Dunyā-yi Kitāb, 1363/[1984–5]. Translated by H. G. Raverty. The Tabaqāt-i Nāṣirī. 1881. Repr. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1991Google Scholar
Kafesoǧlu, İbrahim. Sultan Melikşah devrinde büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluǧu. Istanbul: O. Yalçin Matbaasi, 1953Google Scholar
al-Kaffawī, Abū l-Baqāʾ Ayyūb b. Mūsā al-Ḥusaynī al-Kaffawī (d. 1094/1682–3). al-Kulliyāt muʿjam fī al-muṣṭalaḥāt wa-l-furūq al-lughawiyya. Edited by Darwīsh, ʿAdnān and al-Maṣrī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1419/1998Google Scholar
Kaḥḥāla, ʿUmar Riḍā. Muʿjam al-muʾallifīn. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1414/1993Google Scholar
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1991Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. The Critique of Judgement. 1781. Translated by J. C. Meredith. Oxford: Clarendon, 1928Google Scholar
Kantorowicz, Ernst Hartwig. The King's Two Bodies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957Google Scholar
Karamustafa, Ahmet. God's Unruly Friends: Dervish Groups in the Islamic Later Middle Period, 1200–1500. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994Google Scholar
al-Kāsānī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū Bakr b. Masʿūd (d. 587/1189). Badāʾiʿ al-ṣanāʾiʿ fī tartīb al-sharāʾiʿ. 7 vols. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Jamāliyya, 1910. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1982Google Scholar
Kaykāʾūs b. Iskandar b. Qābūs b. Washmgīr (d. c. 480/1087–8). Qābūsnāma. Edited by Levy, Reuben. London: Luzac, 1951. Translated by Reuben Levy. A Mirror for Princes: The Qābūs Nāma. London: Cresset Press, 1951Google Scholar
Kermani, Navid. Der Schrecken Gottes: Attar, Hiob und die metaphysische Revolte. Munich: Beck, 2005Google Scholar
Kettermann, Günter. Atlas zur Geschichte des Islam. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2001Google Scholar
al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Farāhidī (d. c. 175/791). K. al-ʿAyn. Edited by al-Makhzūmī, Mahdī. [Baghdad]: Wizārat al-Thaqāfa wa-l-Iʿlām, 1980–5Google Scholar
al-Kharīsha, Fawāz Ḥamad. “Kitāba ʿarabiyya bi-l-khaṭṭ al-thamūdī min al-Urdun.” Adumatu 2 (2000), pp. 59–70Google Scholar
al-Khaṣṣāf, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿUmar (d. 261/875). Adab al-qāḍī. Cairo: American University Press, 1978. Translated by Munīr Aḥmad Mughal. Ādāb al-qāḍī: Islamic Legal and Judicial System. Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1999Google Scholar
al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 463/1071). Tārīkh Baghdād. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
al-Khāzin al-Baghdādī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 741/1341). Tafsīr [Lubāb al-taʾwīl fī maʿānī al-tanzīl]. Cairo: Ḥasan Ḥilmī al-Kutubī, 1318/1900–1Google Scholar
al-Khūyī, Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Muʾmin (fl. late seventh/thirteenth c.). Rusūm al-rasāʾil wa-nujūm al-faḍāʾil. Edited by Sadiq Erzi, Adnan. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1963Google Scholar
Khwāndamīr, Ghiyāth al-Dīn b. Humām al-Dīn (d. c. 942/1535). Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī ū Chāpkhāna-yi Iqbāl, 1317/[1938–9]Google Scholar
Khwāndamīr, Ghiyāth al-Dīn b. Humām al-Dīn (d. c. 942/1535).Ḥabīb al-siyar fī akhbār afrād bashar. Edited by Siyāqī, Muḥammad. [Tehran]: Kitābfurūshi-yi Khayyām, 1362/[1983]Google Scholar
Kinberg, Leah. “Interaction Between This World and the Afterworld in Early Islamic Tradition.” Oriens 29–30 (1986), pp. 285–308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Kirmānī, Afḍal al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Ḥamid (fl. 570/1174–584/1188). ʿIqd al-ūlā fī mawqif al-aʿlā. Tehran: Rūzbahān, [1977]Google Scholar
al-Kisāʾī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh (fl. fifth/eleventh c.). Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. Edited by Shibl, Khālid. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2004. Translated by Wheeler Thackston. Tales of the Prophets. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978Google Scholar
Klausner, Carla. The Seljuk Vezirate: A Study of Civil Administration 1055–1194. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973Google Scholar
Klein, Yaron. “Between Public and Private: An Examination of Ḥisba Literature.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 7 (2006), pp. 41–62Google Scholar
Klug, Ulrich. Juristische Logik. 4th rev. ed. Berlin: Springer, 1982CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köymen, Mehmet Altay. Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluǧu tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1954Google Scholar
Kraemer, Joel. “Apostates, Rebels and Brigands.” Israel Oriental Studies 10 (1980), pp. 35–73Google Scholar
Kresmárik, Johann. “Beiträge zur Beleuchtung des islamitischen Strafrechts mit Rücksicht auf Theorie und Praxis in der Türkei.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 58 (1904), pp. 69–113Google Scholar
Kropp, Manfred. “Individual Public Confessions and Pious ex voto, or Stereotypical and Stylized Trial Document and Stigmatizing Tablet for the Pillory? The Expiation Texts in Ancient South Arabian.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 32 (2002), pp. 203–8Google Scholar
al-Kussī, ʿAbd Ibn Ḥamīd (d. 249/863). Musnad. Edited by al-Sāmmarāʾī, Ṣubḥī al-Badrī and al-Ṣaʿīdī, Maḥmūd Muḥammad Khalīl. Cairo: Maktabat al-Sunna, 1408/1988Google Scholar
al-Lālakāʾī, Abū l-Qāsim Hibat Allāh b. al-Ḥasan (d. 418/1027). Iʿtiqād ahl al-sunna wa-l-jamāʿa. Riyadh: Dār Ṭība, 1402/[1981–2]Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.The Administration of Sanjar's Empire as Illustrated in the ʿAtabat al-Kataba.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 20 (1957), pp. 367–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.Changing Concepts of Justice and Injustice from the 5th/11th Century to the 8th/14th Century in Persia: The Saljuq Empire and the Ilkhanate.” Studia Islamica 68 (1988), pp. 27–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.“Contributions to the Study of Seljuq Institutions.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 1939
