In her study of modern scientific discourse, E. F. Keller argues that any discourse of knowledge, including that of science, is libidinally determined. “Without mediation, commonality, or intercourse between subject and object, knowledge is not possible. One of the most common metaphors in Western history for such mediation has been the sexual relation: knowledge is a form of consummation, just as sex is a form of knowledge. Both are propelled by desire.” Moreover, modern scientific knowledge does not reflect upon what drives it as desire. Rather, to found its values, criteria, and practices, it appeals to an “objectivist ideology” designed to preserve the scientist's anonymity, disinterestedness, and impersonality, as well as the neutrality of his or her discourse. But in doing so, it reveals all the more its desire to become a totally “objective” science, possessing an ideal knowledge of objects that would transcend the body and the material in general. Science dreams of an autonomous and objectified subject of science, a subject disconnected from the world of other subjects and from their own subjectivity by the discursive act that represents them as “objects.” In sum, the objectivity of modern scientific knowledge results from its sublimation of a body of desires and its refusal to consider the discourse through which they are channeled.

The Enlightenment's development of techniques for mastering the objects of nature marks one of the beginnings of the scientific modernity Keller analyzes.