Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part I Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care
- Part II General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients
- Part III Antiretroviral therapy
- Part IV Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children
- 25 Cutaneous diseases
- 26 Neurologic problems
- 27 Ophthalmic problems
- 28 Oral health and dental problems
- 29 Otitis media and sinusitis
- 30 Cardiac problems
- 31 Pulmonary problems
- 32 Hematologic problems
- 33 Gastrointestinal disorders
- 34 Renal disease
- 35 Endocrine disorders
- 36 Neoplastic disease in pediatric HIV infection
- Part V Infectious problems in pediatric HIV disease
- Part VI Medical, social, and legal issues
- Appendices
- Index
- Plate section
- References
29 - Otitis media and sinusitis
from Part IV - Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 February 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part I Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care
- Part II General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients
- Part III Antiretroviral therapy
- Part IV Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children
- 25 Cutaneous diseases
- 26 Neurologic problems
- 27 Ophthalmic problems
- 28 Oral health and dental problems
- 29 Otitis media and sinusitis
- 30 Cardiac problems
- 31 Pulmonary problems
- 32 Hematologic problems
- 33 Gastrointestinal disorders
- 34 Renal disease
- 35 Endocrine disorders
- 36 Neoplastic disease in pediatric HIV infection
- Part V Infectious problems in pediatric HIV disease
- Part VI Medical, social, and legal issues
- Appendices
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Introduction and background
Otitis media and sinusitis are among the most common minor bacterial infections affecting children with normal immune function. To date, there has been a paucity of systematic study of these infections in immunocompromised hosts in general. However, substantial experience and a limited literature suggest that, in their acute, chronic, and recurrent forms, they also occur commonly in children who are infected with HIV. Although the causes, manifestations, and clinical courses of most episodes of otitis media and sinusitis in HIV-infected children are indistinguishable from those in immunocompetent children, unusually frequent, prolonged, severe, or otherwise problematic episodes, or those caused by unusual or opportunistic pathogens, can be the sentinel expressions of immunodeficiency that should prompt an assessment for HIV infection.
Epidemiology of acute otitis media and sinusitis
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a very common occurrence in immunocompetent children with peak frequency during the first 2 years of life. In addition to young age, risk factors for AOM include male gender, a history of severe or recurrent AOM in sibling(s), early age of first AOM, absence of breast feeding, winter season, race (with high rates among Eskimos and other Native Americans, as well as among Australian aborigines), day-care attendance, lower socioeconomic status, and craniofacial anomalies [1].
There are three controlled studies that describe the relative frequency of AOM among HIV-infected children [2–4].
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- Information
- Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 460 - 467Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005