Lambton, Ann K. S.The Dilemma of Government in Islamic Persia: The Siyāsat-nāma of Niẓām al-Mulk.” Iran 22 (1984), pp. 55–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.“The Internal Structure of the Seljuq Empire.” In: Boyle, J. A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. V, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 203–83Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.“Islamic Mirrors for Princes.” Atti del Convegno internazionale sul tema: la Persia nel Medioevo. Rome: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1971, pp. 419–42Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S.State and Government in Medieval Islam: An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981Google Scholar
Lane, Edward William. An Arabic–English Lexicon. London and Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, 1863Google Scholar
Lange, Christian. “Ḥisba and the Problem of Overlapping Jurisdictions: An Introduction to, and Translation of, the Ḥisba Diplomas in Qalqashandī's Ṣubḥ al-aʿshāʾ.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 7 (2006), pp. 85–107Google Scholar
Lange, Christian. “Legal and Cultural Aspects of Ignominious Parading (Tashhīr) in Islam.” Islamic Law and Society 14, 1 (2007), pp. 81–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laoust, Henri. La politique de Ghazālī. Paris: P. Geuthner, 1970Google Scholar
Laqueur, Walter and Rubin, Barry (eds.). The Human Rights Reader. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979Google Scholar
Larenz, Karl. Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft. 1960. Berlin: Springer, 1991CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leder, Stefan. “Aspekte arabischer und persischer Fürstenspiegel.” In: Beltz, Walter and Günther, Sebastian (eds.). Erlesenes: Sonderheft der Halleschen Beiträge zur Orientwissenschaft anlässlich des 19. Kongresses der Union Européenne d'Arabisants et Islamisants. Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität, 1998, pp. 120–51Google Scholar
Leder, Stefan. Ibn al-Ǧauzī und seine Kompilation wider die Leidenschaft: der Traditionist in gelehrter Überlieferung und originärer Lehre. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1984Google Scholar
LeGoff, Jacques. The Medieval Imagination. 1985. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988Google Scholar
LeGoff, Jacques. La naissance du purgatoire. 1981. The Birth of Purgatory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984Google Scholar
Lentz, Matthias. “Schmähbriefe und Schandbilder als Medien außergerichtlicher Konfliktbewältigung: von der sozialen Sanktion zur öffentlichen Strafe (14.–16. Jahrhundert).” In: Schlosser, Hans and Willoweit, Dietmar (eds.). Neue Wege strafrechtsgeschichtlicher Forschung. Cologne: Böhlau, 1999, pp. 55–81Google Scholar
LeStrange, Guy. Baghdad During the Abbasid Caliphate. 1900. Repr. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983Google Scholar
LeStrange, Guy. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1901Google Scholar
Levi, Edward H.An Introduction to Legal Reasoning. [Chicago]: University of Chicago Press, 1949Google Scholar
Levy, Reuben. A Baghdad Chronicle. 1929. Repr. Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1977Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. Race and Color in Islam. New York: Harper & Row, 1970Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard.“Siyāsa.” In: Green, A. H. (ed.). In Quest of an Islamic Humanism: Arabic and Islamic Studies in Memory of Mohamed al-Nowaihi. Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 1984, pp. 3–14Google Scholar
Littmann, Enno (tr.). Die Erzählungen aus Tausendundein Nächten. 1923. Wiesbaden: Insel, 1953Google Scholar
al-Maʿarrī, Abū l-ʿAlāʾ (d. 449/1058). Risālat al-ghufrān. Edited by al-Shāṭiʾ, Bint. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, [1956]. Partially translated by Gregor Schoeler. Paradies und Hölle: die Jenseitsreise aus dem “Sendschreiben über die Vergebung”. Munich: Beck, 2002Google Scholar
MacDonald, John. “Islamic Eschatology III: The Twilight of the Dead.” Islamic Studies 4 (1965), pp. 55–102Google Scholar
MacDonald, John. “Islamic Eschatology VI: Paradise.” Islamic Studies 5 (1966), pp. 331–83Google Scholar
Madelung, Wilferd. “Apocalyptic Prophecies in Ḥimṣ in the Umayyad Age.” Journal of Semitic Studies 31 (1986), pp. 141–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Māfarrūkhī, al-Mufaḍḍal b. Saʿd (fl. first half fifth/eleventh c.). Maḥāsin Iṣfahān. Edited by al-Dīn al-Tihrānī, Jalāl. Tehran: Maṭbaʿat Majlis, [1933]. Translated by Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Āwī, Tarjama-yi Maḥāsin-i Iṣfahān. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahām-i Chāp, [1949]Google Scholar
Maghen, Ze'ev. “Close Encounters: Some Preliminary Observations on the Transmission of Impurity in Early Sunnī Jurisprudence.” Islamic Law and Society 6, 3 (1999), pp. 348–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maghen, Ze'ev. “First Blood: Purity, Edibility, and the Independence of Islamic Jurisprudence.” Der Islam 81, 1 (2004), pp. 49–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makdisi, George. Ibn ʿAqīl et la résurgence de l'Islam traditionaliste au XIe siècle (Ve siècle de l'Hégire). Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 1963CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makdisi, George. “Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 24 (1961), pp. 1–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makdisi, George. “Les rapports entre calife et sulṭān à l'époque saljūqide.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 6 (1975), pp. 228–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Makkī, Abū Ṭālib Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Ḥārithī (d. 386/998). Qūṭ al-qulūb fī muʿāmalat al-maḥbūb. Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1961. Translated by Richard Gramlich. Die Nahrung der Herzen. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1992–5Google Scholar
Makris, Georgios. “Justinian II.” In: Bautz, Friedrich Wilhem (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon. Hamm: T. Bautz, 1970–, vol. III, pp. 896–7Google Scholar
Mālik b. Anas, Abū ʿAbd Allāh (d. 179/795). al-Muwaṭṭaʾ. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad. 2 vols. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
Malti-Douglas, Fedwa. “Texts and Tortures: The Reign of al-Muʿtaḍid and the Construction of Historical Meaning.” Arabica 46 (1999), pp. 313–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Marghinānī, Burhān al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl (d. 593/1196). Bidāyat al-mubtadī. Cairo: Maktabat wa-Maṭbaʿat Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣubḥ, n.d.
al-Marghinānī, Burhān al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl (d. 593/1196).al-Hidāya sharḥ al-Bidāya. Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1975. Translated by Charles Hamilton. The Hedaya, or Guide: A Commentary on the Mussulman Laws. London: Allen Co., 1870Google Scholar
Marlowe, Christopher (d. 1593). Doctor Faustus. Edited by Bevington, Dave and Rasmussen, Eric. Doctor Faustus A- and B-texts (1604, 1616): Christopher Marlowe and His Collaborator and Revisers. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993Google Scholar
Martinage, Renée. Histoire du droit pénal en Europe. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1998Google Scholar
Massignon, Louis. La passion de Husayn Ibn Mansūr Hallāj. 1922. Repr. Paris: Gallimard, 1975Google Scholar
Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David. “Qāḍīs and Their Courts: An Historical Survey.” In: Masud, Peters, and Powers, (eds.). Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and Their Judgments. Leiden: Brill, 2006, pp. 1–44Google Scholar
Masuzawa, Tomoko. “Culture.” In: Taylor, Marc C. (ed.). Critical Terms for Religious Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, pp. 70–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 450/1058). Adab al-qāḍī. Baghdad: Riʾāsat Dīwān al-Awqāf, [1971–2]. Partially translated by Irene Schneider. Das Bild des Richters in der “adab al-qāḍī”-Literatur. Frankfurt: P. Lang, 1990Google Scholar
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammadal-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya. Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1386/1966. Also Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tawfīqiyya, [1978]Google Scholar
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. MuḥammadTafsīr. Edited by Muḥammad Khiḍr, Khiḍr. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf, 1982Google Scholar
al-Maybudī, Abū l-Faḍl Rashīd al-Dīn (fl. 520/1126). Kashf al-asrār wa-ʿiddat al-abrār. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh, 1339sh./[1960]Google Scholar
al-Maydānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 518/1124). Majmaʿ al-amthāl. Edited by Habicht, Christian M.. Bratislava: Typis universitatis, 1826. Also edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijāriyya al-Kubrā, 1959Google Scholar
Mediano, Fernando Rodríguez. “Justice, crime et châtiment au Maroc au 16e siècle.” Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales 51, 3 (1996), pp. 611–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, Fritz. “The Ultimate Origin and the Hereafter in Islam.” In: Tikku, Girdhari L. (ed.). Islam and Its Cultural Divergence: Studies in Honor of Gustave E. von Grunebaum. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, [1971], pp. 96–112Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. “Exemplary Lives, Exemplary Deaths: The Execution of Ḥasanak.” In: Vázquez de Benito, Concepción and Rodríguez, Manzano, Angel, Miguel (eds.). Actas, XVI Congreso UEAI. Salamanca: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 1995, pp. 357–64Google Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott. Medieval Persian Court Poetry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Ya'kov. “The Development of Legal Thought in the Ḥanafī Texts.” Studia Islamica 30 (1969), pp. 73–118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Ya'kov. “Research Note: Marghīnānī, His Method and His Legacy.” Islamic Law and Society 9, 3 (2002), pp. 410–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, Jonas. “Die Hölle im Islam.” Ph.D. dissertation, Basel University, 1901
Mez, Adam. The Renaissance of Islam. 1922. London: Luzac, 1937Google Scholar
al-Mīhanī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Khāliq (fl. 575/1180). Dastūr-i dabīrī. Edited by Sadιq Erzi, Adnan. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1962Google Scholar
Milliot, Louis and Blanc, F.-P.Introduction à l'étude du droit musulman. 2nd ed. Paris: Sirey, 1987Google Scholar
Mills, Robert. Suspended Animation: Pain, Pleasure and Punishment in Medieval Culture. London: Reaktion Books, 2005Google Scholar
Milson, Menahem. A Sufi Rule for Novices: Kitāb Ādāb al-Muridīn of Abū al-Najīb al-Suhrawardī. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975Google Scholar
Minois, George. Histoire de l'enfer. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994Google Scholar
Miquel, André.La géographie humaine du monde musulman jusq'au milieu du 11e siècle, vol. III, Le milieu naturel. Paris: Mouton, 1980Google Scholar
al-Mizzī, Yūsuf b. al-Zakī (d. 742/1341). Tahdhīb al-kamāl fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. Edited by ʿAwwād Maʿrūf, Bashshār. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1400/1980Google Scholar
Mohammed, Khaleelul Iqbal. “Development of an Archetype: Studies in the Shurayḥ Traditions.” Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 2001
Monfarrer Sala, Juan Pedro. “A propósito de Wādī Yahannam.” Al-Andalus Maghreb 5 (1997), pp. 149–162Google Scholar
Moosa, Ebrahim. Ghazālī and the Poetics of Imagination. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005Google Scholar
Morabia, Alfred, “Recherches sur quelques noms de couleur en arabe classique.” Studia Islamica 21 (1964), pp. 61–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David. Medieval Persia 1040–1797. London: Longman, 1988Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy. Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society. 1980. London: Tauris, 2001Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy.“Some Attitudes Towards Monarchy and Absolutism in the Eastern Islamic World of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries AD.” In: Kraemer, Joel L. and Alon, Ilai (eds.). Religion and Government in the World of Islam. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Publishing, 1983, pp. 86–91Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy and Stilt, Kristen. “Public and Private as Viewed Through the Work of the Muhtasib.” Social Research 70, 3 (2003), pp. 735–48Google Scholar
Motzki, Harald. “The Role of Non-Arab Converts in Early Islamic Law.” Islamic Law and Society 6, 3 (1999), pp. 293–317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm (fl. 1025/1616). Tārīkh-i Kirmān. Edited by Houtsma, M. T.. Leiden: Brill, 1886 (Recueil de textes relatifs à l'histoire des Seljoucides, vol. 1). Partially translated by M. T. Houtsma. “Zur Geschichte der Selǧuqen von Kermān.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 39 (1885), pp. 362–402Google Scholar
al-Muḥāsibī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥārith b. Asad (d. 243/857). K. al-Tawahhum. Edited and translated by Roman, André. Une vision humaine des fins dernières. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1978Google Scholar
Muʿ īn, Muḥammad. Farhang-i fārsī. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1963Google Scholar
Müller, Kathrin. “Al-Ḥanīn ilā l-Awṭān in Early Adab Literature.” In: Neuwirth, Angelika, Embalo, Birgit et al. (eds.). Myths, Historical Archetypes and Symbolic Figures in Arabic Literature: Towards a New Hermeneutic Approach. Proceedings of the International Symposium in Beirut, June 25–30, 1996. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999, pp. 33–58Google Scholar
al-Munāwī, ʿAbd al-Raʾūf b. Tāj al-ʿĀrifīn (d. 1031/1621). Fayḍ al-qadīr. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijāriyya al-Kubrā, 1356/[1937–8]Google Scholar
al-Munāwī, ʿAbd al-Raʾūf b. Tāj al-ʿĀrifīn (d. 1031/1621).al-Taysīr bi-l-jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī, 1408/1988Google Scholar
Bāshī, Münejjim (d. 1113/1702). Jāmiʿ al-duwal. Bayzit Umumui Kütübhame MS No. 5019 and Topkapi Sarai MS No. 2954. Partially edited and translated by S. A. Hasan. “Münejjim Bāshī's Account of Sulṭan Malīk Shah's Reign.” Islamic Studies 3, 4 (1964), pp. 429–69Google Scholar
Munṭaẓirī, ʿAlī Ḥusayn. K. al-ḥudūd fī mabāḥith al-zinā wa-l-liwāṭ wa-l-saḥq wa-l-qiyāda. Qum: Intishārāt-i Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Murray, Stephen O. “The Will Not to Know: Islamic Accommodations of Male Homosexuality.” In: Murray, , and Roscoe, W. (eds.). Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 14–54Google Scholar
Murṭadā al-Zabīdī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 1791). Tāj al-ʿarūs. Cairo: Dār al-Hidāya, n.d.
Muslim, Abū l-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī al-Nīsābūrī (d. 261/875). Ṣaḥīḥ. Edited by Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d. [Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1991]Google Scholar
al-Muṭarrizī, Nāṣir b. ʿAbd al-Sayyid (d. 610/1213). al-Mughrib fī tartīb al-muʿrib. 2 vols. Aleppo: Maktabat Usāmah ibn Zayd, 1979–82Google Scholar
al-Muttaqī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 975/1567). Kanz al-ʿummāl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419/1998Google Scholar
al-Muzanī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 204/878). al-Mukhtaṣar. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1393/1973Google Scholar
al-Nafrāwī, Aḥmad b. Ghunaym (d. 1125/1713). al-Fawākih al-dīwānī. [Beirut]: Dār al-Fikr, 1415/2000Google Scholar
Nagel, Tilman. Die Festung des Glaubens: Triumph und Scheitern des islamischen Rationalismus im 11. Jahrhundert. Munich: Beck, 1988Google Scholar
al-Naḥḥās, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 338/950). Maʿānī l-Qurʾān. Mecca: Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1409–/1988Google Scholar
Najjar, Fawzi. “Siyasa in Islamic Political Thought.” In: Marmura, Michael E. (ed.). Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani. Albany: SUNY Press, 1984, pp. 92–110Google Scholar
al-Narshakhī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar (fl. 332/943). Tārīkh-i Bukhārā. Edited by Razavī, Mudarris. Tehran: Tūs, 1363 [1984]Google Scholar
al-Nasāʾī, Aḥmad b. Shuʿayb (d. 303/915). al-Sunan al-kubrā. Edited by Sulaymān al-Bundārī, ʿAbd al-Ghaffār and Ḥasan, Sayyid Kisrawī. 6 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1411/1991Google Scholar
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf al-Dīn (d. 676/1277). al-Majmūʿ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1997Google Scholar
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf al-DīnRawḍat al-ṭālibīn wa-ʿumdat al-muftiyīn. Edited by Zuhayr al-Shāwīsh, Muḥammad. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1405/1991Google Scholar
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf al-DīnSharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1392/[1972–3]
Netton, Ian Richard. “The Perils of Allegory: Medieval Islam and the Angel of the Grave.” In: Netton, (ed.). Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth, vol. I, Hunter of the East. Leiden: Brill, 2000, pp. 417–27Google Scholar
Nielsen, Jorgen S.Secular Justice in an Islamic State: Maẓālim Under the Bahrī Mamlūks 662/1264–789/1387. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1985Google Scholar
al-Nīshāpūrī, Ẓahīr al-Dīn (fl. 585/1190). Saljūqnāma. Tehran: Chāpkhāna-yi Khāwur, 1332 sh./[1953–4]. Also edited by Morton, A. H.. London: E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2004Google Scholar
Niẓam al-Mulk, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Isḥāq (d. 485/1092). Siyāsatnāma. Edited by Drake, Hubert. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1962Google Scholar
Niẓāmī ʿArūḍī Samarqandī (wrote c. 551/1156). Chahār maqāla. Edited by Muʿīn, Muḥammad. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1334/[1955]. Translated by Edward G. Browne. The Four Discourses. Reprinted from Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society July and October 1899. London: Luzac, 1921Google Scholar
Nöldecke, Theodor. Orientalische Skizzen. 1892. Repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1974Google Scholar
Nuʿaym b. Ḥammad al-Marwazī (d. 228/843). Kitāb al-Fitan. Edited by Zakkār, S.. Mecca: n.p., [1991]Google Scholar
al-Nūrī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. Sharaf (d. 676/1277–8). Sharḥ al-Nūrī ʿalā ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1392/[1972]Google Scholar
O'Shaughnessy, Thomas. “The Seven Names for Hell in the Qurʾān.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 24 (1961), pp. 444–69Google Scholar
O'Shaughnessy, Thomas. “Sin as Alienation in Christianity and Islam.” Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas 14 (1978), pp. 127–35Google Scholar
Orsi, Robert. “Jesus Held Him So Close in His Love for Him that He Left the Marks of His Passion on His Body.” In: Orsi. Between Heaven and Earth: The Religious Worlds People Make and the Scholars Who Study Them. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005, pp. 1–18Google Scholar
Otto, Rudolf. Das Heilige: über das Irrationale in der Idee des Göttlichen und sein Verhältnis zum Rationalen. 1917. Munich: Beck, 1979Google Scholar
Otto-Dorn, Katharina. “Die Landschaftsdarstellung in der seldschukischen Malerei.” In: Haarmann, Ulrich and Bachmann, Peter (eds.). Die islamische Welt zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit: Festschrift für Hans Robert Roemer zum 65. Geburtstag. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1979 (Beiruter Texte und Studien, vol. 22), pp. 503–29Google Scholar
Otto-Dorn, Katharina. “Das seldschukische Thronbild.” Persica 10 (1982), pp. 149–203Google Scholar
Oxford English Dictionary. New ed. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000
Özaydin, Abdülkerim. Sultan Muhammed Tapar devri Selçuklu tarihi: 498–511/1105–1118. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basιmevi, 1990Google Scholar
Pancaroǧlu, Oya. “The Emergence of Turkish Dynastic Presence in the Islamic World: Cultural Experiences and Artistic Horizons, 950–1250.” In: Roxburgh, David J. (ed.). Turks: A Journey of a Thousand Years, 600–1600. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005, pp. 70–101Google Scholar
Pancaroǧlu, Oya.“‘A World Unto Himself’: The Rise of New Human Image in the Late Seljuq Period (1150–1250).” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2000
Paret, Rudi. Der Koran: Kommentar und Konkordanz. 1971. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1993Google Scholar
Paret, Rudi. Der Koran: Übersetzung. 1966. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1993Google Scholar
Paret, Rudi.“Textbelege zum islamischen Bilderverbot.” In: Fegers, Hans (ed.). Das Werk des Künstlers: Hubert Schrade zum 60. Geburtstag. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1960, pp. 36–48Google Scholar
al-Pazdawī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 482/1089). Uṣūl al-fiqh. Karachi: Maṭbaʿat Jāwīd Barīs, n.d.
al-Pazdawī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 493/1100). Uṣūl al-dīn. Edited by Peter Lins, Hans. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1963Google Scholar
Peirce, Leslie. Morality Tales: Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court of Aintab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003Google Scholar
Pellat, Charles. “Un traité de ḥisba signé: Saladin.” In: Traini, R. (ed.). Studi in onore di Francesco Gabrieli nel suo ottantesimo compleanno. Rome: Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” 1984, pp. 593–8Google Scholar
Pestritto, Ronald J.Founding the Criminal Law: Punishment and Political Thought in the Origins of America. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000Google Scholar
Peters, Edward. Torture. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985Google Scholar
Peters, Rudolph. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge Unversity Press, 2005Google Scholar
Preston, Theodore. Makamat or Rhetorical Anecdotes. 1850. Repr. London: Darf Publishers, 1986Google Scholar
Puente, Cristina de la. “En las cárceles del poder: prisión en al-Andalus bajo los Omeyas (ss. II/VIII–IV/X).” In: Fierro, Maribel (ed.). De muerte violenta: política, religion y violencia en al-Andalus (Estudios onomástico-biográficos de al-Andalus 14). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2004, pp. 103–33Google Scholar
al-Qāḍī, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Aḥmad (fl. late sixth/twelfth c.). Daqāʾiq al-akhbār fī dhikr al-janna wa-l-nār. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1404/1984. Translated by Āʿisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Tarjumāna. The Islamic Book of the Dead. Norwich: Diwan Press, 1977. Also translated by M. Wolff. Mohammedanische Eschatologie. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1872. Repr. Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 2002. Also translated by Stefan Makowski. Das Totenbuch des Islam. Bern: Scherz, 1981Google Scholar
al-Qadi, Wadad. “Expressions of Alienation in Early Arabic Literature.” In: Neuwirth, Angelika, Embalo, Birgit et al. (eds.). Myths, Historical Archetypes and Symbolic Figures in Arabic Literature: Towards a New Hermeneutic Approach, Proceedings of the International Symposium in Beirut, June 25–30, 1996. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999, pp. 3–31Google Scholar
Qāḍīkhān, al-Ḥasan b. Manẓūr al-Ūzjandī al-Farghānī (d. 592/1196). Fatāwā. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1973 (Būlāq: al-Maṭba'a al-Amīriyya, 1310/[1892–3]). Apud Shaykh Niẓām et al., al-Fatāwa al-hindiyya [al-Fatāwa al-ʿālamgīriyya]Google Scholar
al-Qalqashandī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad (d. 821/1418). Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā fī ṣināʿat al-inshāʾ. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya, 1918–22Google Scholar
al-Qarāfī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Idrīs (d. 684/1285). al-Dhakhīra. Edited by Ḥajjī, Muḥammad. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb, 1994Google Scholar
al-Qārī, ʿAlī b. Sulṭān Muḥammad al-Harāwī (d. 1014/1605–6). Mirqāt al-mafātīḥ shārḥ Mishkāt al-maṣābīḥ. 11 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1422/2001Google Scholar
al-Qazwīnī, Ḥamd Allāh Mustawfī (fl. 1330–1340). Tārīkh-i guzīda. London: Luzac, 1910– (E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, vol. 14)Google Scholar
al-Quḍāʿ ī, AbūʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Salāma (d. 454/1062). Musnad al-shihāb. Edited by ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Salafī, Ḥamdī. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1985Google Scholar
al-Qummī, Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad Ibn al-Rāzī (fl. fourth/tenth c.). Jāmiʿ al-aḥādīth. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmiyya, 1993Google Scholar
al-Qummī, Najm al-Dīn Abū l-Rajāʾ (fl. 584/1188). Tārīkh al-wuzarāʾ. Tehran: Muʾassasat-yi Muṭālaʿāt ū Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1363/[1985]Google Scholar
al-Qurṭubī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 671/1272). Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. 8 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Shaʿb, n.d.
al-Qurṭubī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 671/1272).Tadhkirat aḥwāl al-mawtā wa-umūr al-ākhira. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Ḥalabī, 1400/1980Google Scholar
al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin (d. 465/1072). K. al-Miʿrāj. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Ḥadītha, 1384/1964Google Scholar
al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin (d. 465/1072).al-Risāla al-Qushayriyya. Edited by Zarīq, Maʿrūf Muṣṭafā. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, 2005Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy. “Liturgies and Lies.” International Yearbook for Sociology of Knowledge and Religion 10 (1976), pp. 75–104Google Scholar
Rashīd al-Dīn, Fāḍl Allāh Ṭabīb (d. 718/1318). Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh. Partially edited by Dānishpazhūh, M. Taqī and Zanjānī, M. Mudarrisī. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjam ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1337 sh./[1959]. Partially translated by Kenneth A. Luther. The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jāmi' al-tawārīkh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljūq-nāma of Ẓahīr al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Edited by C. E. Bosworth. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2001Google Scholar
al-Rāwandī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Sulaymān (fl. beginning of seventh/thirteenth c.). Rāḥat al-suḍūr wa-āyāt al-surūr. Edited by Iqbāl, Muḥammad. London: Luzac, 1921. Partially translated by Charles Schefer. “Tableau du règne de Mouïzz Eddin Aboul Harith, Sultan Sindjar.” In: Leroux, Ernest (ed.). Nouveaux mélanges orientaux. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1886, pp. 1–30Google Scholar
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 606/1210). al-Maḥṣūl fī ʿilm al-uṣūl. Edited by Jābir Fayyāḍ al-ʿAlwānī, Ṭahā. 6 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1412/1992Google Scholar
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 606/1210).al-Risāla fī ʿilm al-firāsa. Edited and translated by Mourad, Youssef. La physiognomie arabe et le Kitāb al-firāsa de Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Paris: Geuthner, 1939Google Scholar
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 606/1210).al-Tafsīr al-kabīr [Mafātīḥ al-ghayb]. 32 vols. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Bahiyya al-Miṣriyya, 1934–62. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421/2000Google Scholar
Reinhart, Kevin. “Impurity/No Danger.” History of Religions 30, 1 (1990), pp. 1–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinhart, Kevin. “Response to Eric Ormsby's Review of Before Revelation in Islamic Law and Society, 5.1.” Islamic Law and Society 6, 3 (1999), pp. 417–19Google Scholar
Richter-Bernburg, Lutz. Der Syrische Blitz: Saladins Sekretär zwischen Selbstdarstellung und Geschichtsschreibung. Beirut: Franz Steiner, 1998Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul. Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970Google Scholar
Ringgren, Helmer. Islām, ʾaslama and Muslim. Uppsala: C. W. K. Gleerup, 1949Google Scholar
Ritter, Hellmut. Das Meer der Seele: Mensch, Welt und Gott in den Geschichten des Fariduddin Attar. Leiden: Brill, 1955Google Scholar
Robinson, Chase F.Islamic Historiography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003Google Scholar
Robson, J.Is the Moslem Hell Eternal?Moslem World (1938), pp. 386–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, Franz. A History of Muslim Historiography. 1952. Leiden: Brill, 1968Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Franz. “On Suicide in Islam.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 66 (1946), pp. 239–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotter, Gernot. “Die Stellung des Negers in der islamisch-arabischen Gesellschaft bis zum XVI. Jahrhundert.” Ph.D. dissertation, Bonn, 1967
Rowson, Everett K.The Effeminates of Early Medina.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 111 (1991), pp. 671–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roxin, Claus. Einführung in das Strafrecht und Strafprozeßrecht. 4th ed. Heidelberg: C. F. Müller, 2003Google Scholar
Rubin, Uri. “Apes, Pigs, and the Islamic Identity.” Israel Oriental Studies 17 (1997), pp. 89–105Google Scholar
Rubin, Uri. The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muḥammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1995Google Scholar
al-Rudhrāwarī, Abū Shujāʿ Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 488/1095). Dhayl kitāb tajārib al-umam. Edited and translated by Amedroz, Henry F.. The Eclypse of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate, vol. III. Oxford: Blackwell, 1920/1Google Scholar
Sabari, Simha. Mouvements populaires à Bagdad à l'époque ʿabbasside, IXe–XIe siècles. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1981Google Scholar
Sabbagh, Toufic. La métaphore dans le Coran. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1943Google Scholar
al-Ṣafadī, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Khalīl b. Aybak (d. 764/1363). al-Wāfī bi-l-wafayāt. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1962Google Scholar
Safi, Omid. The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006Google Scholar
Safwat, S. M.Offences and Penalties in Islamic Law.” Islamic Quarterly 26 (1982), pp. 149–81Google Scholar
al-Ṣaghānī, al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad (d. 650/1252). al-Mawḍūʿāt. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khalaf, Najm. Cairo: Dār Nāfiʿ, 1980 [Damascus: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1405/(1984–5)]Google Scholar
Saleh, Walid A.The Formation of the Classical Tafsīr Tradition: The Qurʾān Commentary of al-Thaʿlabī (d. 427/1035). Leiden: Brill, 2004Google Scholar
al-Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad (d. 562/1166). K. al-Ansāb. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 1962–82Google Scholar
al-Samʿānī, Abū l-Muẓaffar Manṣūr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 489/1096). Qawāṭiʿ al-adilla fī ʿilm al-uṣūl. Edited by al-Ḥakamī, ʿAlī. Riyadh: Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1418/1998. Also edited by Muḥammad Ḥasan Haytu. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1417/1996Google Scholar
al-Samʿānī, Abū l-Muẓaffar Manṣūr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 489/1096).Tafsīr. Edited by al-Ḥakamī, ʿAlī. Riyadh: Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1418/1998. Also edited by Yāsir b. Ibrāhīm and Ghanīm b. ʿAbbās b. Ghanīm. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1418/1997Google Scholar
al-Samarqandī, Abū l-Layth Naṣr b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. between 373/983–4 and 393/1002–3). Qurrat al-ʿuyūn wa-mufriḥ al-qalb al-maḥzūn. Apud ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Aḥmad al-Anṣārī, Mukhtaṣar tadhkirat al-Qurṭubī. Damascus: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, n.d.
al-Samarqandī, Abū l-Layth Naṣr b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. between 373/983–4 and 393/1002–3).Tafsīr [Baḥr al-ʿulūm]. Edited by Maḥmūd Muṭrijī (?). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Samarqandī, ʿAlā al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 539/1144). Tuḥfat al-fuqahāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1405/1984Google Scholar
Sanāʾī, Abū l-Majd Majdūd b. Ādam (d. 525/1131). Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa wa-sharīʿat al-ṭarīqa. Selections edited by Razavī, Muḥammad. Tehran: Sipihr, 1329/[1950]Google Scholar
al-Ṣanʿānī, Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Humām (d. 211/827). Muṣannaf. Edited by al-Raḥmān al-Aʿẓamī, Ḥabīb. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1970–2Google Scholar
al-Ṣanʿānī, Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Humām (d. 211/827).Tafsīr. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1410/[1989–90]Google Scholar
Sanders, Paula. Ritual, Politics, and the City in Fatimid Cairo. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994Google Scholar
al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 483/1090). K. al-Mabsūṭ. Cairo, 1324–31/[1906–13]. Repr. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1993Google Scholar
al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 483/1090).Sharḥ al-Siyar al-kabīr. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Niẓāmiyya, 1335/[1916–17]. Translated by Muhammed Hamidullah. Le grand livre de la conduite de l'état. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfi, 1989–91
al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. c. 483/1090).al-Uṣūl. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d. Also edited by Abū l-Wafā al-Afghānī. Hydarabad: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1372–3/[1953–4]Google Scholar
Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985Google Scholar
Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964Google Scholar
Schacht, Joseph. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon, 1950Google Scholar
Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. London: Folio Society, 2004Google Scholar
Schefer, Charles, trans. “Tableau du règne de Mouïzz Eddin Aboul Harith Sultan Sindjar.” In: Leroux, Ernest (ed.). Nouveaux mélanges orientaux. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1886, pp. 1–30Google Scholar
Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975Google Scholar
Schmidtke, Sabine. A Muʿtazilite Creed of al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144). Wiesbaden: Harassowitz, 1997Google Scholar
Schmitt, Arno. “Liwāṭ im Fiqh: männliche Homosexualität?Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 4 (2001–2), pp. 49–110Google Scholar
Schneider, Irene. Das Bild des Richters in der “adab al-qāḍī”-Literatur. Frankfurt: P. Lang, 1990Google Scholar
Schneider, Irene. “Imprisonment in Pre-Classical and Classical Islamic Law.” Islamic Law and Society 2, 2 (1995), pp. 157–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeler, Gregor. Charakter und Authentie der muslimischen Überlieferung über das Leben Mohammeds. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeler, Gregor. trans. Paradies und Hölle: die Jenseitsreise aus dem “Sendschreiben über die Vergebung.”Munich: Beck, 2002Google Scholar
Séguy, Marie-Rose. The Miraculous Journey of Mahomet Miʿrājnāmeh bibliothèque nationale, Paris (manuscrit supplément Turc 190). New York: G. Braziller, 1977Google Scholar
Seljuq, Affan. “Saljūqid Period and the Persian Historiography.” Islamic Culture 51, 1 (1977), pp. 171–85Google Scholar
Serrano, Delfina. “Twelve Court Cases on the Application of Penal Law Under the Almoravids.” In: Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Peters, Rudolph, and Powers, David (eds.). Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and Their Judgments. Leiden: Brill, 2006, pp. 473–93Google Scholar
Sezgin, Fuat (ed.). Wissenschaft und Technik im Islam, vol. III. Frankfurt am Main: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 2003Google Scholar
al-Shāfiʿ ī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 204/820). al-Risāla. Edited by Shākir, Aḥmad Muḥammad. Cairo: al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1358/1940Google Scholar
al-Shāfiʿ ī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 204/820).K. al-Umm. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1393/[1973]
al-Shāljī, , ʿAbbūd. Mawsūʿat al-ʿadhāb. 7 vols. Beirut: al-Dār al-ʿArabiyya li-l-Mawsūʿāt, 1980Google Scholar
Sharma, Sunil. Persian Poetry at the Indian Frontier: Masʿūd Saʿd Salmān of Lahore. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2000Google Scholar
al-Shāshī, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 344/955). al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1402/1982Google Scholar
al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 1255/1839). Nayl al-awṭār. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1973Google Scholar
al-Shaybānī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan (d. 189/805). al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1406/[1985–6]Google Scholar
Niẓām, Shaykh et al. al-Fatāwā al-ʿālamgīriyya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1411/1991Google Scholar
Shaykhzāda, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (d. 1078/1667 or 1668). Majmaʿ al-anhur. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419/1998Google Scholar
al-Shayzarī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Naṣr (d. 589/1193). al-Minhaj al-maslūk fī siyāsat al-mulūk. Al-Zarqāʾ: Maktabat al-Manār, 1407/1987Google Scholar
al-Shayzarī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Naṣr (d. 589/1193).Nihāyat al-rutba fī ṭalab al-ḥisba. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Lajnat al-Taʾlīf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr, 1365/1946. Translated by Ronald P. Buckley. The Book of the Islamic Market Inspector. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999Google Scholar
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083). al-Lumaʿ fī uṣūl al-fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1405/1985. Translated by Eric Chaumont. Kitāb al-Lumaʿ fī uṣūl al-fiqh: traité de théorie légale musulmane. Berkeley: Robbins Collection, 1999Google Scholar
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083).al-Muhadhdhab fī fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083).Ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Rāʾid al-ʿArabī, 1401/[1981]Google Scholar
al-Shīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf al-Fīrūzābādī (d. 476/1083).al-Tabṣira fī uṣūl al-fiqh. Edited by Haytū., Muḥammad Ḥ.Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1980Google Scholar
al-Shirbīnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Khaṭīb (d. 978/1570). al-Iqnāʿ fī ḥall alfāẓ Abī Shujāʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415/1994Google Scholar
al-Shirbīnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Khaṭīb (d. 978/1570).Mughnī l-muḥtāj ilā maʿrifat maʿānī alfāẓ al-Minhāj. 4 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Shoshan, Boaz. Popular Culture in Medieval Cairo. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidahmad, Muhammad ʿAta al Sid. The Hudud. [Kuala Lumpur]: n.p., 1995Google Scholar
al-Sijistānī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. ʿUzayr (d. 330/941–2). Gharīb al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār Qutayba, 1416/1995Google Scholar
Smith, Jane Idleman and Haddad, Yazbeck, Yvonne. The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection. Albany: SUNY Press, 1981Google Scholar
Soudavar, Aboulala. The Aura of Kings: Legitimacy and Divine Sanction in Iranian Kingship. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2003Google Scholar
Spierenburg, Pieter. The Spectacle of Suffering. Executions and the Evolution of Repression: From a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984Google Scholar
Spies, Otto. “Über die Kreuzigung im Islam.” In: Thomas, Rudolph (ed.). Religion und Religionen: Festschrift für Gustav Mensching. Bonn: Ludwig Röhrscheid Verlag, 1967, pp. 143–56Google Scholar
Spuler, Berthold. Iran in frühislamischer Zeit. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1952Google Scholar
Stehly, R.Un problème de théologie musulmane: la définition des fautes graves (kabāʾir).”Revue des Études Islamiques 45 (1977), pp. 165–81Google Scholar
Steingass, Francis J.A Comprehensive Persian–English Dictionary. 1892. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1930Google Scholar
Stewart, Frank H.Honor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994Google Scholar
Stewart, Frank H.What Is Honor?Acta Historiae 8, 1 (2000), pp. 13–28Google Scholar
Stillman, Yedida Kalfon. Arab Dress: A Short History. 2000. 2nd rev. ed. Leiden: Brill, 2003Google Scholar
Storey, Charles Ambrose and Blois, François. Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey. London: Luzac, 1953Google Scholar
al-Subkī, Taqī al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Kāfī (d. 756/1355). al-Ibhāj. 3 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1404/[1984]Google Scholar
al-Sughdī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī (d. 461/1069). al-Fatāwā. 2nd ed. Amman: Dār al-Furqān, 1404/1984Google Scholar
al-Sulamī, ʿIzz al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Salām (d. 660/1262). Qawāʾid al-aḥkām fī maṣāliḥ al-anām. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
al-Sunāmī, ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. ʿAwad (fl. late seventh/thirteenth c.). Niṣāb al-iḥtisāb. Riyadh: Dār al-ʿUlūm, 1982. Partially translated by Mūʾil Izzi Dien. The Theory and Practice of Market Law in Medieval Islam: A Study of Kitāb Niṣāb al-Iḥtisāb of ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Sunāmī (fl. 7th–8th/13th–14th century). Cambridge: E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 1997Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R.On Analogical Reasoning.” Harvard Law Review 106 (1993), pp. 741–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505). al-Ashbāh wa-l-naẓāʾir fī qawāʾid wa-furūʿ fiqh al-Shāfiʿiyya. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/[1982–3]Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).Dhamm al-maks. Ṭanṭā: Dār al-Ṭabāʿa li-l-Turāth, 1991Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).al-Durr al-manthūr. 8 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1983Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).al-Laʾālī al-maṣnūʿa fī l-aḥādīth al-mawḍūʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417/1996Google Scholar
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Kamāl (d. 911/1505).Sharḥ al-ṣudūr bi-sharḥ ḥāl al-mawtā wa-l-qubūr. [Cairo]: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya/ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, n.d.
al-Ṭabarānī, Abū l-Qāsim Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/971). al-Muʿjam al-awṣat. Edited by Muḥammad, Abū Muʿādh Ṭāriq b. ʿAwad Allāh b. and al-Ḥusaynī, Abū l-Faḍl ʿAbd al-Muḥsin. 10 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥaramayn, 1415/[1994]Google Scholar
al-Ṭabarānī, Abū l-Qāsim Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/971).al-Muʿjam al-kabīr. Edited by al-Sulfī, . Mosul: Maktabat al-Zahrāʾ, 1404/1983Google Scholar
al-Ṭabarānī, Abū l-Qāsim Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/971).al-Muʿjam al-ṣaghīr [al-Rawḍ al-dānī]. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1405/1985
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 310/923). Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān. Edited by Shākir, Muḥammad and Shākir, Aḥmad. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1373/1954. Also ed. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Maymaniyya, 1321/1903. Also ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1405/[1984–5]Google Scholar
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 310/923).Tahdhīb al-āthār. Edited by Shākir, Maḥmūd Muḥammad. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Madanī, n.d.
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 310/923).Tārīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk. Edited by Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1960–[77]. Also Beirut: Maktabat Khayyāṭ, [1968]Google Scholar
Ṭabbākh, Muḥammad Rāghib (d. 1951 CE). Iʿlām al-nubalāʾ fī tārīkh Ḥalab al-shahbāʾ. 1923. Aleppo: Dār al-Qalam al-ʿArabī, 1988
al-Ṭaḥāwī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Abū Jaʿfar (d. 321/933). Sharḥ maʿānī al-āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1399/[1979]Google Scholar
al-Ṭaḥāwī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Abū JaʿfarSharḥ mushkil al-āthār. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1408/1987Google Scholar
al-Ṭaḥṭāwī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 1231/1816). Ḥāshiyat al-Ṭaḥṭāwī ʿalā Marāqī l-falāḥ [by Ḥasan b. Aḥmad al-Shurunbulālī, d. 1659] sharḥ Nūr al-īḍāḥ fī madhhab al-Imām al-aʿẓam Abī Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān. Cairo: Būlāq, 1318/[1900]Google Scholar
al-Tanūkhī, al-Muḥassin b. ʿAlī al-Qāḍī (d. 384/994). Nishwār al-muḥāḍara wa-akhbār al-mudhākara. Edited by al-Shāljī, ʿAbbūd. Beirut: Dār Ṣāḍir, 1971–3. Translated by D. S. Margoliouth. The Table-Talk of a Mesopotamian Judge. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1922Google Scholar
al-Ṭayālisī, Sulaymān b. Dāwūd (d. 204/819–20). Musnad. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
Taylor, John B.Some Aspects of Islamic Eschatology.” Religious Studies 4 (1968), pp. 57–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teiser, Stephen. The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994Google Scholar
al-Thaʿālibī, Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 429/1037–8). Thimār al-qulūb fī l-muḍāf wa-l-mansūb. Edited by Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār Nahḍat Miṣr, 1384/1965Google Scholar
Thackston, Wheeler, trans. The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. 1996. New York: Modern Library, 2002Google Scholar
al-Thaʿlabī, Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī (d. 427/1035). al-Kashf wa-l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by ʿĀshūr, Abū Muḥammad b.. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1422/2002Google Scholar
al-Thaʿlabī, Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī (d. 427/1035).Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. [Cairo]: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya/ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, n.d.
al-Thawrī, Sufyān b. Saʿīd (d. 161/778). Tafsīr. Edited by ʿArshī, Imtiyāz ʿAlī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1403/[1982–3]Google Scholar
al-Tirmidhī, Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā (d. 279/892). Sunan. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, [1996]. Also edited by Shākir, Aḥmad Muḥammad et al. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.Google Scholar
Tor, Deborah. “From Holy Warriors to Chivalric Order: The ʿayyārs in the Eastern Islamic World, A.D. 800–1055.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2002
Traini, R. “La métamorphose des êtres humains en brutes d'après quelques textes arabes.” In: Jong, F. (ed.). Miscellanea arabica et islamica: dissertationes in academia Ultrajectina prolatae anno MCMXC. Leiden: Peeters, 1993, pp. 90–134Google Scholar
al-Ṭuʿmī, Muḥyī al-Dīn (ed.). Mawsūʿat al-isrāʾ wa-l-miʿrāj. Beirut: Dār wa-Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1994Google Scholar
Turan, Osman. Selçuklar tarihi ve Türk-İslam medeniyeti. Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitütü, 1965Google Scholar
Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine Publishing, 1969Google Scholar
al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad (fl. late sixth/twelfth c.). ʿAjāyib al-makhlūqāt. Edited by Satūda, Manūchihr. Tehran: Nashr-i Kitāb, 1966Google Scholar
al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī. Edited by Mīnuvī, Mujtabā and Ḥaydarī, ʿAlī Riẓā. Tehran: Khavārazmi, 1360/[1982]. Translated by George M. Wickens. The Nasirean Ethics. London: George Allen, 1964Google Scholar
Tyan, Emile. Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam. 1938. Leiden: Brill, 1960Google Scholar
ʿUbayd-i Zākānī, Niẓām al-Dīn. Kulliyāt. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Zawwār, 1382/[2003–4]Google Scholar
ʿUlaysh, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 1299/1882). Sharḥ minaḥ al-jalīl ʿalā Mukhtaṣar al-ʿallāma al-Khalīl. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989Google Scholar
Ullmann, Manfred. Das Motiv der Kreuzigung in der arabischen Poesie des Mittelalters. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz, 1995Google Scholar
al-ʿUqaylī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. ʿAmr (d. 322/934). K. al-Ḍuʿafā al-kabīr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya, 1404/1984Google Scholar
Ūshī al-Farghānī, Sirāj al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān (d. end of sixth/twelfth c.). al-Fatāwā al-Sirājiyya. Calcutta: n.p., 1827Google Scholar
ʿUtbī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. c. 425/1035). Tārīkh-i Yamīnī. Edited by Shiʿār, Jaʿfar. 2nd ed. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama ū Nashr-i Kitāb, 1978Google Scholar
Vogel, Frank E.The State of the Field: A Major Advance Is Imminent.” Newsletter of the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School 11, 2 (2006), pp. 1–4Google Scholar
Vuckovic, Brooke Olson. Heavenly Journeys, Earthly Concerns. New York: Routledge, 2005Google Scholar
Wagner, Ewald. Abū Nūwās: eine Studie zur arabischen Literatur der ʿAbbāsidenzeit. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1965Google Scholar
Wakīʿ, Muḥammad b. Khalaf b. Ḥayyān (d. 306/918). Akhbār al-quḍāt. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, [198–]
Waldmann, Marylin Robinson. “Islamic Eschatology.” In: Eliade, Mircea (gen. ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York: MacMillan, 1987, V, pp. 152a–156aGoogle Scholar
Waldmann, Marylin Robinson. Toward a Theory of Historical Narrative: A Case Study in Perso-Islamicate Historiography. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1980Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. “Created in His Image: A Study in Islamic Theology.” Transactions of the Glasgow University Oriental Society 18 (1959–60), pp. 38–49Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. Islamic Creeds. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. A Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazālī. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963Google Scholar
Waṭwāṭ, Rashīd al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl al-ʿUmarī (d. c. 578/1182). Majmūʿat al-rasāʾil. Edited by Fahmī, Muḥammad Effendī. [Cairo]: Maktabat al-Ādāb, 1939Google Scholar
Weber, Max. Economy and Society. 1922. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978Google Scholar
Weiss, Bernard. The Search for God's Law: Islamic Jurisprudence in the Writings of Sayf al-Din al-Amidi. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1992Google Scholar
Weiss, Bernard. The Spirit of Islamic Law. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998Google Scholar
Wellhausen, Julius. Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz. 1902. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1960Google Scholar
Wendell, Charles. “The Denizens of Paradise.” Humaniora Islamica 2 (1974), pp. 29–59Google Scholar
Wensinck, Arent Jan. The Muslim Creed: Its Genesis and Historical Development. 1932. London: F. Cass, 1965Google Scholar
Wesel, Uwe. Geschichte des Rechts: von den Frühformen bis zum Vertrag von Maastricht. Munich: Beck, 1997Google Scholar
Wickens, George M.Al-Jarsīfī on the Ḥisba.” Islamic Quarterly 3 (1956–7), pp. 176–87Google Scholar
Wiener, A.The Faraǧ baʿda aš-Šidda-Literatur.” Der Islam 4 (1913), pp. 413–19Google Scholar
Winter, Michael. “Islamic Attitudes Toward the Human Body.” In: Law, Jane Marie (ed.). Religious Reflections on the Human Body. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 36–45Google Scholar
Winter, T. J. “Introduction.” In: Winter (trans.). The Remembrance of Death and Afterlife: Book XL of the Revival of the Religious Sciences. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989, pp. xiii–xxxGoogle Scholar
al-Awqāf bi-l-Kuwayt, Wizārat (ed.). al-Mawsūʿa al-fiqhiyya. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shuʾūn al-Dīniyya, 1983Google Scholar
Wolff, M.Mohammedanische Eschatologie. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1872Google Scholar
Wolfson, Harry Austryn. The Philosophy of the Kalam. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976Google Scholar
Wright, William. A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Revised by W. R. Smith and M. J. de Goeje. 3rd ed. 1896 and 1898. Repr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999Google Scholar
Ya'ari, Ehud and Friedman, Ina. “Curses in Verses.” Atlantic Monthly (February 1991), pp. 22–6Google Scholar
Yāqūt, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (d. 626/1229). Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [1955–7]Google Scholar
Yūsuf Khāṣṣ Ḥājib (fl. 1069 CE). Kutadgu Bilig. Edited by Radlov, V.. St. Petersburg: Glasunov and Eggers, 1891–1910. Translated by Robert Dankoff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983Google Scholar
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144). Asās al-balāgha. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1412/1992Google Scholar
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144).Aṭwāq al-dhahab fī mawāʿiẓ al-khuṭab. Edited and translated by Adrien Barbier de Meynard, Casimir. Les Colliers d'Or. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1876Google Scholar
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144).al-Fāʾiq. Edited by Bakhāwī, and l-Faḍl, Abū. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144).al-Kashshāf ʿan ḥaqāʾiq al-tanzīl. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
Zartusht-i Bahrām (fl. sixth/twelfth c.). Ardāvīrāfnāma-yi manẓūm. Edited by ʿAfīfī, Raḥīm. Mashhad: Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1343sh./[1965]Google Scholar
al-Zaylaʿī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Yūsuf (d. 762/1361). Naṣb al-rāya. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1357/[1937–8]Google Scholar
al-Zaylaʿ ī, Fakhr al-Dīn ʿUthmān b. ʿAlī (d. 743/1342–3). Tabyīn al-ḥaqāʾiq. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1313/[1895–6]Google Scholar
Ziadeh, Farhat J. “Integrity (ʿAdālah) in Classical Islamic Law.” In: Heer, Nicholas (ed.). Islamic Law and Jurisprudence: Studies in Honor of Farhat J. Ziadeh. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990, pp. 73–93Google Scholar
Zysow, Aron. “The Economy of Certainty: An Introduction to the Typology of Islamic Legal Theory.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1984

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Christian Lange, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Justice, Punishment and the Medieval Muslim Imagination
  • Online publication: 21 July 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497254.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Christian Lange, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Justice, Punishment and the Medieval Muslim Imagination
  • Online publication: 21 July 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497254.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Christian Lange, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Justice, Punishment and the Medieval Muslim Imagination
  • Online publication: 21 July 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497254.009
Available formats
×